HOA - Western Asia

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What was the construction system used in Early Mesopotamian Architecture?

Arctuated

The Holy Mountain, a rectangular stepped tower with an open platform containing the "Fire Altar", is known as:

Ziggurat

What was the orientation used in Early Mesopotamian Architecture?

Four points towards Cardinal Points

What were some of the materials available during Assyrian Architecture?

Stone & Timber

A decoration during Assyrian Architecture used guarding Chief Portals glazed bricks in blue, white, yellow, & green

Winged-bulls/Iion

A wall decoration used in Palaces intended to provide magical protection to the King & the palace

Low relief

Located in and around the valley of Tigris and Euphrates river in Modern Iraq

Mesopotamia

Name the structure

White Temple Uruk

What surrounded each city-state in ancient Mesopotamia

Wall

A Ziggurat usually has one flat-top rectangular mound carrying the upper temple. What is this type of Ziggurat called?

Archiac Ziggurat

A Ziggurat with 7 stages and a square base is known as:

Assyrian Ziggurat

It is a private family apartment or women's quarter

Harem

The eighth gate to the inner city of Babylon, constructed around 575 BC by order of King Nebuchadnezzar II, located on the north side of the city, and now reconstructed in the Pergamon Museum, Berlin, is called:

Ishtar Gate

A service chamber that served as a Moslem "Inn" for travellers is known as:

Khan

The entrance portals flanked with statues of headed winged bulls & lions and containing 700 rooms refers to:

Palace of Sargon, Khorbad

Which ancient architectural site occupies 1500 x 100 ft and is elevated 40 ft?

Persopolis

The palace proper which includes the King's residence, men's apartment, and reception courts is called:

Seraglio

The most famous Ziggurat in the world, where religious ceremonies were held on the top platform and priests collected gifts as representatives of God on Earth, is known as:

Ziggurat of Ur

What material was commonly used during Persian & Median Architecture for constructing Fire-Temples and Palace Platforms?

Stone

What material was primarily used for columns in Persian & Median Architecture?

Stone

Name the structure

Ziggurat of Ur

Located in the ancient city of Ur in present-day southern Iraq, this is the largest, most complex, and best-preserved ziggurat ever found in Mesopotamia. It was built as a place of worship for the moon god Nanna. What is it called?

Ziggurat of Ur

An ancient Elamite city in Iran that includes a ziggurat, temples, palaces, and tombs, mainly built to honor the great god Inshushinak, is called:

Ziggurat of Tchogha Zanbil

Name the structure

Ziggurat of Tchogha Zanbil

Religious Belief during Mesopotamia

Symbolism and polytheism, magic and divination

A Social- Political of Mesopotamia

Ruled by Kings in Monumental Palaces

The traditional style of Mesopotamian building reached its peak with a new form of façade ornament characterized by:

Figures designed in colored glazed brick work-polychrome

A historical records were it was written (wedge-shaped characters on clay tablets)

Cuneiform tablets

Period of Western Asia in order

Sumerians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians

Name the structure

City of Khorsabad - Palace of Sargon

Name the structure

City of Babylon - Palace of Nebuchadnezzar

Name the structure

Palace at Persepolis

Name the structure

Palace of Xerxes

Name the structure

Hall of a Hundred Columns

Considered one of the oldest civilization

Mesopotamia

Principal room of an anatolian house

Megaron

Period During Ancient Near East (Western Asia) in order

Akkadians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians

A sculpture relief in which the projection from the surrounding surface is slight and no part of the modeled form is undercut is called:

Bas - Reliefs

Name the human headed winged bull

Lamassu

Name the Structure:

Naqsh-e Rustam

What is the term used for the belief in multiple gods as practiced in Babylon and Assyria?

Polytheism

An archaeological site located about 6 kilometers northwest of Persepolis is known as:

Nasqsh-e Rustam

In which region was monotheism practiced?

Persia

Which ideology is associated with a society centered around a temple?

Theocratic Socialism

What engineering technique was used to collect and channel the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers?

Hydraulic Engineering

What material was mass-produced in Mesopotamia using brick molds?

Bricks

What did the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers contain that was valuable for agriculture?

Rich silt

What was the architectural character of Babylon and Assyria?

Has massive, fortress-like, and non-columnar, emphasizing power through scale and decoration.

What was the architectural character of Persia?

Has columnar, featuring grand hypostyle halls with green ornamentation. It was commanding, formal, and monumental, reflecting the empire's power and sophistication.

Which of the following architectural features were used in Babylonian and Assyrian construction?

Arches and vaults

What type of foundation was commonly used in Persian architecture?

Broad platforms, partly cut in rock and partly structural

What is a key characteristic of Persian construction?

Use of post and lintel system with columns

What was the common layout of rooms in Babylonia and Assyria?

Rooms were grouped around a quadrangle.

What architectural feature was predominant in Persian architecture?

Square rooms and lavish use of columns.

What type of arches were commonly used in the entrances of palaces in Babylonia and Assyria?

Semi-circular arches

What architectural feature enhanced the arches at the entrances of palaces in Babylonia and Assyria?

Decorative archivolts

Where were windows typically located in Persian architecture?

Below ceiling levels

What materials were used in early dwellings in Babylonia and Assyria for roofing?

Palm logs with parched clay

What type of roofs were commonly used in Babylonia and Assyria?

Flat roofs

What was used for waterproofing flat roofs in Babylonia and Assyria?

Bitumen

What type of roofs were used in Persia?

Flat timber roofs (cedar)

What was a unique feature of the roofs in Babylonia and Assyria?

Battlement crestings to conceal the roof

What architectural feature is absent in Babylonia and Assyria?

Columns

What is a common feature of the capital in Persian architecture?

Double-bull or double unicorn

What decorative element is found beneath the capital in Persian columns?

Recurring vertical scrolls

What characteristic does the body shaft of Persian columns have?

Flutings

What type of base is typical for Persian columns?

High molded base

What type of decoration is commonly found in Babylonian and Assyrian architecture?

Ceramic decoration in the form of colored and glazed bricks

Which motif is mentioned as a part of the sculptural decoration in Babylonian and Assyrian architecture?

Lion motif

What is a characteristic feature of the architectural style in Persia?

No characteristic mouldings, nor architraves nor capitals

What creature is described as flanking the entrances?

Colossal king-headed winged bull

Moulding and Ornaments:

Geometric and vegetal design

Moulding and Ornaments:

Floral and vegetal

Moulding and Ornaments:

Pomegranates

Moulding and Ornaments:

Palmettes

Moulding and Ornaments:

Grapevine

Moulding and Ornaments:

Lion-griffins and lotus leaf

What is the Throne of Rustam?

An archaeological site located about 6 kilometers northwest of Persepolis.

Which ancient kings are buried at the Throne of Rustam?

Darius the Great, Xerxes I, Artaxerxes I, and Darius II.

What type of rock is the Throne of Rustam carved into?

Native limestone rock mountain.

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