Building Materials - Plastic Part 1

101問 • 1年前

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Which material is made from substances like coal, salt, natural gas, cotton, wood, and water, and can be molded into various shapes through polymerization

Plastic

What is the 3 types of Plastics

Cellulose plastics, Synthetic resin plastic, Plastic from protines and natural resins

when heated and harden when cooled regardless of the number of times the process is repeated. They have a molecular structure which is essentially linear or threadlike in form.

Thermoplastics

Sometimes called thermocuring plastics, set into shape permanently when heat and pressure are applied during the forming stage. They have a molecular structure in a 3-dimensional arrangement

Thermosetting plastics

This material combines the transparency of glass (but not scratch-proof quality) with plastics’ shatterproof quality. Used principally for skylights, skydomes, safety glass, paints, adhesives, finish hardware, & lighting fixtures

Acrylic

Popular brands for acrylics

Lucate, Plexiglass

Primarily cellulose acetate or butyrate, used principally for paints and lacquers, and transparent sheeting.

Cellulosics/ Cellulosics Plastics

Is a hard, strong, tough and rigid thermoplastic for household and industrial applications.

Ziegler Polyethylene

Developed by Imperial Chemical Industries of Britain is a high-pressure, low-density PE that is flexible, tough and slightly resilient thermoplastic used in construction as pond or lagoon lining, and water-vapor barriers and dampproofing.

ICI Polyethylene

Which thermoplastic is known for its excellent transparency, rigidity, easy moldability, and is used in wall tiles, lighting fixture diffusers, thermal insulation, and concrete paint

Polystyrene

Is a largely amorphous, rigid, tough, solvent-resistant, flame-resistant thermoplastic. Used for resilient floor tile, films, pipes, and for paint lacquers, adhesives and safety glass.

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

A family of linear polyesters, is a white, substantially amorphous, very tough and strong material with good heat resistance up to 150 deg C and excellent dimensional stability. It is injection-molded to produce plates, rods, gears, and other shaped parts that advantageously replace die-cast metal parts. Used for skylights.

Polycarbonates

A tough plastic with good resistance to heat and chemical action. Easy to manufacture, has extremely high economic value and is commonly used for piping classification, packaging, and automotive parts

Polypropylene

A family of polymers called linear polyamides. It is desired for the following properties: exceptionally strong, elastic, abrasion resistant, easy to wash, resistant to damage from oil and many chemicals, can be precolored or dyed in wide range of colors, and resilien

Nylon

Which class of paraffinic polymers is characterized by excellent chemical resistance, heat resistance, good electrical properties, excellent wear resistance, and high abrasion resistance due to the replacement of hydrogen with fluorine

Fluoroplastics

Polymers can be processed in various ways:

Thermoforming, Compression and transfer molding, Extrusion, Infection Molding, Blow Molding

Also called India rubber or caoutchouc, made from a runny, milky white liquid called latex that oozes from certain plants when you cut into them

Natural Rubber

Is a man-made rubber which is produced in manufacturing plants by synthesizing it from petroleum and other minerals

Synthetic Rubber

Is a family of synthetic rubbers that are produced by polymerization of chloroprene

Neoprene / Polychloroprene rubber

A polymer formed from the polymerization of the monomer

Polybutadiene Rubber

A general-purpose synthetic rubber, produced from a copolymer of styrene and butadiene

Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR)

Rubber is a type of synthetic rubber that is widely used in various applications due to its excellent properties and versatility.

Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber

Is a polymer that display elastic properties

Elastomer

Tough, rigid plastic material with high impact strength which can be guillotined, punched, routered or sawn easily, and is really available in a wide variety of colors. Used widely for toys, packaging, signs, kicking plates, display and point of sale

High Impact Polystyrene

Is a solud or highly viscous substance of plant or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into polymers

Resin

Used for paint, baked enamels, adhesives, impregnating resins for paper and wool and finish hardware

Phenolics

The grandfather of all fluoroplastics, It is the most unusual and exhibits the best performance in terms of temperature and chemical resistance, and non-stick properties

PolyTetraFluoroethylene (PTFE)

Mainly manufactured by Du Pont Co and was developed as a "melt processalbe" version of PTFE

FluroEthylenePropylene (FEP

Du Pont developed as "Tough Teflon". It is a normal Thermoplastic, but it is much harder than PTFE & FEP and similar in hardness to nylon, and is therefore, used as an "Engineering Plastic"

Ethylene Tetra Fluoro Ethylene Copolymer (ETFE)

Tough fluoroplastics with similar properties to ETTE and used mainly for it's chemical resistance

Ethylene-Chloro Tri Fluoro Ethylene (E-CTTE)

A very hard plastic roughly conparable to E-CT FO and relatively cheap compared with other fluroplastics, has a good chemical resistance

Poly Vinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)

Also a hard, tough fluro plastic resistance, normally used as film in gas bags, solar heating panels and printing circuit laminating

Polyvinyl Fluoride

Is a thermoplastic known for its toughness, heat resistance, high gloss, low shrinkage, and dimensional stability. It's widely used in injection molding for appliances, furniture, and automotive parts, as well as in extruded sheets for larger items like appliance panels, hot tubs, and RV parts. Essentially, it's a versatile and durable plastic used in a variety of applications.

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

Is well known for its use in molded dishes, while urea is useful for incandescent light diffusion and for baked enamels .

Melamine

Is a hard resin commonly used as an overlay for building materials like MDF or plywood, melamine boards

Melamine laminate

Used in buildings for its remarkable adhesive qualities. It may also be used for special paints that are chemically resistant and for special caulking compounds.

Epoxy

Appear chiefly as molded electrical parts, and as the vehicle in paints, lacquers, and enamels

Alkyds

Is a natural chemical element, used for clear, water-repellant paints for concrete and masonry surfaces above grade

Silicon

The plastic most commonly used in large glass-fiber reinforced translucent panels that are strong, rigid, and impact-resistant. Also used for impregnating paper and wood, as laminating material, and for contact adhesive.

Polyester

Used in paint coatings, and as foams, are self-adhesive.

Urethanes

Used in paint coatings, and as foams, are self-adhesive

Urethanes

Usually made of acrylate, polyester, or polystyrene plastics, either plain or reinforced with glass-fiber, are available in flat or corrugated sheets and various deformed shapes.

Sheets

What is the typical thicknesses of Sheets

1.5mm to 2.38mm (1/16 to 3/32 inches).

As water barrier or dampproofing material, it is generally made of polyethylene and polyvinyl

Film Sheet

What is the typical thickness range of film sheets

1 to 10 mils (0.001 to 0.01 inch)

For building construction, which thicknesses of film sheets are most commonly used

2, 4, and 6 mils

What thickness of film sheet is recommended for use over tamped earth or sand fill

2 mil

How much overlap (lap) should be provided where necessary

6 inches (150 mm)

When placing film sheets over gravel and stone, what thickness should be used

6 mil

What thickness of film sheet is recommended for use over tamped earth or sand fill

4 mil

Used as flotation material, thermal insulators, and shock-resistant mountings. Offers possibilities for lightweight materials of high strength .

Foam

Is the process applied to paper or fabric impregnated with thermosetting resins.

Lamination

Rubber is strong and durable. It's resilient, resists tearing and wear, holds its shape well (low permanent set), and stays flexible even in the cold.

Advantages

Rubber is not chemically resistant, especially to petroleum-based products. It also degrades in outdoor environments due to sunlight, ozone, oxygen, and heat.

Disadvantage

Synthetic rubber offers better resistance to oil, chemicals, and aging, performs well in a wider temperature range, and is often cheaper than natural rubber.

Advantages

Synthetic rubber relies on non-renewable resources, contributes to pollution, has fluctuating prices tied to oil, and doesn't perfectly replicate all the properties of natural rubber.

Disadvantages

Polyurethane is versatile, durable, adaptable, and cost-effective.

Advantages

Polyurethane has limited heat resistance, is vulnerable to solvents, and poses toxicity and flammability concerns. Synthetic rubber relies on non-renewable resources, contributes to pollution, has fluctuating prices tied to oil, and doesn't perfectly replicate all the properties of natural rubber.

Disadvantage

Polyurethane has limited heat resistance, is vulnerable to solvents, and poses toxicity and flammability concerns.

Advantages

Polyurethane has limited heat resistance, is vulnerable to solvents, and poses toxicity and flammability concerns.

Disadvantages

Thermosetting polyester offers a strong, versatile, and resilient material choice with good heat and chemical resistance, making it suitable for various applications.

Advantenges

Thermosetting polyester offers a strong, versatile, and resilient material choice with good heat and chemical resistance, making it suitable for various applications. Limited color options and poor melting resistance are key drawbacks of thermosetting polyester that may restrict its use in certain applications.

Disadvantage

Phenolic thermosets are durable, water-resistant, and easy to mold into various shapes. They also resist abrasion, impact, and chemical corrosion.

Advantages

Phenolics require fillers for molding, have limited color options, and are not resistant to bases and oxidizers. They also release volatiles during curing, posing potential environmental and health concerns.

Disadvantages

Alkyd plastics are durable, stain-resistant, and adhere well to surfaces, making them suitable for various applications.

Advantages

Alkyd plastics are not environmentally friendly due to the emission of harmful VOCs during processing.

Disadvantages

Alkyd plastics are durable, stain-resistant, and adhere well to surfaces, making them suitable for various applications.

Advantages

Epoxy offers resistance to stains, chemicals, and strong adhesion.

Advantages

Epoxy requires application in a well-ventilated area due to potential fumes

Disadvantage

Melamine is durable, stain-resistant, and solvent-resistant, making it a versatile material for various applications.

Advantages

Melamine is not microwave-safe, can absorb radiation, and is toxic when ingested, posing potential health risks.

Disadvantages

Fluoroplastics offer a unique combination of high-performance properties such as high-temperature resistance, non-corrosive nature, excellent insulation, non-toxicity, and a smooth surface.

Advantages

Fluoroplastics are expensive, have low strength and stiffness, and may exhibit poor wear resistance.

Disadvantages

Fluoroplastics offer a unique combination of high-performance properties such as high-temperature resistance, non-corrosive nature, excellent insulation, non-toxicity, and a smooth surface.

Advantages

Polypropylene is a versatile plastic with many benefits. It's strong against corrosion and chemicals, recyclable, and insulates against electricity. It's also waterproof, flexible yet strong, and resistant to acids.

Advantages

Polypropylene has limitations. It degrades in sunlight, can't be used in high heat, is difficult to paint or glue, and is flammable, melting when heated.

Disadvantages

Polycarbonates are strong, durable, and versatile, offering impact resistance, heat resistance, and clarity. They are used in various applications due to their unique combination of properties.

Advantage

PVC is a widely used plastic due to its affordability, durability, strength, and chemical resistance.

Advantage

PVC has poor heat stability and raises environmental and health concerns due to the emission of toxic fumes.

Disadvantages

ABS plastic is cost-effective to produce, sturdy, and attractive. It can be recycled due to its ability to be repeatedly melted and cooled. It's versatile in color and texture, lightweight, suitable for many uses, and has low conductivity for heat and electricity. It also absorbs shock well.

Advantages

ABS plastic has a low melting point, making it unsuitable for high-temperature uses and medical implants. It doesn't resist solvents or fatigue well, and it degrades with UV exposure and weathering. Burning it produces a lot of smoke, which is a pollution concern.

Advantages

Polycarbonates can be scratched easily, are not very eco-friendly, and have limited chemical resistance.

Disadvantages

Advantages

Disadvantages

Polycarbonates can be scratched easily, are not very eco-friendly, and have limited chemical resistance. bonates are strong, durable, and versatile, offering impact resistance, heat resistance, and clarity. They are used in various applications due to their unique combination of properties.

Advantage

HIPS is a strong and adaptable plastic that can be used in demanding applications. It's versatile because it can be painted, recycled, and easily molded. It's safe for food contact (FDA compliant), maintains its shape well, has a nice glossy finish, and doesn't evaporate quickly.

Advantages

HIPS isn't great for electrical applications, isn't very clear, and absorbs moisture more readily than some other materials.

Disadvantage

Polystyrene is versatile, affordable, and easy to work with, making it suitable for various applications.

Advantages

Polystyrene is brittle, chemically sensitive, flammable, and environmentally harmful due to its non-biodegradability and lack of recyclability.

Disadvantages

Polyethylene (PE) is a strong, flexible material with high impact resistance and good electrical insulation. It's useful for packaging, recyclable, and has a melting point range that varies depending on its density.

Advantages

Polyethylene takes a long time to decompose, causing pollution. Burning it (incineration) releases harmful gases. Its production relies on fossil fuels, contributing to carbon dioxide emissions.

Disadvantages

Acrylics have several advantages, including excellent optical clarity, weather resistance (especially to sunlight), rigidity, good impact strength, dimensional stability, low mold shrinkage, and increased bi-axial toughness when stretch formed.

Advantages

Acrylics also have disadvantages. They have poor solvent resistance and are attacked by certain chemicals (ketones, esters, chlorocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and freons). They are prone to stress cracking, are combustible, have a limited continuous service temperature (around 200°F), and are not available in flexible forms.

Disadvantage

EPDM rubber is excellent for outdoor use because it resists weathering, ozone, and oxidation. It has good color stability, heat resistance, and electrical insulating properties. It performs better than neoprene and is less expensive.

Adventages

EPDM rubber is not compatible with mineral oils, solvents, and aromatic hydrocarbons, so it shouldn't be used with petroleum-based products. It's also not a good electrical insulator and has lower resilience and tensile strength than natural rubber and polyisoprene.

Disadvantages

Polybutadiene rubber offers high elasticity, excellent low-temperature performance, and good wear and abrasion resistance, making it suitable for demanding applications.

Advantages

Polybutadiene rubber is difficult to process using conventional equipment, potentially leading to increased manufacturing costs and complexity.

Disadvantages

Neoprene rubber is a strong, versatile synthetic rubber. It's durable, weathers well, resists aging, and is less flammable than many rubbers. It also resists chemicals, oil, and fuel moderately, adheres to many surfaces, and can be vulcanized in various ways over a wide temperature range.

Advantages

Neoprene's main weakness is that it stiffens more at low temperatures compared to natural rubber. However, this limitation is being addressed with modifications to improve its low-temperature performance.

Disadvantages

100

Silicone rubber is stable in extreme temperatures, inert (no taste or smell), translucent and easily colored, available in a wide range of hardness, and resistant to chemicals, weathering, compression, and electricity. It also seals well.

Advantages

Building laws Part 1

Mari Alberca · 100問 · 1年前

Building laws Part 1