Building Materials - Finishes

181問 • 1年前

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Exposed concrete work requiring special care in the selection of materials, forming, placing, and finishing to acquire the desired appearance.

Architectural Concrete

Stucco is a mortar consisting of cement, sand, and water. Concrete or masonry surface should be roughened to ensure good bonding before applying the stucco or plaster cement.

Cement Plaster Finish or Stucco

A fine-textured finish obtained by smoothing a fresh concrete, plaster, or stucco surface with a wood float.

Float Finish

The surface of the concrete is grinded a day or two after it has set using a brick of carborundum, soft natural stone, or emery. A thin grout of cement and sand is applied to the surface in a circular motion, rubbing it in to fill the surface imperfections. A sand-float finish is a method using fine sand instead of grout.

Rubbed Finish

A type of finish obtained by scrubbing or brushing the concrete surface while still green with fiber or wire brushes and water to remove the surface film or mortar, leaving the coarse aggregate exposed.

Brushed Finish

Concrete surfaces may be finished by tooling employing any methods for the dressing or finishing of natural stone.

Tooled Finish

Coarse-textured finish obtained by fracturing a concrete or stone surface with a power-driven hammer (bush hammer) having a rectangular head with a corrugated, serrated, or toothed face.

Bush hammered

It has much the same appearance as that of a brushed finish. It produces a granulated finish similar to sandstone but is not so uniform because the aggregates are likely to be brought out irregularly.

Sand-Blast Finish

A decorative finish produced by sandblasting, etching with an acid, or scrubbing a concrete surface after the initial set in order to remove the outer layer of cement paste and expose the aggregate.

Exposed Aggregate Finish

Coloring agents are added to the mixture; it may be troweled, sandblasted, tooled, stamped, etc.

Integrally Pigmented

Form material (boards or panels such as plywood) may be used to impart a surface texture to concrete.

Formboard

The concrete aggregate is forced below the surface, and the surface is then leveled with a straight wood screed. While the concrete is not firmly set, it is given a **float finish** with a straight, flat wood trowel called floats.

Wood Float Finish

Smooth crushed stone, most commonly marble aggregate, in concrete toppings over concrete base slab.

Exposed Aggregate

After the concrete aggregate is forced below the surface, the surface is then leveled with a straight wood screed and given a wood float finish. The entire surface is then **steel-troweled** before the concrete finally sets.

Steel-Troweled Finish

When the concrete is still green but the surface water is gone, the surface is leveled with a straight wood screed. Finish coat is leveled with a wood screed, given a float finish, and then steel-troweled.

Integral Colored-Cement Floor Finish

These separate finishes are designated as non-slip, heavy-duty, colored cement, etc.

Separately Applied Cement Finishes

Moderately rough finish for horizontal surfaces where slip resistance is required and appearance is a consideration.

Swirl

Light-to-heavy rough finish for horizontal finishes where slip resistance and appearance is a consideration.

Broom

Medium-to-heavy texture for large surfaces, such as roadway pavements where slip resistance is required and appearance is of secondary importance.

Burlap Drag

Finish coat of pigmented white cement is applied by throwing it vigorously over screeded-and-broomed for better bonding.

Travertine Finish

Similar in appearance to travertine, produced by scattering rock salt over a troweled surface and then dissolving the salt after the concrete has hardened.

Rock Salt

Proprietary aluminum tools are used to imprint various patterns in freshly placed horizontal concrete surfaces.

Stamped Concrete

Concrete cast over a bed of crushed stone or gravel aggregate against a polyethylene sheet between them to prevent bonding.

Dimpled

Or synthetic rubber sheets* formed in a variety of patterns and/or textures are attached to the inside faces of formwork.

Plastic-thermoplastic

GIass fiber-sculptured surfaces are obtained by placing concrete over or against formwork.

Plaster of Paris

This consists of a topping with a mixture of 1 part cement, 1 part sand, and 1 part finely crushed stone. It is called granolithic because fine aggregate chips were originally used in the aggregate. Finely ground corundum may also be a part of the aggregate to produce an enduring and non-slip surface.

Granolithic Finish

A mosaic floor or paving composed of marble or other stone chips set in a cementitious or resinous matrix and ground when dry.

Terrazzo Finish

A ground and polished terrazzo finish consisting mainly of relatively small stone chips.

Standard Terrazzo

A ground and polished terrazzo finish consisting mainly of large stone chips, with smaller chips filling the spaces between.

Venetian Terrazzo

A uniformly textured terrazzo finish produced by washing the matrix prior to setting so as to expose the chips which are not ground.

Rustic Terrazzo

A mosaic terrazzo finish consisting of cut or fractured marble slabs set by hand in the desired pattern, with smaller chips filling the spaces between.

Palladiana

Is manufactured by pressing in molds a plastic mixture of cement and sand. The surface color of the tile is achieved by the addition of mineral oxide colors.

Cement Tile

Is the surname of the clan that brought the idea and technology of cement tile manufacturing in the Philippines about 100 years ago. Commonly in the Philippines, eventually became synonymous with Mediterranean-patterned tiles.

Machuca tiles

Are small surfacing units made from clay or a mixture of clay with other ceramic materials and fired according to various processes. Any of various fired clay tiles used for surfacing walls, floors, and countertops.

Ceramic Tile

Composed of the same ingredients throughout and derive their color and texture from the materials of which the body is made.

Unglazed tiles

Having a nonvitreous body and a bright attic or crystalline glaze used for surfacing interior walls and light-duty floors; have a glossy surface of ceramic materials fused upon their face to give them a decorative appearance and to make the surface impervious to moisture.

Glazed tiles

Which have a highly polished surface and reflect an image clearly.

Bright glazes

Those which do not clearly reflect an image or are entirely without sheen.

Matte glazes

Small ceramic tile having a porcelain or neutral clay body, glazed for surfacing walls or unglazed for use on both floors and walls. Usually face-mounted on sheets to facilitate handling and speed installation. Less than 6 sq. in in facial area.

Ceramic Mosaic Tiles

Is a polymer cement and a type of render, but is breathable to allow moisture to pass from the inside whilst waterproofing the outside. It can be used in manual coating sprayers or powered spray guns

Tyrolean Finish

These are durable tiles with a semi-vitreous body and are suitable for use on all walls, both interior and exterior, and on all floors except those subject to heavy wear. A dull or matte finish is recommended when these tiles are used on floors.

Glazed Weatherproof Tiles

Unglazed ceramic tile similar in composition to ceramic mosaic tile but thicker and larger in surface area. Has a facial area of 6 sq. in. or more.

Paver Tile

Unglazed ceramic floor tile having a natural clay body; also called a promenade tile.

Quarry Tile

Generally surfaced with a highly colored opaque glaze and always made by the plastic method from natural clays.

Faience Tiles

Trim tiles are variously shaped units used for finishing an edge or angle and include caps, bases, inserts, combinations, internal and external angles, and returns (finishing units for outside corner installation).

Ceramic Trim Tiles

Brand Names of Ceramic Tiles

MARIWASA, EUROTILES, LEPANTO, ROCERSA, MOZZAICO

Glass tiles are made from thin pieces of glass with a translucent glaze fired onto the back of each tile. They're sold either individually or in predesigned mosaic patterns set on a mesh backing. Most glass tile is translucent, and light penetrates the entire tile.

Glass Mosaic Tile

Harder than ceramic and offers greater design flexibility. Highly resistant to wear and tends to last longer than standard ceramic tile.

Porcelain Tile

Various floor coverings capable of springing back to the original form after being bent or compressed. Available in either tile or sheet form and set in mastic over a suitable underlayment.

Resilient Flooring

Material, especially a nonfabric material, such as vinyl or ceramic tile, used to cover a floor.

Floor Covering

Include asphalt, vinyl, rubber, linoleum, and cork.

Resilient floor tiles

Include vinyl, linoleum, and rubber.

Resilient floor sheets

Consist of a thoroughly bonded composition of thermoplastic binder (asphaltic type for standard asphalt tile and resinous for greaseproof asphalt tile), asbestos and other fibers, inert filler materials (various stone dust, diatomite, mica, etc.), and inert color pigments formed under pressure while hot and cut to size.

Asphalt Tile and Sheet

May be installed on any smooth concrete subfloor above or below grade and on any wood subfloor with sufficient strength so that no deflection occurs.

Asphalt tile

A resilient floor tile composed principally of polyvinyl chloride in combination with mineral fillers and pigments.

Vinyl Tile

A resilient floor covering composed principally of polyvinyl chloride in combination with mineral fillers, pigments, and a fiber, felt, or foam backing.

Vinyl Sheet

Any of various pasty substances used as a sealant, adhesive, or protective coating.

Mastic

A material, such as plywood or hardboard, laid over a subfloor to provide a smooth, even base for resilient flooring, carpet, or other nonstructural flooring.

Underlayment

Brands for vinyl tile and sheet

KENT Floors, APO Floors, ARMSTRONG

Are typically made of neutral rubber for greatest resilience. Their sizes, thicknesses, methods of application, and precautions for installation are similar to vinyl floor tiles.

Rubber floor tiles

ls applied according to the general rules given for linoleum.

Rubber sheet flooring

A resilient floor covering formed by coating burlap or canvas with heated linseed oil, powdered cork, and rosin, and adding pigments for desired colors and patterns.

Linoleum

A resilient floor tile composed of granulated cork and synthetic resin binders. Finished with a protective coat of wax or a film of clear polyvinyl chloride. Used only on a subfloor suspended above grade.

Cork Tile

Material used for the wearing surface of a floor, as hardwood, terrazzo, or floor tile.

Finish Flooring

Finish flooring in the form of wood strips, planks, or blocks.

Wood Flooring

Flooring composed of long, narrow wood strips, usually side and end matched. This type of flooring consists of tongue-and-groove (T&G) boards. Typically no more than 3 or 4 inches wide. Two primary thicknesses: half and three-quarters of an inch.

Strip Flooring

Flooring composed of boards wider than strip flooring, usually side and end matched. Produced in wider widths – sometimes as much as 10-20 inches wide. Lengths up to 16 feet.

Plank Flooring

Of or pertaining to a wood or stone piece having a back face hollowed out so that it can fit more tightly against an irregular surface.

Hollow-backed

Any of a number of attaching a subfloor or flooring.

Sleeper

Long-wearing flooring composed of solid wood blocks set in adhesive with their grain oriented vertically.

Solid Block Flooring

Flooring composed of square units pre-assembled at the mill and usually installed with mastic over a wood subfloor or concrete slab.

Block Flooring

A flooring block made by joining short lengths of strip flooring edgewise, usually tongued on two adjoining sides and grooved on the other two to ensure proper alignment in setting

Unit Block

A flooring block made by bonding three or more wood veneers with a moisture-resistant adhesive, usually tongued on two opposing sides and grooved on the other two to ensure proper alignment in setting.

Laminated Block

A flooring block made by assembling narrow slats or fingers of hardwood into larger units.

Slat Block

A floor composed of short strips or blocks of wood forming a pattern, sometimes with inlays of other woods or other materials.

Parquet

Mosaic work of wood used for floors and wainscoting.

Parquetry

Wood floors that are not nailed or glued to the sub-floor, but instead “float” above it on a thin pad of resilient foam. Made by connecting the individual pieces of flooring together at the edges to make one continuous piece as large as the room in which the flooring is laid.

Floating Flooring

also called floating wood tile in the United States is a multi-layer synthetic flooring product fused together with a lamination process. Simulates wood (or sometimes stone)** with a photographic applique layer under a clear protective layer.

Laminate Flooring

Is a layered product made of an actual but thin slice of hardwood on top of a base of high-quality plywood

Engineered Wood

A ceiling suspended from an overhead floor or roof structure to provide space for pipes, ductwork, lighting fixtures, or other service equipment.

Suspended Ceiling

A secondary ceiling formed to provide space for piping or ductwork or to alter the proportions of a room; also called a dropped ceiling.

Drop Ceiling

The space between a suspended ceiling and the floor structure above, especially one that serves as a receiving chamber for conditioned air to be distributed to inhabited spaces or for return air to be conveyed back to a central plant for processing.

Plenum

These are ship-lapped boards with a bead running along the center of the board and along the joint, hence often referred to as **beaded ceiling board (B.C.B.). The thicknesses are 3/8” and 1/2” and widths of 4” and 6”.

Ceiling Boards

A ceiling made of acoustical tile or other sound-absorbing material.

Acoustical Ceiling

Made in various sizes and textures from a soft, sound-absorbing material, such as cork, mineral fiber, or glass fiber.

Acoustical Tile

Made from compressed sugar cane or wood fibers with perforations on the surface of the tile.

Cellulose Fiber Tile

Made from felted rock wool with a fissured surface. Limited acoustic value, flame-retardant but not suitable for rough usage and cannot be painted

Mineral Wool Tile

Made of glass fiber held together by binders.

Glass Fiber Tile

An acoustical tile made of cork

Cork Tiles

An acoustical tile consisting of a steel or aluminum pan having a perforated phase and containing a separate layer of sound-absorbing metal

Metal Pan

A metal grid of inverted tees supporting the acoustical tiles of a suspended ceiling.

Exposed Grid

A metal grid supporting a suspended ceiling of acoustical tiles with rabbeted joints.

Recessed Grid

A metal grid supporting acoustical tiles, hidden within kerfs cut into the edges of the tiles.

Concealed Grid

A groove cut into the edges of an acoustical tile to receive a spline or T-shaped member of a supporting grid.

Kerf

A secondary member of the grid supporting a suspended ceiling system, usually a sheet metal tee carried by the main runners.

Cross Tee

A principal member of the grid supporting a suspended ceiling system, usually a sheet-metal channel or tee suspended by hanger wires from the overhead structure.

Main Runner

A metal strip inserted into the edges of two acoustical tiles to make a butt joint between them.

Spline

A suspended ceiling system of narrow metal strips, usually incorporating modular lighting and air-handling components.

Linear Metal Ceiling

A suspended ceiling system incorporating acoustical, lighting, and air-handling components into a unified whole.

Integrated Ceiling

100

A suspended ceiling of multicellular louvers for shielding the light sources mounted above it.

Louvered Ceiling

Building laws Part 1

Mari Alberca · 100問 · 1年前

Building laws Part 1