Building Material Part 2

100問 • 1年前

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expressed as a percentage of the oven-dry weight and com be determined by the oven- dry method or by an electric- moristure meter method

moisture content of wood

used for ordinary light construction and finishing work and consists of 1 and 2 inches material manufactured into common boards, shiplap, shelving dimension lumber, center match, flooring, roof plank, siding, V- joint, trim and molding of all kinds.

yard lumber

usually left in 1 and 2 inches rough thickness often containing knots or defects not ordinarily permissible in other categories. It is intended for use in shops or mills making sash, doors and cabinets where it will be cut into relatively short pieces and the defective material discarded

shop lumber

in intended for use in heavy construction for loard- bearing purposes and is cut into timbers of large size than yard lumber, 3 inches or more thick and 4 inches or more wide. It is made from the heartwood of the log

structural lumber

Finishes of wood: Surfacing or planning of one side

S1S

Finishes of wood: two sides planed

S2S

Finishes of wood: four sides planed

S4S

Finishes of wood: as sawn and not planed

rough

annual rings run approximately at right angle to the face

edge grain

when the annual rings run more or less parallel to the surface

flat grain

when the annual rings are at about 45 deg. to the face

angle grain

lumber is strip-piled at a slope on a solid foundation. Tus allows air to circulate around every piece while the sloping allows water to run off quickly

air- drying

more expensive lumber which is required for move refined uses so as wood will not move, such as furnitur. Flooring and general interior use.

kiln-drying

when lumber is subjected to pressure and injected with chemicals or salts to insure it from rots.

pressure treated lumber

term used to describe a wooden member built up o several layers of wood whose grain directions are all substantially parallel, and held together with glue as fastering commonly used for beams, girders, posts, columns, arches, bowstring truss cords, usually softwoods are commonly used because of their low cost, lightness and strength

glue laminated timber

satisfactory for use in dry locations not exposed to rain or water

casein glue

cheap and well cure at from 70 deg. fahrenheit up. will withstand soaking in cool water

urea-formaldehyde-resin

not usually recommended because of the high temperature needed the cure them. Useful for combining trimber and plywood and are very water-resistant

phenol-formaldehyde-resin glues

resin glue are expensive but have excellent qualitres of durability & water resistance

resorcinol-phenot-formaldehyde

a group of sheets of building materials often faced with paper or vinyl, suitable for use a finished surfaced on wall, ceiling, etc

building bounds

made by bonding together thin layers of wood in a way that the grain of each layer is at right angles to the grain of each adjacent layer

plywood

each layer of plywood

veneer

a method of cutting wood veneer in which a log is fixed in a lathe and rotated against a knife so that the veneer is peeled from the log in a continuous sheet

rotary cutting

made from processed wood chips

handboard

flexible to be quite easily bent

standard

made by impregnated standard board with a tempering compound of oils and resin and baking it to polymerize the tempering material

tempered hardboard

not as strong and durable as standard handboard

low-density hard board

made from three types of fiber - wood, sugar cane and asbestos, and binder, fromed into a board

insulating fiberboard

a large class of building board made from wood and particles and a binder, often faced into a board

insulating fiberboard

a large of building board made from wood and particles and a binder, often faced with veneer

chipbound

a handboard made from relatively small particles

particle board

a wall board having a gupsum core

gypsum board

a hardboard made of compressed wheat straw, processed at 350 at 400 degree fahrenheit and covered with a tongh kraft paper

straw board

a dense, rigid board containing a high proportion of asbestos fibers bonded with portland cement, resistant to fire, flame, and weathering, has low resistant to heat flow

asbestos-cement board

from the outer bark of the cork oak tree, cork granules is mixed with synthetic raisins, compress and form into sheet from 1 to 6 in thick and baked under pressure into rigid boards

corkboard

made into two different types: a paper pulp press into boards 3/16, or 1/4 in. thick, 4 ft. wide, and 6, 7 or 8 ft long. Usually one surface is print for easier finishing. The other is a layer of stiff paper folded into corrugated from and face on both sides with a thick paper backing,cemented to the core

paperboard

thick mats of materials fibers, usually glass or rock who are covered with a packing of stiff paper on one or both sides to form rigid boards, paging in sickness from 1/2 to 2in. The usual board size is 24 x 48 inches

mineral fiberground

polystern and polyurethane plastics are formed by a patent process to about 40 times their original volume. Used for perimeter insulation for concrete floor slabs, for wall and roof deck insulation, and four of decks when proper supported

plastic foamsboards

in building construction, paper is used for sheathing, roofing and insulation, in making asphalt shingles, laminated and congregated building products and concrete form materials, as a moisture and viper barrier; as cushioning material; as wallpaper; as an envelope or sheath for other materials; as a fireproofing material

building paper

groundwood, is produced by grinding blocks of wood against a revolving abrasive stone or by grinding steam wood chips in a grinding mill

mechanical pulp

produced by digestive wood chips in various chemicals to free the cellulose fibers from the liquid binding

chemical pulp

good chips are first subjected to a mild chemical treatment and 10 mechanically this integrated in a rotating disk refiners

semi-chemical pulp

used to provide an all right barrier over walls floors etc

sheating paper

used in making a built-up roof and are usually produced in 36 in wild rolls, in various ways from 3 to 20 lb/square

roofing felts

a heavy, mineral surface paper used as final roof covering, made in 16 and 36 in wide, in various ways from fortified to 120 lb/square

rolled roofing

roofing felts and road roofing are what types of paper

roofing paper

used to secure bulk and entrapped air with as much strength as possible. these are made from both wood fibers and asbestos fibers

insulating paper

similar to wood-fibers insulating papers, but less attention to paid to strength. it's chief use is for cushioning under linoleum,carpets or slate roofing

cushioning paper

intended to prevent the passage of moisture vapor through walls, ceilings and floors

vapor barrier paper

a special high strength craft paper made for use in the productions of plastic, the thin, strong paper is impregnated with liquid plastic raisinin several sheet are laminated together under heat and pressure to form the base of plastic sheet

laminating paper

made from strong crop paper in the form of spiral tube and box like from me made from corrugated container paper

concrete form paper

paper from which decorative is made

wallpaper

used as outer covering or envelope for number of building materials. one of these is gypsum board, compose of a layer of calcined gypsum covered in both sides by a sheet of craft paper

envelope paper

made from asbestos fibers, since this is an incombustible material. this material may be in the form of matter paper, similar to asbestos insulating or roofing paper, or it may be the form of a cloth woven from thread span from asbestos fibers

fire proofing paper

a generic name applied to a semi solid mixture of complex hydrocarbons,derived from coal or petroleum, as a coal-tar pitch or asphalt

bitumen

the resulting condensate when the destructive distillation is carried out on such materials as wood coal, shale, peat or bone

tar

a solid or semi solid residue produced from the partial evaporation of fractional distillation of tar

pitch

most common kind of pitch

coal-tar pitch

dark brown or black solid or semi solids which are found in the natural state and are also produced by refining of petroleum

asphalts

liquid asphalts used for paving or cutbacks

liquid paving asphalts

use as binders for more expensive asphalt pavements

asphalt paving cements

metal in which iron is the principal element

ferrous

containing no or very little iron

non ferrous

a malleable alloy of iron and carbon produced by melting and refining pig iron and scrap steel, graded according to the carbon content

steel

used to make cast iron which is high in compressive strength but low in tensile strength, and has little use for construction

pig iron

produce when pig iron is melted in such a way as to remove nearly all the carbon and other impurities

wrought iron

made by containing other elements with the molten steel. nickel, chromium copper and manganese are used

nickel steel

made with chromium or a combination of nickel and chromium used in building for exterior wall panels, frames for doors, expansion joints, flashings, copings, fascia and gravel stops.

stainless steels

recently developed grade of steel. It forms its protection against atmospheric corrosion and does requires no painting

weathering steel

a lustrous,silver white non-magnetic,lightweight metal which is very malleable; has good thermal and electrical conductivity; good reflector of both heat and light

aluminum

use as vapor barrier on walls and ceilings and as reflective insulation

aluminum foil

a lustrous reddish metal, highly ductile and malleable; has high tensile strength; is an excellent electrical and thermal conductor; is available in a wide variety of shapes; widely used for downspout, electrical conductors, flashings, gutter, roofing etc

copper

a soft, malleable, heavy metal, slow melting point and high coefficient and thermal expansion. very easy to cut and work, enabling it to be fitted over an even services. use for roofing, flashing and spandrel wall panels

lead

a lustrous white, soft and malleable metal having a low melting point;relativity unaffected by exposure to air;used for making alloys and solder and in coating sheet metal

tin

a hard, brittle inorganic substance, ordinarily transparent or translucent;produced by melting and mixture of silica, a flux and stabilizer

glass

used to control glare and reduce solar heat. It the product of a glass-coating process which is carried out in a large, rectangular vacuum chamber. Manufactured in two types silver and gold, the glass can be specified in any one of three nominal light transmittance of 8, 14 or 20 %

reflective glass

used where clear vision is not required, such as by factory roofs and walls, window for hallo and staircases, skylight, and partitions in offices. Cast glass diffuses index, trans nuts 90 to 93 % of light rays striking it.

rolled and rough cast glass

manufacturing is similar to rolled and rough-cast glasses. However, they contain a patten or texture impressed usually on one surface by a patterned roller.

cathedral and figured gla.

simply a rolled glass into which wire mesh is inserted during the process of manufacture

wired glass

made by adding ingredients to the mix used in making regular slate glass so that the finished product is pale bluish green or gray

heat absorbing plate glass

three to five times a strong as regular plate as the same thickness and area in resisting compressive forces and fractured due to strain or thermal shock

tempered plate class

polish plate glass can be heat strength and coated on one side vitreous color which is far fused to the surface

vitreous colored plate

wildly used in the automotive industry and transportation but now finding some uses in the building industry, like plus that can withstand firearm attack and explosion

laminated Safety glass (Bullet Proofing)

consists of two sheets of plate or sheet glass, separated by an air space, and joined around edges to produce a hermetically sealed unit

insulating glass

use for glazing windows doors and storm sash in residential buildings were good light and vision are required at moderate cost

window glass

use for glazing windows and doors where greater strength is required but where's slight distortion is not objectable

heavy sheet glass

use for covering pictures, photographs, maps, charts projector slides and instrument dials

picture glass

comparable in many ways the unit masonry but have the added features of transmitting light

glass blocks

also made to admit lights into a building, because of its solid construction its offers greater protection against vandalism than conventional window glass or glass blocks, the ability of the brick is to allow this undistorted passage of light

solid glass brick

a large group of synthetic materials which are made from a number of common substances such as coal, salt, oil, natural gas, cotton, wood and water. from this, relatively simple chemicals known as monomers, which are capable of reacting with one another and produced. these are then built out into chain like molecular of high nuclear weights called polymers

plastics

build up into chain like molecules with high molecular weight is called

polymer

become soft when heated and hard when cooled, regardless of the number of times the process is repeated. includes acrylic cellulosis, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polysterene, polyallomers polycarbonates, polyimide, polypropylene, polysulfone, phenylene oxide, nylons, methyl pertenes, lonomer, fluoroplastics, acetal and acryonitrile butadieniene styrene (ABS)

thermoplastics

set into a permanent shape when heat and pressure are applied to them during the forming stage. this group includes phenolics aminos (urea and melanine) epoxies, polyester polyurethane, alkyd silicones and dially phthalate (DAP)

thermosetting plastics

measured amount of powder or granules is heated when the flowing forced through the nozzle of the barrel into a shaped cavity, where it cools and solidifies

injection molding process

an extruder extrudes a hollow tube which is captured between the two halves of a hollow. as the mold closes, air is blown into the tube and expand it to fit inside surface of the mold

blow-method process

used to form hollow units and complex shapes and heavy walls,our pre measured amount of powder or liquid resin displays at the bottom half of a cold molds which is then closed

rotational molding

a process used to produce lightweight products of polysterene foam, small ground use of polysterene with a small amount of expanding agent are placed in a rolling drum and steam heated

expandable bead molding

a measured quantity of powdered of a heated mold, which is often closed. heat and pressure are applied to the powder which melts and flows to all parts of the mold

compression molding

similar to compression molding except that the powder is heated and liquefy inside the mold and inject into a mold under heat and pressure, where the forming and setting takes place

transfer molding

100

are made by expanding agent with either granules or powder and then heating. heat melts the plastic and cause the formation of a gas which expands and molten material into foamed structure

formed plastic

Building laws Part 1

Mari Alberca · 100問 · 1年前

Building laws Part 1