Buildings Materials - Hardwares

138問 • 1年前

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Are straight, slender pieces of metal having one end pointed and the other enlarged and flattened for hammering into wood or other building materials as a fastener.

Nails

Perfect for framing, they are textured to keep them from slipping.

Checkered Flat Heads

These have a conical shape and are designed to be pushed through the surface of the wood; ideal for most finishing jobs, they can be covered with putty if they need to be.

Counter-Sunk Heads

The most common type of nail, it has strong holding power and is ideal for insulation and sheathing.

Flat Heads

With a concave shape, these nails are perfect if you want nails that are easy to conceal and they are frequently used for drywall.

Cupped Heads

The narrow part of a nail or bolt between the head and point. It can be serrated, threaded, fluted, twisted, or barbed for better grip. Coatings like zinc prevent corrosion, while cement coatings add resistance. Large diameter nails suit heavy work, while smaller ones are for finishing.

Shank

For normal holding power and temporary fastening; provides a lot of versatility for dozens of jobs, which is why they are the most common type of nail.

Smooth Shank

For greater holding power; permanent fastening.

Spiral or Helical Shank

For highest holding power and permanent fastening; used most for soft- to medium-density woods.

Ringed Shank

Consisting of a vertical thread to make it strong, this type of nail can be used in masonry and cinder blocks to prevent cracking.

Knurled or Fluted Shank

With excellent holding power, this nail is designed to be used on strong, hard woods

Barbed Shank

The shape of a nail point determines whether it acts like a wedge or punch when used near the edge of wood. Sharper points increase holding power due to wood fiber wedging.

Points affect wood splitting:

Very common, used for general purposes, 35-degree angle, length about 1.5 times the diameter

Diamond Points

For fast driving, 25-degree angle, may split harder wood.

Long Diamond Points

Difficult to work with but good for preventing wood cracking.

Blunt Points

For ease of clinching.

Duckbill Points

For masonry, better penetration than diamond points.

Conical Points

Tapering rectangular shank with a blunt point, made by cutting from rolled iron or steel.

Cut Nail

Made by cutting and shaping round or elliptical wire.

Wire Nail

Made from open-hearth or Bessemer steel wire and used only in place where it is desired to turn over the ends of the nails to form a clinch, as in the case of battens and cleats.

Clinch Nail

A nail having a slender shank, a flat head, and a diamond point.

Common Wire Nail (CWN)

A nail having a slender shank and a small, barrel-shaped head that is driven slightly below the surface and covered with putty or the like.

Finishing Nail

A small finishing nail

Brad Nail

A hardened-steel nail having a fluted or threaded shank and a diamond point for hammering into concrete or masonry.

Concrete Nail (Masonry Nail)

A nail used in building temporary structures, as scaffolding and formwork, having a flange on its shank to prevent it from being driven in all the way and to leave the head free for pulling; also called "form nail"or "scaffold nail"

Double-Headed Nail (Duplex Nail)

These are common or box nails which have been coated for a particular purpose, usually to keep them from rusting; common examples are the galvanized nails, cement-coated nails and the blued nails.

Coated Nails

To fasten by nailing perpendicular to the face of the work.

Face-Nailing

To secure by nailing obliquely to the surfaces being joined; alternate nails may be driven at opposite angles to provide increased holding power.

Toe-Nailing

To fasten by nailing into the end of a board parallel to the grain of the wood; end-nailing provides poor resistance to withdrawal.

End-Nailing

To secure by nailing in such a way that nail heads are not visible on the face of the work.

Blind-Nailing

To sink a nail head slightly below the surface with a nail set.

Set

To secure a nail or screw in position by hammering down the protruding point.

Clinch

By use of hammering devices or tools.

Manual

Use of mechanized tools and equipment in fastening the hardware to a surface.

Power-Driven

Are driven by compressors in attaching or fastening hardware materials to wood, metal, or concrete.

Pneumatic nailers and staplers

Use gunpowder charges to drive a variety of studs into concrete or steel.

Powder-driven fasteners

Having a tapered, helically threaded shank and a slotted head, designed to be driven into wood or the like by turning, as with a screwdriver.

metal fastener

The original screw drive with one slot in the head.

Single Slot

A combination of slotted and Phillips drive.

Combination

Can be installed with the use of a normal slotted drive but needs special tools for removal.

One Way

The most popular X-shaped head drive in use today.

Phillips

Similar to Phillips

Frearson

Very common in Europe, looks a lot like a Phillips but with 4 more contacts.

Pozidrive

A hexagonal hole for use with an Allen wrench.

Hex or Allen

Also known as Robertson drive and is very resistant to cam-out (the tip of the tool does not slip out and mar the screwhead very easily).

Square

A six pointed star pattern specifically designed to prevent cam-out and stripped heads.

Torx

Combined with a crosshead drive use with either original screw drive or Phillips drive.

Slotted screw drive

Can be concealed below the wood surface.

Countersunk Heads

Countersunk screws with a slight domed head protruding from the wood surface.

Raised Heads

Heads rest on the wood surface; a screw or bolt head having a spherical shape with a flat bearing surface; also called button head screw.

Round/Domed Heads

A countersunk head with a flat top

Flat (FH)

A countersunk head with a rounded top

Oval (OH) or (OV)

A slightly rounded head with short vertical sides

Pan (PN)

A domed head, the most universally used design in the past

Round (RH)

An extra wide, low, large diameter head with a rounded top. Also known as "oven head, stove head, and oval binding head".

Truss

A standard type of wrench-applied hexagonal head characterized by clean, sharp corners trimmed to closed tolerances, recommended for general commercial applications.

Hexagon [Trimmed] (HH) or (HX)

A hexagonal head with a built-in washer.

Hex Washer

A hexagonal head with a built-in washer and a slot.

Slotted Hex Washer

A small cylindrical head using a socket drive.

Socket Cap

A low-profile rounded head using a socket drive.

Button

A cylindrical screw head having a slightly domed upper surface and a flat bearing surface.

Fillister Head

A screw head having a flat upper surface and an underside shaped like the bell of a jungle.

Bugle Head

A screw head designed to resist removal with a flat-tipped or Phillips screwdriver.

Security Head

A truss head on a square shank which resists rotation when located or driven into place.

Square Shoulder

Generally used in electrical and radio work with the identifying undercut beneath the head which binds and eliminates fraying of stranded wire.

Binding Head (Straight Side)

A nail 2 1/2 inches (64m) Iong

eightpenny nail

For nail concealment, light construction flooring and interior trim

flat counter sink

For gypsum wallboards

Gypsum wallboards

For nail concealment, cabinetwork & furniture

Finishing

For general constuction

Flat

For tear resistance, roofing paper

Large flat

For special effects, cladding and decking

Oval

the helical or spiral ridge of a screw, nut, or bolt.

Thread

More commonly available and have fewer threads per inch. They are more tolerant to slight damage or corrosion. It is usually specified as UNC or Unified Coarse.

Coarse Threads

Slightly stronger because the smaller fine threads take up less of the available area. They provide finer adjustments since they advance less per rotation than coarse threads. It is specified as UNF or Unified Fine.

Fine Threads

A screw having a slotted head and a threaded point that permits it to form its own mating threads when driven into wood with a screwdriver.

Wood Screws

A screw-threaded screw designed to tap its corresponding female thread as it is driven; also called tapping screw.

Self-Tapping Screw

A heavy, coarse-threaded screw having a square or hexagonal head driven by a wrench, used in areas inaccessible to the placement of a nut or where an exceptionally long bolt would be needed to penetrate a joint fully; also called coach screw, lag bolt.

Lag Screw

A metal fastener used with a nut or driven into a tapped hole, having a straight, threaded shank and a slotted or Phillips head for turning with a screwdriver.

Machine Screw

A metal fastener for machine parts, having a straight, threaded shank held by threads tapped in the hole into which it is screwed.

Cap Screw

A coarse-threaded screw for fastening sheet metal and other thin material.

Sheet-Metal Screw

A screw, often without a head, threaded through a hole in one part tightly upon or into another part to prevent relative motion.

Setscrew

A screw having a flattened, knurled head designed to be turned by the thumb and forefinger.

Thumbscrew

A screw having a ring-shaped head.

Screw Eye

Used to secure drywall to wood (the coarse thread version) or metal studs (the fine thread version). The head-to-shaft junction is more curved to prevent tearing of the drywall. They also come with self-drilling tips.

Drywall Screws

An anchor having a metal shell with a screw along its central axis (similar to an expansion bolt), where a shell is placed in a hole and a screw is driven into it, thereby expanding it and securing the anchor tightly into the hole. It is locally called a tux screw, usually provided with a plastic shell.

Screw Anchors

A kind of screw that is used to fasten metal roofing sheets to the roof purlins.

Tekscrew

A threaded metal pin or rod, usually having a head at one end, designed to be inserted through holes in assembled parts and secured by a mating nut.

Bolt

A bolt having a flat bearing surface and a square or hexagonal head for turning with a wrench; a bolt having a straight shank and a conventional head such as a square, button, countersunk, or hexagonal. They are used for heavy assemblies such as anchoring to a post.

Machine Bolt

A bolt having a rounded head, a flat bearing surface, and a square shoulder for preventing rotation, used where the head may be inaccessible during tightening, a bold having a circular head, an oval or flat bearing surface

Carriage Bolt

A small, coarse-threaded machine screw; a small bolt with slotted heads, either round or flat, which is countersunk into the workpiece with the entire length of the shank threaded. It is used for light assemblies.

Stove Bolt

A bolt having a ring-shaped head to receive a hook or rope; a bolt with a looped head.

Eye Bolt

A bolt similar to a carriage bolt except the head is flat or concave, and the underside is a cone designed to fit in a countersunk recess.

Plow Bolt

A bolt that is threaded all the way to the head. Also known as a tap bolt.

Set Bolt

A heavy-duty bolt used in steel frame constructions. The head is usually domed and is not designed to be driven. The end of the shank has a spline on which it is engaged by a special power wrench, which prevents the bolt from turning while the nut is tightened. The spline shears off once the appropriate torque is reached.

Tension Control Bolt

A bolt having a nut with pivoted flanged wings that close against a spring when it is pushed through a hole and open after emerging from the hole. It is used to fasten objects to a hollow wall which is accessible only from one side. It is used to fasten materials to plaster, gypsum boards, and other thin wall materials.

Toggle Bolt

An anchor bolt having a split casing that expands mechanically to engage the sides of a hole drilled in masonry or concrete; an anchoring device having an expandable socket (called expansion shields) that swells as the bolt is tightened into it. It is usually used for attaching timber in masonry or concrete walls.

Expansion Bolts

Trademark for a brand of expansion bolt having a split, sleeve-like sheath threaded so that turning the bolt draws the ends of the sheath together and spreads the sides to engage a hole drilled in masonry or the inner surface of a hollow wall.

Molly Bolt

A J-shaped metal rod threaded at one end to receive a nut.

J-Bolt

100

A metal rod bent in the shape of a U and threaded at each end

U-Bolt

Building laws Part 1

Mari Alberca · 100問 · 1年前

Building laws Part 1