LABOR AND DELIVERY

37問 • 6ヶ月前

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PHYSICAL & MECHANICAL PROCESS IN WHICH THE BABY, THE PLACENTA & FETAL MEMBRANES ARE PROPELLED THROUGH THE PELVIS & ARE EXPELLED FROM THE BIRTH CANAL.

LABOR

ACTUAL EVENT OF BIRTH

DELIVERY

FROM AN OBSTETRICAL POINT OF VIEW, IT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OF THE FETUS BECAUSE: A. IT IS THE LARGEST PART OF THE BODY B. IT IS THE MOST FREQUENT PRESENTING PART C. IT IS THE LEAST COMPRESSIBLE OF ALL PARTS

FETAL SKULL

SUTURE LINES ARE IMPORTANT BECAUSE THEY ALLOW THE BONES TO MOVE AND OVERLAP, CHANGING THE SHAPE OF THE FETAL HEAD IN ORDER TO FIT THROUGH THE BIRTH CANAL, A PROCESS CALLED MOLDING.

MEMBRANE SPACES

MEMBRANE SPACES (SUTURE) THE MEMBRANOUS INTERSPACE WHICH JOINS THE 2 PARIETAL BONES.

SAGITTAL SUTURE

MEMBRANE SPACES (SUTURE) THE MEMBRANOUS INTERSPACE WHICH JOINS THE FRONTAL BONE AND THE PARIETAL BONES.

CORONAL SUTURE

MEMBRANE SPACES (SUTURE) connects the occipital bone to the two parietal bones

LAMBOIDAL SUTURE

MEMBRANE – COVERED SPACES AT THE JUNCTION OF THE MAIN SUTURE LINES:

FONTANELLES

FONTANELLES THE LARGER, DIAMOND SHAPED FONTANEL WHICH CLOSES BETWEEN 12 TO 18 MONTHS IN AN INFANT.

ANTERIOR FONTANELLE

FONTANELLES THE SMALLER TRIANGULAR SHAPED FONTANEL WHICH CLOSES BETWEEN 2-3 MONTHS IN THE INFANT. THE SPACE BETWEEN THE TWO FONTANELLES IS REFERRED TO AS THE VERTEX.

POSTERIOR FONTANELLE

THE SHAPE OF THE FETAL SKULL CAUSES IT TO BE WIDER IN ITS ANTEROPOSTERIOR (AP) DIAMETER THAN IN ITS TRANSVERSE DIAMETER.

MEASUREMENTS

1. TRANSVERSE DIAMETER OF THE FETAL SKULL: 9.5 CM

BILATERAL

1. TRANSVERSE DIAMETER OF THE FETAL SKULL: 8 CM

BITEMPORAL

1. TRANSVERSE DIAMETER OF THE FETAL SKULL: 7 CM

BIMASTOID

2. ANTEROPOSTERIOR DIAMETERS - FROM BELOW THE OCCIPUT TO THE CENTER OF THE ANTERIOR FONTANELLE = 9.5 CM (THE NARROWEST AP DIAMETER)

SUBOCCIPITOBREGMATIC

2. ANTEROPOSTERIOR DIAMETERS - FROM THE OCCIPITAL PROMINENCE TO THE BRIDGE OF THE NOSE = 12 CM.

OCCIPITOFRONTAL

2. ANTEROPOSTERIOR DIAMETERS FROM THE POSTERIOR FONTANELLE TO THE CHIN = 13.5 CM (THE WIDEST AP DIAMETER)

OCCIPITOMENTAL

FETAL PRESENTATION AND POSITION: (MOST COMMON) = THE HEAD IS FULLY FLEXED ON THE CHEST MAKING THE PARIETAL BONES OR THE SPACE BETWEEN THE FONTANELLES. THE “_______” THE PRESENTING PART. ALLOWS THE SUBOCCIPITOBREGMATIC DIAMETER TO PRESENT TO THE CERVIX

VERTEX

FETAL PRESENTATION AND POSITION: HEAD IS MODERATELY FLEXED, THE SINCIPUT BECOMES THE PRESENTING PART.

SINCIPUT

FETAL PRESENTATION AND POSITION: THE HEAD IS EXTENDED & THE FACE IS THE PRESENTING PART.( FROM THIS POSITION, EXTREME EDEMA & DISTORTION OF THE FACE MAY OCCUR.

FACE

FETAL PRESENTATION AND POSITION: HEAD IS HYPEREXTENDED TO PRESENT THE CHIN. THE WIDEST DIAMETER (OCCIPITOMENTAL IS PRESENTING). AS A RULE, THE FETUS CANNOT ENTER THE PELVIS IN THIS PRESENTATION.THE PRESENTING DIAMETER, THE OCCIPITOMENTAL IS SO WIDE BIRTH MAY BE IMPOSSIBLE.

MENTUM

describes the degree of flexion or extension a fetus assumes during labor or the relation of the fetal parts to each other

ATTITUDE

REFERS TO THE SETTLING OF THE PRESENTING PART OF THE FETUS FAR ENOUGH INTO THE PELVIS TO BE AT THE LEVEL OF THE ISCHIAL SPINES , A MIDPOINT OF THE PELVIS.

ENGAGEMENT

IN PRIMIPARAS, ENGAGEMENT MAY OR MAY NOT BE PRESENT AT THE BEGINNING OF LABOR. A PRESENTING PART THAT IS NOT ENGAGED IS SAID TO BE “______”

FLOATING

ONE THAT IS DESCENDING BUT HAS NOT YET REACHED THE ISCHIAL SPINES CAN BE SAID TO BE “_______”

DIPPING

The relationship of the presenting part to an imaginary line drawn between the ischial spine (the narrowest diameter through which the fetus must pass to be born vaginally) and the maternal pelvis.

FETAL STATION

FETAL STATION PRESENTING PART IS AT THE LEVEL OF THE ISCHIAL SPINES (SYNONYMOUS WITH ENGAGEMENT)

FETAL STATION PRESENTING PART IS 1CM ABOVE THE ISCHIAL SPINES

-1

FETAL STATION PRESENTING PART IS 1CM BELOW THE ISCHIAL SPINES

FETAL STATION THE PRESENTING PART IS AT THE PERINEUM & CAN BE SEEN IF THE VULVA IS SEPARATED; SYNONYMOUS TO “CROWNING” ( ENCIRCLING OF THE LARGEST DIAMETER OF THE FETAL HEAD BY THE VULVAR RING).

IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LONG AXIS OF THE MOTHER TO THE LONG AXIS OF THE FETAL BODY.

FETAL LIE

2 KINDS OF LIE - LONG AXIS OF THE FETUS IS PARALLEL TO THE LONG AXIS OF THE MOTHER.

LONGITUDINAL

2 KINDS OF LIE LONG AXIS OF THE FETUS IS PERPENDICULAR (RIGHT ANGLE)TO THE LONG AXIS OF THE MOTHER

TRANSVERSE

A. LONGITUDINAL OR VERTICAL LIE: (95%)= MEANS THAT THE HEAD IS THE BODY PART THAT FIRST CONTACTS THE CERVIX. A. VERTEX OR OCCIPUT B. BROW C. FACE D. MENTUM

CEPHALIC PRESENTATION

A. LONGITUDINAL OR VERTICAL LIE: 3% = MEANS THAT EITHER THE BUTTOCKS OR FEET ARE THE FIRST BODY PARTS TO CONTACT THE CERVIX.

BREECH PRESENTATION

FOOT PRESENT AT THE INTROITUS. NEITHER THE THIGHS NOR LOWER LEGS ARE FLEXED.

FOOTLING

PRESENTING PART IS ONE OF THE SHOULDERS ( ACROMIUM PROCESS), A HAND, AN ELBOW, OR AN ILIAC CREST.

TRANSVERSE LIE

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JHAYS · 5問 · 1年前

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