_______ - primary sex organs _______ - in males _______ - in females

GONADS produce ______ (SEX CELLS) and secretes hormones _____ - male _____ - female

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Made up of organs, ducts and glands whose function is to produce _______ and _______

TESTES • Each lobule contains one to four _________ • Tightly coiled structures • Function as sperm-forming factories • Empty sperm into the rete testis • Sperm travels from the rete testis to the epididymis • Interstitial cells in the ____________ produce androgens such as testosterone

➢ Coverings of the testes ➢ __________ - capsule that surrounds each testis

➢ Coverings of the testes ➢ _______ - extensions of the capsule that extend into the testis and divide it into lobules

The ______ transports sperm from the body and includes: • Epididymis • Ductus Deferens • Urethra

PART OF THE DUCT SYSTEM ➢ Highly convoluted tube 6 m (20 ft) long ➢ Found along the posterior lateral side of the testis ➢ First part of the male duct system ➢ Temporary storage site for immature sperm ➢ Sperm mature as they journey through the epididymis ➢ During ejaculation, sperm are propelled to the ductus deferens

PART OF THE DUCT SYSTEM ➢ Runs from the epididymis via the spermatic cord through the inguinal canal and arches over the urinary bladder ➢ ________ - end of the ductus deferens, which empties into the ejaculatory duct ➢ ________ - passes through the prostate to merge with the urethra

PART OF THE DUCT SYSTEM • Extends from the base of the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis • Carries both urine and sperm • Sperm enters from the ejaculatory duct

Duct System : Urethra regions 1. __________ - surrounded by prostate gland 2. __________ - prostatic urethra to penis 3. __________- runs the length of the penis to the external urethral orifice ➢ Ejaculation causes the internal urethra sphincter to close ➢ Prevents urine from passing into the urethra ➢ Prevents sperm from entering the Semen urinary bladder

ACCESSORY GLANDS AND SEMEN ➢ Located at the base of the bladder ➢ Produce a thick, yellowish secretion (60% of semen) that contains: ➢ Fructose (sugar) ➢ Vitamin C ➢ Prostaglandins ➢ Other substances that nourish and activate sperm ➢ Duct of each seminal vesicle joins that of the ductus deferens on each side to form the ejaculatory duct

ACCESSORY GLANDS AND SEMEN ➢ Encircles the upper (prostatic) part of the urethra ➢ Secretes a milky fluid ➢ Helps to activate sperm ➢ Fluid enters the urethra through several small ducts

ACCESSORY GLANDS AND SEMEN ➢ Pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate ➢ Produce a thick, clear mucus ➢ Mucus cleanses the spongy ➢ Mucus serves as a lubricant during sexual intercourse

➢ Mixture of glandular secretions from the prostate and seminal vesicle and spermatozoa from the testes ➢ Volume: 2.5-5 ml ➢ Sperm count- 50-150 million per ml ➢ Average pH = 7.5 ➢ It can live with in the female genital tract for about 24 to 72 hours. ➢ 60-200 million/ml of ejaculation ave. of 400 million/ ejaculation 90 seconds- cervix 5 minutes.- end of fallopian tube

COMPONENTS OF ACCESSORY GLANDS ➢ Liquid portion acts as a transport medium to dilute sperm ➢ Sperm are streamlined cellular ―tadpoles ➢ ________ provides energy for sperm cells ➢ Alkalinity of semen helps neutralize ➢ the acidic environment of vagina ➢ Semen inhibits bacteria

EXTERNAL GENITALIA ➢ Divided sac of skin outside the abdomen that houses the testes ➢ Viable sperm cannot be produced at normal body temperature ➢ Maintains testes at 3°C lower than normal body temperature

➢ Male organ of copulation that delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract ➢ Internally there are three areas of spongy erectile tissue around the urethra ➢ ERECTIONS occur when this erectile tissue fills with blood during sexual excitement

PENIS - Folded cuff of skin around proximal end - Often removed by circumcision

Male Reproductive Functions ➢ Chief roles of the male in the reproductive process ➢ Produce sperm ➢ Produce a _______, _______

————— • Begins at puberty and continues throughout life • Millions of sperm are made every day

SPERMATOGENESIS ➢ Sperm are formed in the ___________ of the testis • Spermatogonia (primitive stem cells) begin the process by dividing rapidly • During puberty, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted in increasing amounts

SPERMATOGENESIS • Gametes are spermatids with — chromosomes • ______ chromosomes are half the usual __ found in other body cells • — is known as the ______ number (n)—half the genetic material as other body cells IT CREATES A _______

➢ Final stage in ________ wherein the spermatids differentiate into mature spermatozoa ➢ Spermatids are nonmotile and not functional as sperm ➢ A streamlining process is needed to strip excess cytoplasm from a spermatid and modify it into a sperm ➢ A sperm has three regions: head, midpiece, tail ➢ Acrosome sits anterior to the sperm head (nucleus) ➢ The entire process of spermatogenesis, including spermiogenesis, takes 64 to 72 days

Testosterone Production During puberty: ➢ begins prodding seminiferous tubules to produce sperm

Testosterone Production During puberty: ➢ begins activating the interstitial cells to produce testosterone

➢ Most important hormonal product of the testes ➢ Stimulates reproductive organ development ➢ Underlies sex drive ➢ Causes secondary sex characteristics ➢ Deepening of voice ➢ Increased hair growth ➢ Enlargement of skeletal muscles ➢ Increased bone growth and density