NERVOUS PART 2

35問 • 1年前

問題一覧

- A bulb-shaped structure found between the pons and the spinal cord containing various nuclei for vital functions. - Involuntary movements - Regulates autonomic, involuntary functions - breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

- Assists in the regulation of skeletal motor movement and spinal reflexes - Filters incoming sensory information to the cerebral cortex. - controls the sleep-wake cycle and consciousness

RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM

Integrates visual and auditory reflexes

MIDBRAIN

vasculature located at base of brain

CIRCLE OF WILLIS

Basilar artery supplies _____

BRAIN STEM AND CEREBELLUM

Consists of all the nerves that connect the brain and the spinal cord with sensory receptors, muscles and glands.

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Convey information from the periphery of the body to the brain and spinal

AFFERENT PNS / SENSORY NEURONS

Convey information from the CNS to the muscles and glands

EFFERENT PNS / MOTOR NEURONS

If it both contains a sensory and motor fibers

MIXED NERVE

Number of pairs of cranial nerves that originate from the brain and brain stem

- Originate at the spinal cord and connected to a specific segment of the spinal cord. - Each pair of spinal nerves is connected to a segment of the cord by two pairs of attachments called ROOTS.

SPINAL NERVES

- the sensory root and contains sensory nerves only. - Conducts impulses from the periphery to the spinal cord.

The posterior, or dorsal root

- the motor root and contains motor nerves only. - Conducts impulses from the spinal cord to the periphery.

The anterior, or ventral root

Number of pairs of spinal nerves, and all are mixed nerves

NERVE stimulates the diaphragm.

Phrenic Nerve

NERVE stimulates the wrist and hand. Impairment may result to wrist drop

Radial Nerve

NERVE stimulates the hip and leg

Femoral Nerve

NERVE - largest spinal nerve - passes through the gluteus maximus and down the back of the thigh and leg - it extends the hip and flexes the knee

Sciatic Nerve

SPINAL NERVE PLEXUS Location: C1-C4 Function: supply motor movement to muscles of neck and shoulders and receives messages from these areas.

CERVICAL PLEXUS

SPINAL NERVE PLEXUS Location: C5-C8, T1 Function: supplies motor movement to shoulder, wrist and hand and receive messages from these areas.

BRACHIAL PLEXUS

SPINAL NERVE PLEXUS Location: T12, L1-L4 Function: supplies motor movement to buttocks, anterior leg and thighs and receives messages from these areas.

LUMBAR PLEXUS

SPINAL NERVE PLEXUS Location: L4-L5, S1-S2 Function: supplies motor movement to posterior leg and thighs and receives messages from these areas.

SACRAL PLEXUS

• Includes nerves, and plexuses which carry impulses to smooth muscles, secretory glands and heart muscles. • Regulates activities of the visceral organs - heart and blood - vessels - respiratory - organs - alimentary - canal - kidney - urinary - bladder - and - reproductive organs

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS

○ “flight or flight” response ○ Catecholamines

Sympathetic Nervous System(SNS)/Anticholinergic/ Adrenergic

○ “rest and digest”/ “house-keeping” response ○ Acetylcholine

Parasympathetic Nervous System(PNS)/Cholinergic

Everything is high and fast except GI and GU.

Sympathetic

Everything is low and slow, except GI and GU.”

Parasympathetic

- rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli

REFLEX

direct route from a sensory neuron, to an interneuron, to an effector

REFLEX ARC

● Slight or mild brain injury ● Bleeding & tearing of nerve fibers happened ● Recovery likely with some memory loss

CONCUSSION

● A more severe TBI ● Nervous tissue destruction occurs ● Nervous tissue does not regenerate

CONTUSION

● Swelling from the inflammatory response ● May compress and kill brain tissue

CEREBRAL EDEMA

Collection of blood below the dura

SUBDURAL HEMATOMA

● Commonly called a stroke ● The result of a ruptured blood EYES vessel supplying a region of the brain ● Brain tissue supplied with oxygen from that blood source dies ● Loss of some functions or death may result

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

● Progressive degenerative brain disease ● Mostly seen in the elderly, but may begin in middle age Parts: ● Structural changes in the brain include abnormal protein deposits and twisted fibers within neurons ● Victims experience memory loss, irritability, confusion and ultimately, hallucinations and death

ALZHEIMERS DISEASE

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JHAYS · 5問 · 1年前

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