VITAMINS

57問 • 1年前

JHAYS

通報

問題一覧

Vitamins are ______

COFACTORS

Needed in small amounts

MICROGRAM TO MILLIGRAM

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS

VITAMIN C, THIAMINE, RIBOFLAVIN, NIACIN, PANTOTHENIC ACID, VITAMIN B6, BIOTIN, FOLATE, VITAMIN B12

FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS

VITAMIN A, VITAMIN D, VITAMIN E, VITAMIN K

THERE ARE ___ KNOWN VITAMINS

LAST TO BE DISCOVERED VITAMIN WAS

FOLATE

directly into the blood

water-soluble vitamins

travel without carriers

water-soluble vitamins

circulate in the water-filled parts of the body

water-soluble vitamins

kidneys remove excess in urine

water-soluble vitamins

not likely to reach toxic levels when consumed from supplements

water-soluble vitamins

needed in frequent doses

water-soluble vitamins

function as coenzymes

water-soluble vitamins

first enter into the lymph system

fat-soluble vitamins

many require protein carriers

fat-soluble vitamins

found in the cells associated with fat

fat-soluble vitamins

tend to remain in fat-storage sites

fat-soluble vitamins

likely to reach toxic levels when consumed from supplements

fat-soluble vitamins

needed in periodic doses

fat-soluble vitamins

do not function as coenzymes

fat-soluble vitamins

plays an essential role in metabolism by helping convert nutrients into energy. The richest food sources include pork, sunflower seeds, and wheat germ.

THIAMINE

helps convert food into energy and also acts as an antioxidant. Foods highest in it include organ meats, beef, and mushrooms.

RIBOFLAVIN

plays a role in cellular signaling, metabolism and DNA production and repair. Food sources include chicken, tuna and lentils.

NIACIN

Like other B vitamins, it helps your body obtain energy from food and is also involved in hormone and cholesterol production. Liver, fish, yogurt, and avocado are all good sources.

PANTOTHENIC ACID

is involved in amino acid metabolism, red blood cell production and the cre on of neurotransmitters. Foods highest in this vitamin include chickpeas, salmon and potatoes.

PYRIDOXINE

is essential for carbohydrate and fat metabolism and regulates gene expression. Yeast, eggs, salmon, cheese, and liver are among the best food sources of it.

BIOTIN

is needed for cell growth, amino acid metabolism, the formation of red and white blood cells and proper cell division. It can be found in foods like leafy greens, liver, and beans or in supplements

FOLATE

Perhaps the most well-known of all the B vitamins, it is vital for neurological function, DNA production, and red blood cell development. Found naturally in animal sources like meats, eggs, seafood, and dairy

COBALAMIN

Whole grains such as cereals and breads top the list, although we can enrich our bodies by eating products such as propolis, bee pollen, and raw unprocessed honey. Eating a well-rounded diet of fresh fruit and vegetables also helps supply us with this, as do a wide variety of herbals to include cloves, thyme, sage, ginger, spearmint, jojoba, hawthorne, and blessed thistle

- whole grains, nuts, and legumes - effective in treating psychological conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder, and panic disorder, is its ability to influence how much serotonin is available to be supplied to nerves in the brain

- an anti-allergen for the skin, alleviating rheumatic fever, and as an anti-aging agent working to eliminate lines, wrinkles, and dark spots. - Green leafy vegetables, whole grains, molasses, mushrooms, wheat germ, and eggs.

B10

- works in tandem with B12 to contribute to the formation of DNA and RNA - essential to the formation and growth of body tissues as well as the fetus's brains and spinal cord during embryogenesis as an ingredient in some anti-acne creams, and benefiting in the treatment of foot related issues like psoriasis, corns, calluses, and numerous other skin afflictions. - Egg yolk, liver, meat and poultry, organs, potatoes, and green leafy vegetables such as spinach.

B11

- Has the simplest structure - Humans cannot synthesize it so it must be obtained from the diet - 100mg/day saturates all body tissue with the compound - All additional vitamin that was not used are readily excreted in the urine - Needs iron for faster absorption

VITAMIN C

FUNCTION • Collagen synthesis - skin, tendons, ligaments,; matrix for bones and teeth • General antioxidant - "recharging" spent enzymes - Iron, vitamin E, niacin - Used as food preservative • Synthesis of neurotransmitters - Synthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine from tyrosine - Serotonin from tryptophan

VITAMIN C

Dietary intake provides a person with both preformed and precursor form • Egg yolk, dairy products • Beta carotene- red orange pigment • Carrots, squash, cantaloupe, apricots, yellow vegetables and fruits, leafy green vegetables

VITAMIN A

FUNCTIONS • Vision - In the eyes, combines with the protein opsin to form the visual pigment rhodopsin - Rhodopsin participates in the conversion of light energy into nerve impulses to be be sent to the brain

VITAMIN A

FUNCTIONS • Regulating cell differentiation - Process whereby immature cells change in structure and function to become specialized cells - binds to protein receptors and these complexes then bind to regulatory regions of DNA molecules

VITAMIN A

FUNCTIONS • Maintenance of the health of epithelial tissues - Covering - lining to internal cavities and tubes - Lack of vitamin causes these surfaces to become drier and harder than normal

VITAMIN A

FUNCTIONS • Reproduction and Growth - Participates in sperm development - Normal fetal growth and development

VITAMIN A

- Has several forms - ________ is the term used for Vitamin D - Most important are Vitamin D2 (__________) and D3 (__________) - Sources: - Plant origin (D2) - Animal origin (D3) - D3 can be made within our body

CALCIFEROL, ERGOCALCIFEROL, CHOLECALCIFEROL

Sources of __________ - Liver - Fatty fish (salmon) - Egg yolks - Fortified foods - Milk - Margarine - Breakfast cereals

VITAMIN D

VITAMIN ___ is more potent than ___ and less expensive to manufacturate

D3, D2

FUNCTIONS - Maintain normal blood levels of calcium ion and phosphate ion for bone absorption - Stimulates absorption of these ions from the GI tract - Aids in their retention by the kidneys - Triggers the deposition of calcium salts into the organic matrix of bones by activating the biosynthesis of calcium-binding proteins

VITAMIN D

- Four forms - Alpha, beta, delta, gamma tocopherol - Tocopherol form with the greatest biochemical activity is alpha tocopherol

VITAMIN E

Sources - Vegetable oils - Nuts - Seeds - Margarine - Salad dressings - Spinach - broccoli - It is easily destroyed by exposure to excessive heat (deep frying)

VITAMIN E

FUNCTIONS • Antioxidant - A compound that protects other compounds from oxidation by being oxidized itself - Giving up the hydrogen present on its -OH group to oxygen containing free radicals - Reaction with vitamin C restores the hydrogen lost - Prevents oxidation of PUFA in membrane lipids - Protects Vitamin A from oxidation

VITAMIN E

FUNCTIONS • Exerts its antioxidant effect in the LUNGS where exposure to oxygen and air pollutants is greates

VITAMIN E

• Premature infants do not have a lot of vitamin __ which is passed from the mother only during the last weeks of pregnancy - Vitamin ___ along with oxygen is administered to give antioxidant protection to prevent respiratory distress

VITAMIN E

FUNCTIONS has also been found to be involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin

VITAMIN E

• Found in animals and humans • Can be synthesized by bacteria including those found in the human intestinal tract • Half is supplied in the diet

VITAMIN K

• Green, leafy vegetables are the only rich source of vitamin __ - Spinach - Cabbage • In lesser amount - Peas, tomatoes, liver

VITAMIN K

FUNCTIONS • is essential in the blood clotting process - Essential for the formation of prothrombin and 5 other proteins involved in the regulation of blood clotting - Sometimes given to presurgical patients to ensure adequate prothrombin levels and to prevent hemorrhaging

VITAMIN K

FUNCTIONS • Required for the biosynthesis of several other proteins found in the plasma, bone, and kidney

PHYLLOQUINONE

VITAMIN A AKA

RETINOL

VITAMIN D AKA

CALCIFEROL

VITAMIN E AKA

TOCOPHEROL

VITAMIN K AKA

PHYLLOQUINONE

HCI

HCI

TERMS

TERMS

HEALTH DEF

HEALTH DEF

ANAPHY PRELIMS REVIEW

JHAYS · 43問 · 1年前

ANAPHY PRELIMS REVIEW

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

BIOCHEM

BIOCHEM

SKELETAL SYSTEM

SKELETAL SYSTEM

joints

joints

muscle and joint movements

JHAYS · 17問 · 1年前

muscle and joint movements

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

LIPIDS

LIPIDS

NEUROTRANSMITTER

NEUROTRANSMITTER

NERVOUS

NERVOUS

NERVOUS PART 2

NERVOUS PART 2

SPECIAL SENSES

SPECIAL SENSES

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

問題一覧

Vitamins are ______

COFACTORS

Needed in small amounts

MICROGRAM TO MILLIGRAM

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS

VITAMIN C, THIAMINE, RIBOFLAVIN, NIACIN, PANTOTHENIC ACID, VITAMIN B6, BIOTIN, FOLATE, VITAMIN B12

FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS

VITAMIN A, VITAMIN D, VITAMIN E, VITAMIN K

THERE ARE ___ KNOWN VITAMINS

LAST TO BE DISCOVERED VITAMIN WAS

FOLATE

directly into the blood

water-soluble vitamins

travel without carriers

water-soluble vitamins

circulate in the water-filled parts of the body

water-soluble vitamins

kidneys remove excess in urine

water-soluble vitamins

not likely to reach toxic levels when consumed from supplements

water-soluble vitamins

needed in frequent doses

water-soluble vitamins

function as coenzymes

water-soluble vitamins

first enter into the lymph system

fat-soluble vitamins

many require protein carriers

fat-soluble vitamins

found in the cells associated with fat

fat-soluble vitamins

tend to remain in fat-storage sites

fat-soluble vitamins

likely to reach toxic levels when consumed from supplements

fat-soluble vitamins

needed in periodic doses

fat-soluble vitamins

do not function as coenzymes

fat-soluble vitamins

plays an essential role in metabolism by helping convert nutrients into energy. The richest food sources include pork, sunflower seeds, and wheat germ.

THIAMINE

helps convert food into energy and also acts as an antioxidant. Foods highest in it include organ meats, beef, and mushrooms.

RIBOFLAVIN

plays a role in cellular signaling, metabolism and DNA production and repair. Food sources include chicken, tuna and lentils.

NIACIN

Like other B vitamins, it helps your body obtain energy from food and is also involved in hormone and cholesterol production. Liver, fish, yogurt, and avocado are all good sources.

PANTOTHENIC ACID

is involved in amino acid metabolism, red blood cell production and the cre on of neurotransmitters. Foods highest in this vitamin include chickpeas, salmon and potatoes.

PYRIDOXINE

is essential for carbohydrate and fat metabolism and regulates gene expression. Yeast, eggs, salmon, cheese, and liver are among the best food sources of it.

BIOTIN

is needed for cell growth, amino acid metabolism, the formation of red and white blood cells and proper cell division. It can be found in foods like leafy greens, liver, and beans or in supplements

FOLATE

COBALAMIN

B10

B11

VITAMIN C

VITAMIN A

FUNCTIONS • Maintenance of the health of epithelial tissues - Covering - lining to internal cavities and tubes - Lack of vitamin causes these surfaces to become drier and harder than normal

VITAMIN A

FUNCTIONS • Reproduction and Growth - Participates in sperm development - Normal fetal growth and development

VITAMIN A

CALCIFEROL, ERGOCALCIFEROL, CHOLECALCIFEROL

Sources of __________ - Liver - Fatty fish (salmon) - Egg yolks - Fortified foods - Milk - Margarine - Breakfast cereals

VITAMIN D

VITAMIN ___ is more potent than ___ and less expensive to manufacturate

D3, D2

VITAMIN D

- Four forms - Alpha, beta, delta, gamma tocopherol - Tocopherol form with the greatest biochemical activity is alpha tocopherol

VITAMIN E

Sources - Vegetable oils - Nuts - Seeds - Margarine - Salad dressings - Spinach - broccoli - It is easily destroyed by exposure to excessive heat (deep frying)

VITAMIN E

FUNCTIONS • Exerts its antioxidant effect in the LUNGS where exposure to oxygen and air pollutants is greates

VITAMIN E

FUNCTIONS has also been found to be involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin

VITAMIN E

• Found in animals and humans • Can be synthesized by bacteria including those found in the human intestinal tract • Half is supplied in the diet

VITAMIN K

• Green, leafy vegetables are the only rich source of vitamin __ - Spinach - Cabbage • In lesser amount - Peas, tomatoes, liver

VITAMIN K

FUNCTIONS • Required for the biosynthesis of several other proteins found in the plasma, bone, and kidney

PHYLLOQUINONE

VITAMIN A AKA

RETINOL

VITAMIN D AKA

CALCIFEROL

VITAMIN E AKA

TOCOPHEROL

VITAMIN K AKA

PHYLLOQUINONE