INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

75問 • 1年前

JHAYS

通報

問題一覧

MADE OF SKIN

CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE

SKIN DERIVATIVES (4)

SWEAT GLANDS, OIL GLANDS, HAIR, NAILS

2 REGIONS OF SKIN

EPIDERMIS, DERMIS

OUTER LAYER, STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM, KERATINIZED, AVASCULAR

EPIDERMIS

DENSE, AVASCULAR

DERMIS

SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE AND DEEP TO DERMIS - NOT TECHNICALLY PART OF THE SKIN - ANCHORS TO UNDELYING SKIN ORGANS - COMPOSED MOSTLY OF ADIPOSE TISSUE

HYPODERMIS

5 LAYERS OF EPIDERMIS (DEEPEST TO OUTERMOST LAYER)

STRATUM BASALE (GERMINATIVUM) STRATUM SPINOSUM (PRICKY LAYER) STRATUM GRANULOSUM (GRANULAR LAYER) STRATUM LUCIDUM (CLEAR LAYER) STRATUM CORNEUM (HORNY LAYER)

-DEEPEST LAYER OF EPIDERMIS -LIES NEXT TO DERMIS -CELL UNDERGOING MITOSIS

STRATUM BASALE

-SEVERAL LAYERS ARE THICK -CONTAIN WEBLIKE SYSTEM OF INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

STRATUM SPINOSUM

-4-6 LAYERS THICK -ACCUMULATES 2 TYPE OF GRANULES 1. ______ - HELP TO FORM KERATIN IN THE UPPER LAYER 2. ______ - CONTAIN WATER RESISTANT GLYCOLIPID FOR SLOWING WATERLOSS ACCROSS THE EPIDERMIS ADDITIONAL QUESTION: WHAT IS THE 2 TYPES OF GRANULES

STRATUM GRANULOSUM, KERATOHYLINE GRANULES, LAMELLAR GRANULES

- FORMED FROM DEAD CELLS OF THE DEEPER STRATA - OCCURS ONLY IN THICK, HAIRLESS SKIN OF THE PALMS OF HAND AND SOLES OF FEET

STRATUM LUCIDUM

-OUTERMOST LAYER OF EPIDERMIS -SHINGLE-LIKE DEAD CELLS ARE FILLED WITH KERATIN (protective protein prevents water loss from skin)

STRATUM CORNEUM

• PRODUCED KERATIN, FIBROUS PROTEIN THAT HELP GIVE EPIDERMIS ITS PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES • ARISE IN THE DEEPES PART OF EPIDERMIS, STRATUM BASALE

KERATINOCYTES

• SPIDER-SHAPED EPITHELIAL CELLS • SYNTHESIZED MELANIN PIGMENT • FOUND IN THE DEEPES PART OF THE EPIDERMIS

MELANOCYTES

“LANGERHANS” • ARISE FROM BONE MARROW AND MIGRATE TO EPIDERMIS • INGEST FOREIGN SUBSTANCE • KEY ACTIVATORS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM

DENDRITIC CELLS

“MERKEL” • FUNCTION AS SENSORY RECEPTOR FOR TOUCH

TACTILE CELLS

OTHER TERM FOR “DENDRITIC CELLS”

LANGERHANS

OTHER TERM FOR “TACTILE CELLS”

MERKEL

2 LAYERS OF DERMIS

PAPILLARY LAYER, RETICULAR LAYER

- AEROLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE - COLLAGEN AND ELASTIC FIBERS FROM LOOSELY WOVEN MAT - PROJECTION CALLED DERMAL PAPILLAE - SOME CONTAIN CAPILLARY LOOPS - OTHER HOUSE PAIN RECEPTOR AND TOUCH RECEPTOR CALLED TACTILE OR MEISSNER’S CORPUSCLES

PAPILLARY LAYER

- 80% OF THE THICKNESS OF THE DERMIS - DENSE FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE - CLEAVAGE (TENSION LINES) - FLEXURE LINES

RETICULAR LAYER

3 NORMAL SKIN COLOR DETERMINANTS

MELANIN, CAROTENE, HEMOGLOBIN

- POLYMER MADE OF TYROSINE AMINO ACIDS - YELLOW, BROWN, OR BLACK PIGMENTS

MELANIN

- ORANGE - YELLOW PIGMENT FROM SOME VEGETABLES - ACCUMULATES IN THE STRATUM CORNEUM AND IN FATTY TISSUE OF THE HYPODERMIS

CAROTENE

- RED CORING FROM BLOOD CELLS IN DERMAL CAPILLARIES - OXYGEN CONTENT DETERMINES THE EXTENT OF RED COLORING

HEMOGLOBIN

ALTERATION IN THE SKIN COLOR - DUE TO EMBARASSMENT, INFLAMMATION, HYPERTENSION, FEVER, OR ALLERGY

REDNESS

ALTERATION IN THE SKIN COLOR - DUE TO EMOTIONAL STEESS, SUCH AS FEAR, ANEMIA, LOW BLOOD PRESSURE, IMPAIRED BLOOD FLOW TO AN AREA

PALLOR

ALTERATION IN THE SKIN COLOR - LIVER DISORDER

JAUNDICE

ALTERATION IN THE SKIN COLOR - ADDISON’S DISEASE

BRONZING

ALTERATIONS IN SKIN COLOR - HEMATOMAS

BRUISES

SKIN APPENDAGES (4)

SEBACEOUS GLANDS, SWEAT GLANDS, HAIR, HAIR FOLLICLES, NAILS

APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN - PRODUCE OIL (SEBUM), ACCUMULATED LIPIS AND CELL FRAGMENTS - LUBRICANT FOR SKIN - PREVENTS BRITTLE HAIR - KILLS BACTERIA - MOST HAVE DUCTS THAT EMPTY INTO HAIR FOLLICLES; OTHERS OPEN DIRECTLY ONTO SKIN SURFACE

OIL GLANDS

APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN - PRODUCE SWEAT - WIDELY DISTRIBUTED EXCEPT NIPPLES AND PARTS OF EXTERNAL GENETALIA - HAS 2 TYPES; ECCRINE AND APOCRINE

SWEAT GLANDS

2 TYPES OF SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS

ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS APOCRINE SWEAT GLANDS

SWEAT (SUDORIFEROUS) GLANDS - NUMEROUS AND ABUNDANT IN THE PALMS, SOLES OF THE FEET AND FOREHEAD - OPEN VIA DUCT TO PORE SKIN SURFACE - PRODUCE SWEAT (CLEAR)

EXCCRINE SWEAT GLANDS

SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS - APPROX. 2,000 ARE LARGELY CONFINED TO THE AXILLARY AND ANOGENITAL AREAS - RELEASE SWEAT THAT ALSO CONTAINS FATTY ACIDS AND PROTEINS (YELLOWISH OR MILKY COLOR)

APOCRINE SWEAT GLANDS

APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN - PRODUCED BY HAIR FOLLICLE - CONSIST OF HARD KERATINIED EPITHELIAL CELLS - MELANOCYTES PROVIDE PIGMENT OF HAIR COLOR - HAIR GROWS IN MATRIX OF THE HAIR BULB IN STRATUM BASALE

HAIR

HAIR ANATOMY ( INNER TO OUTER) 1. 2. 3.

MEDULLA CORTEX CUTICLE

ASSOCIATED HAIR STRUCTURES - DERMAL AND EPIDERMAL SHEATH SURROUND HAIR ROOTH

HAIR FOLLICLE

ASSOCIATED HAIR STRUCTURES - NIPPLE-LIKE BIT OF DERMAL TISSUE, PROTRUDES INTO THE HAIR BULB - CONTAINS KNOT OF CAPILLARIES THAT SUPPLIES NUTRIENTS TO THE GROWING HAIR AND SIGNAL TO GROW

HAIR PAPILLA

ASSOCIATED HAIR STRUCTURE - SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS - PULLS HAIR UPRIGHT WHEN COLD OR FRIGTHENED - IMPORTANT ROLE: CONTRACTIONS FORCE SEBUM OUT OF THE HAIR FOLLICLES TO THE SKIN SURFACE WHERE IT ACTS AS SKIN LUBRICANT

ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE

APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN - SCALE LIKE MODIFICATION OF THE EPIDERMIS - HEAVILY KERATINIZED - STRATUM BASALE EXTENDS BENEATH THE NAIL BED - RESPONSIBLE FOR GROWTH - LACK OF PIGMENT MAKES THEM COLORLESS

NAILS

SKIN FUNCTIONS

PROTECTION BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION CUTANEOUS SENSATION METABOLIC FUNCTION BLOOD RESERVOIR EXCRETION

HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCE - TISSUE DAMAGE AND CELL DEATH CAUSED BY HEAT, ELECTRICITY, UV RADIATIONS OR CHEMICALS

BURNS

WAY TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT OF BURNS

RULE OF NINES

SEVERITY OF BURNS - ONLY EPIDERMIS IS DAMAGED - SKIN IS RED AND SWOLLEN

FIRST DEGREE BURNS

SEVERITY OF BURNS - EPIDERMIS AND UPPER DERMIS ARE DAMAGED - SKIN IS RED WITH BLISTERS

SECOND DEGREE BURNS

SEVERITY OF BURNS - DESTROY ENTIRE SKIN LAYER; BURNED AREA IS PAINLESS - BURN IS GRAY-WHITE, CHERRY RED OR BLACKENED - LITTLE OR NO EDEMA

THIRD DEGREE BURNS

ABNORMAL CELL MASS

CANCER

CANCER CLASSIFIED IN 2 WAYS - DOES NOT SPREAD (ENCAPSULATED)

BENIGN

CANCER CLASSIFIED IN 2 WAYS - MESTASIZED (MOVE) TO OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY

MALIGNANT

MOST COMMON TYPE OF CANCER

SKIN CANCER

DETECTION OF MALIGNANT MELANOMA

ABCD RULE

WHAT IS ABCD RULES STANDS FOR

ASYMMETRY, BORDER IRREGULARITY, COLOR, DIAMETER

- FRICTION, BURN OR PATHOLOGY - SEPARATION BETWEEN EPIDERMIS AND DERMIS FILLED WITH FLUID

BLISTER

- OVERGROWTH OF EPIDERMIS - OVERTIME - PROTECTION

CALLOUS

WHERE DOES HAIR GROWS??

HAIR FOLLICLE

2 HAIR ACCECORIES

ARECTOR PILI MUSCLES SEBACEOUS GLANDS

HAIR - ANAGEN PHASE - MAY LAST UP TO 6 YEARS FOR SCALP HAIR

GROWTH

HAIR - RESTING PHASE - LAST UP TO 4 MONTHS AND DURING THIS PHASE HAIR SHEDS FROM THE BODY

TELOGEN

SHAPE OF FOLLICLES CURLY HAIR

OVAL

SHAPE OF FOLLICLES - WAVY HAIR

C SHAPE

SHAPE OF FOLLICLES - STRAIGHT HAIR

ROUND

2 TYPES OF EXTERORECEPTORS

ENCAPSULATED NERVE ENDINGS, FREE NERVE ENDINGS

CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR - VIBRATION - DEEP PRESSURE - LIGHT TOUCH

ENCAPSULATED NERVE ENDINGS

CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR - PAIN - TEMPERATURE - PRESSURE - STRETCH - TOUCH

FREE NERVE ENDINGS

CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR - END OF THE NERVE IS WRAPPED IN A THIN LAYER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

ENCAPSULATED NERVE ENDINGS

(ENCAPSULATED NERVE ENDINGS) MECHANORECEPTORS - JUST BENEATH EPIDERMIS - LIGHT TOUCH

MEISSNER’S CORPUSCLES

(ENCAPSULATED NERVE ENDINGS) MECHANORECEPTORS - DEEP IN DERMIS - VIBRATION, PRESSURE

PACINIAN CORPUSCLES

(ENCAPSULATED NERVE ENDINGS) MECHANORECEPTORS - DERMIS AND SUB-Q - SKIN STRETCH, FINGER POSITION

RUFFINI CORPUSCLES

CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR - NAKED NERVE ENDINGS SENSORY NEURONS - FOUND EVERYWHERE IN THE BODY (MANY IN CONNECTIVE, EPITHELIAL TISSUE)

FREE NERVE ENDINGS

(FREE NERVE ENDINGS) - PAIN

NOCICEPTORS

(FREE NERVE ENDINGS) - COLD/HEAT

THERMOMERECEPTORS

(FREE NERVE ENDINGS) - MECHANORECEPTORS - DEEP IN EPIDERMIS - LIGHT TOUCH RECEPTOR

MERKEL DISCS

(FREE NERVE ENDINGS) - MECHANIRECEPTORS - WRAP AROUND HAIR FOLLICLES - DETECT BENDING OF HAIR

HAIR FOLLICLE RECEPTORS

HCI

HCI

TERMS

TERMS

HEALTH DEF

HEALTH DEF

ANAPHY PRELIMS REVIEW

JHAYS · 43問 · 1年前

ANAPHY PRELIMS REVIEW

BIOCHEM

BIOCHEM

SKELETAL SYSTEM

SKELETAL SYSTEM

joints

joints

muscle and joint movements

JHAYS · 17問 · 1年前

muscle and joint movements

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

LIPIDS

LIPIDS

NEUROTRANSMITTER

NEUROTRANSMITTER

NERVOUS

NERVOUS

NERVOUS PART 2

NERVOUS PART 2

SPECIAL SENSES

SPECIAL SENSES

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

THEORIST

THEORIST

THEORIST BASICS

THEORIST BASICS

CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM

JHAYS · 46問 · 1年前

CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM

LIPIDS METABOLISM

LIPIDS METABOLISM

REVALIDA (BIOGRAPHY)

REVALIDA (BIOGRAPHY)

REVALIDA (THEORY)

REVALIDA (THEORY)

REVALIDA - METAPARADIGM (NURSING)

JHAYS · 7問 · 1年前

REVALIDA - METAPARADIGM (NURSING)

7問 • 1年前

JHAYS

REVALIDA - METAPARADIGM (HEALTH)

JHAYS · 7問 · 1年前

REVALIDA - METAPARADIGM (HEALTH)

7問 • 1年前

JHAYS

REVALIDA - METAPARADIGM (ENVIRONMENT)

JHAYS · 7問 · 1年前

REVALIDA - METAPARADIGM (ENVIRONMENT)

7問 • 1年前

JHAYS

REVALIDA - METAPARADIGM (NURSING)

JHAYS · 7問 · 1年前

REVALIDA - METAPARADIGM (NURSING)

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

CARDIO

CARDIO

VASCULAR

VASCULAR

REPRODUCTIVE - MALE

REPRODUCTIVE - MALE

REPRODUCTIVE - FEMALE

JHAYS · 66問 · 1年前

REPRODUCTIVE - FEMALE

TFN FINALS

TFN FINALS

VITAMINS (AKA)

VITAMINS (AKA)

VITAMINS

VITAMINS

ENZYME

ENZYME

NUCLEIC ACID

NUCLEIC ACID

INTRO TO MICROBIOLOGY (MICROPARA LEC/LAB)

JHAYS · 24問 · 1年前

INTRO TO MICROBIOLOGY (MICROPARA LEC/LAB)

24問 • 1年前

JHAYS

MICROSCOPY (MICROPARA LEC/LAB)

JHAYS · 27問 · 1年前

MICROSCOPY (MICROPARA LEC/LAB)

27問 • 1年前

JHAYS

STAINING (MICROPARA LEC/LAB)

JHAYS · 31問 · 1年前

STAINING (MICROPARA LEC/LAB)

31問 • 1年前

JHAYS

NURSING AS A PROFESSION (FUNDA LEC)

JHAYS · 22問 · 1年前

NURSING AS A PROFESSION (FUNDA LEC)

22問 • 1年前

JHAYS

DIFFERENT WARDS IN HOSPITAL (FUNDA LAB)

JHAYS · 35問 · 1年前

DIFFERENT WARDS IN HOSPITAL (FUNDA LAB)

35問 • 1年前

JHAYS

CHAIN OF INFECTION (FUNDA LAB)

JHAYS · 26問 · 1年前

CHAIN OF INFECTION (FUNDA LAB)

26問 • 1年前

JHAYS

INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH ASSESSMENT (HA LEC)

JHAYS · 16問 · 1年前

INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH ASSESSMENT (HA LEC)

HEALTH EDUC

HEALTH EDUC

ETHICS

ETHICS

CULTURE IN MORAL BEHAVIOR

JHAYS · 35問 · 1年前

CULTURE IN MORAL BEHAVIOR

35問 • 1年前

JHAYS

GROWTH OF PROFESSIONALISM - FUNDA LEC

JHAYS · 30問 · 1年前

GROWTH OF PROFESSIONALISM - FUNDA LEC

30問 • 1年前

JHAYS

HISTORY OF NURSING IN THE WORLD - FUNDA LEC

JHAYS · 85問 · 1年前

HISTORY OF NURSING IN THE WORLD - FUNDA LEC

85問 • 1年前

JHAYS

DIFFERENT FIELDS OF NURSING - FUNDA LEC

JHAYS · 11問 · 1年前

DIFFERENT FIELDS OF NURSING - FUNDA LEC

11問 • 1年前

JHAYS

BODY MECHANICS - FUNDA RLE

JHAYS · 7問 · 1年前

BODY MECHANICS - FUNDA RLE

BED BATH - FUNDA RLE

BED BATH - FUNDA RLE

BED MAKING - RLE

BED MAKING - RLE

HISTORY TAKING - HA

HISTORY TAKING - HA

GENERAL SUVEY - HA

GENERAL SUVEY - HA

METHODS OF EXAMINING - HA

JHAYS · 19問 · 1年前

METHODS OF EXAMINING - HA

SKIN ASSESSMENT - HA

SKIN ASSESSMENT - HA

EYE ASSESSMENT - HA

EYE ASSESSMENT - HA

PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS (MICROPARA)

JHAYS · 44問 · 1年前

PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS (MICROPARA)

44問 • 1年前

JHAYS

BACTERIAL GROWTH REQUIREMENTS - MICROPARA

JHAYS · 22問 · 1年前

BACTERIAL GROWTH REQUIREMENTS - MICROPARA

22問 • 1年前

JHAYS

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY- MICROPARA

JHAYS · 28問 · 1年前

BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY- MICROPARA

28問 • 1年前

JHAYS

HOST RESPONSE TO INFECTION - MICROPARA

JHAYS · 32問 · 1年前

HOST RESPONSE TO INFECTION - MICROPARA

Communication skills

Communication skills

NURSING PROCESS

NURSING PROCESS

Guidelines for Nursing Diagnosis

JHAYS · 28問 · 12ヶ月前

Guidelines for Nursing Diagnosis

TERMS

TERMS

CLASSIFICATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES - MICROPARA

JHAYS · 11問 · 12ヶ月前

CLASSIFICATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES - MICROPARA

11問 • 12ヶ月前

JHAYS

BACTERIA AND DISEASE - MICROPARA

JHAYS · 48問 · 12ヶ月前

BACTERIA AND DISEASE - MICROPARA

48問 • 12ヶ月前

JHAYS

EXOTOXIN VS. ENDOTOXIN

JHAYS · 28問 · 12ヶ月前

EXOTOXIN VS. ENDOTOXIN

INTRO TO PARA

INTRO TO PARA

HEALTH TEACHING PLAN

HEALTH TEACHING PLAN

DIFFERENT TRADITIONAL TEACHING STRATEGIES

JHAYS · 20問 · 12ヶ月前

DIFFERENT TRADITIONAL TEACHING STRATEGIES

20問 • 12ヶ月前

JHAYS

TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS

JHAYS · 17問 · 12ヶ月前

TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS

CARDIOVASCULAR

CARDIOVASCULAR

ABDOMINAL

ABDOMINAL

BACTERIAL INFECTION (PATHOGEN)

JHAYS · 48問 · 10ヶ月前

BACTERIAL INFECTION (PATHOGEN)

BACTERIAL INFECTION

BACTERIAL INFECTION

COMMON PARASITIC INFECTION

JHAYS · 42問 · 10ヶ月前

COMMON PARASITIC INFECTION

MYCOLOGY

MYCOLOGY

DOCUMENTATION

DOCUMENTATION

Health and Illness

Health and Illness

LOSS AND GRIEF

LOSS AND GRIEF

BACK CARE AND MASSAGE

JHAYS · 8問 · 10ヶ月前

BACK CARE AND MASSAGE

PATIENT POSITIONING

PATIENT POSITIONING

SUPPORT DEVICES

SUPPORT DEVICES

VACCINE

VACCINE

NUDIET TERMINILOGIES

NUDIET TERMINILOGIES

NUTRITION

NUTRITION

1. ANATOMY & PHYSIO

1. ANATOMY & PHYSIO

2. FETAL DEVELOPMENT

2. FETAL DEVELOPMENT

TERMS TO REMEMBER

TERMS TO REMEMBER

PHARMACOLOGY

PHARMACOLOGY

3. MAMMARY GLANDS

3. MAMMARY GLANDS

問題一覧

MADE OF SKIN

CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE

SKIN DERIVATIVES (4)

SWEAT GLANDS, OIL GLANDS, HAIR, NAILS

2 REGIONS OF SKIN

EPIDERMIS, DERMIS

OUTER LAYER, STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM, KERATINIZED, AVASCULAR

EPIDERMIS

DENSE, AVASCULAR

DERMIS

SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE AND DEEP TO DERMIS - NOT TECHNICALLY PART OF THE SKIN - ANCHORS TO UNDELYING SKIN ORGANS - COMPOSED MOSTLY OF ADIPOSE TISSUE

HYPODERMIS

5 LAYERS OF EPIDERMIS (DEEPEST TO OUTERMOST LAYER)

STRATUM BASALE (GERMINATIVUM) STRATUM SPINOSUM (PRICKY LAYER) STRATUM GRANULOSUM (GRANULAR LAYER) STRATUM LUCIDUM (CLEAR LAYER) STRATUM CORNEUM (HORNY LAYER)

-DEEPEST LAYER OF EPIDERMIS -LIES NEXT TO DERMIS -CELL UNDERGOING MITOSIS

STRATUM BASALE

-SEVERAL LAYERS ARE THICK -CONTAIN WEBLIKE SYSTEM OF INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

STRATUM SPINOSUM

STRATUM GRANULOSUM, KERATOHYLINE GRANULES, LAMELLAR GRANULES

- FORMED FROM DEAD CELLS OF THE DEEPER STRATA - OCCURS ONLY IN THICK, HAIRLESS SKIN OF THE PALMS OF HAND AND SOLES OF FEET

STRATUM LUCIDUM

-OUTERMOST LAYER OF EPIDERMIS -SHINGLE-LIKE DEAD CELLS ARE FILLED WITH KERATIN (protective protein prevents water loss from skin)

STRATUM CORNEUM

• PRODUCED KERATIN, FIBROUS PROTEIN THAT HELP GIVE EPIDERMIS ITS PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES • ARISE IN THE DEEPES PART OF EPIDERMIS, STRATUM BASALE

KERATINOCYTES

• SPIDER-SHAPED EPITHELIAL CELLS • SYNTHESIZED MELANIN PIGMENT • FOUND IN THE DEEPES PART OF THE EPIDERMIS

MELANOCYTES

“LANGERHANS” • ARISE FROM BONE MARROW AND MIGRATE TO EPIDERMIS • INGEST FOREIGN SUBSTANCE • KEY ACTIVATORS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM

DENDRITIC CELLS

“MERKEL” • FUNCTION AS SENSORY RECEPTOR FOR TOUCH

TACTILE CELLS

OTHER TERM FOR “DENDRITIC CELLS”

LANGERHANS

OTHER TERM FOR “TACTILE CELLS”

MERKEL

2 LAYERS OF DERMIS

PAPILLARY LAYER, RETICULAR LAYER

PAPILLARY LAYER

- 80% OF THE THICKNESS OF THE DERMIS - DENSE FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE - CLEAVAGE (TENSION LINES) - FLEXURE LINES

RETICULAR LAYER

3 NORMAL SKIN COLOR DETERMINANTS

MELANIN, CAROTENE, HEMOGLOBIN

- POLYMER MADE OF TYROSINE AMINO ACIDS - YELLOW, BROWN, OR BLACK PIGMENTS

MELANIN

- ORANGE - YELLOW PIGMENT FROM SOME VEGETABLES - ACCUMULATES IN THE STRATUM CORNEUM AND IN FATTY TISSUE OF THE HYPODERMIS

CAROTENE

- RED CORING FROM BLOOD CELLS IN DERMAL CAPILLARIES - OXYGEN CONTENT DETERMINES THE EXTENT OF RED COLORING

HEMOGLOBIN

ALTERATION IN THE SKIN COLOR - DUE TO EMBARASSMENT, INFLAMMATION, HYPERTENSION, FEVER, OR ALLERGY

REDNESS

ALTERATION IN THE SKIN COLOR - DUE TO EMOTIONAL STEESS, SUCH AS FEAR, ANEMIA, LOW BLOOD PRESSURE, IMPAIRED BLOOD FLOW TO AN AREA

PALLOR

ALTERATION IN THE SKIN COLOR - LIVER DISORDER

JAUNDICE

ALTERATION IN THE SKIN COLOR - ADDISON’S DISEASE

BRONZING

ALTERATIONS IN SKIN COLOR - HEMATOMAS

BRUISES

SKIN APPENDAGES (4)

SEBACEOUS GLANDS, SWEAT GLANDS, HAIR, HAIR FOLLICLES, NAILS

OIL GLANDS

APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN - PRODUCE SWEAT - WIDELY DISTRIBUTED EXCEPT NIPPLES AND PARTS OF EXTERNAL GENETALIA - HAS 2 TYPES; ECCRINE AND APOCRINE

SWEAT GLANDS

2 TYPES OF SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS

ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS APOCRINE SWEAT GLANDS

SWEAT (SUDORIFEROUS) GLANDS - NUMEROUS AND ABUNDANT IN THE PALMS, SOLES OF THE FEET AND FOREHEAD - OPEN VIA DUCT TO PORE SKIN SURFACE - PRODUCE SWEAT (CLEAR)

EXCCRINE SWEAT GLANDS

SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS - APPROX. 2,000 ARE LARGELY CONFINED TO THE AXILLARY AND ANOGENITAL AREAS - RELEASE SWEAT THAT ALSO CONTAINS FATTY ACIDS AND PROTEINS (YELLOWISH OR MILKY COLOR)

APOCRINE SWEAT GLANDS

APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN - PRODUCED BY HAIR FOLLICLE - CONSIST OF HARD KERATINIED EPITHELIAL CELLS - MELANOCYTES PROVIDE PIGMENT OF HAIR COLOR - HAIR GROWS IN MATRIX OF THE HAIR BULB IN STRATUM BASALE

HAIR

HAIR ANATOMY ( INNER TO OUTER) 1. 2. 3.

MEDULLA CORTEX CUTICLE

ASSOCIATED HAIR STRUCTURES - DERMAL AND EPIDERMAL SHEATH SURROUND HAIR ROOTH

HAIR FOLLICLE

ASSOCIATED HAIR STRUCTURES - NIPPLE-LIKE BIT OF DERMAL TISSUE, PROTRUDES INTO THE HAIR BULB - CONTAINS KNOT OF CAPILLARIES THAT SUPPLIES NUTRIENTS TO THE GROWING HAIR AND SIGNAL TO GROW

HAIR PAPILLA

ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE

APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN - SCALE LIKE MODIFICATION OF THE EPIDERMIS - HEAVILY KERATINIZED - STRATUM BASALE EXTENDS BENEATH THE NAIL BED - RESPONSIBLE FOR GROWTH - LACK OF PIGMENT MAKES THEM COLORLESS

NAILS

SKIN FUNCTIONS

PROTECTION BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION CUTANEOUS SENSATION METABOLIC FUNCTION BLOOD RESERVOIR EXCRETION

HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCE - TISSUE DAMAGE AND CELL DEATH CAUSED BY HEAT, ELECTRICITY, UV RADIATIONS OR CHEMICALS

BURNS

WAY TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT OF BURNS

RULE OF NINES

SEVERITY OF BURNS - ONLY EPIDERMIS IS DAMAGED - SKIN IS RED AND SWOLLEN

FIRST DEGREE BURNS

SEVERITY OF BURNS - EPIDERMIS AND UPPER DERMIS ARE DAMAGED - SKIN IS RED WITH BLISTERS

SECOND DEGREE BURNS

SEVERITY OF BURNS - DESTROY ENTIRE SKIN LAYER; BURNED AREA IS PAINLESS - BURN IS GRAY-WHITE, CHERRY RED OR BLACKENED - LITTLE OR NO EDEMA

THIRD DEGREE BURNS

ABNORMAL CELL MASS

CANCER

CANCER CLASSIFIED IN 2 WAYS - DOES NOT SPREAD (ENCAPSULATED)

BENIGN

CANCER CLASSIFIED IN 2 WAYS - MESTASIZED (MOVE) TO OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY

MALIGNANT

MOST COMMON TYPE OF CANCER

SKIN CANCER

DETECTION OF MALIGNANT MELANOMA

ABCD RULE

WHAT IS ABCD RULES STANDS FOR

ASYMMETRY, BORDER IRREGULARITY, COLOR, DIAMETER

- FRICTION, BURN OR PATHOLOGY - SEPARATION BETWEEN EPIDERMIS AND DERMIS FILLED WITH FLUID

BLISTER

- OVERGROWTH OF EPIDERMIS - OVERTIME - PROTECTION

CALLOUS

WHERE DOES HAIR GROWS??

HAIR FOLLICLE

2 HAIR ACCECORIES

ARECTOR PILI MUSCLES SEBACEOUS GLANDS

HAIR - ANAGEN PHASE - MAY LAST UP TO 6 YEARS FOR SCALP HAIR

GROWTH

HAIR - RESTING PHASE - LAST UP TO 4 MONTHS AND DURING THIS PHASE HAIR SHEDS FROM THE BODY

TELOGEN

SHAPE OF FOLLICLES CURLY HAIR

OVAL

SHAPE OF FOLLICLES - WAVY HAIR

C SHAPE

SHAPE OF FOLLICLES - STRAIGHT HAIR

ROUND

2 TYPES OF EXTERORECEPTORS

ENCAPSULATED NERVE ENDINGS, FREE NERVE ENDINGS

CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR - VIBRATION - DEEP PRESSURE - LIGHT TOUCH

ENCAPSULATED NERVE ENDINGS

CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR - PAIN - TEMPERATURE - PRESSURE - STRETCH - TOUCH

FREE NERVE ENDINGS

CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR - END OF THE NERVE IS WRAPPED IN A THIN LAYER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

ENCAPSULATED NERVE ENDINGS

(ENCAPSULATED NERVE ENDINGS) MECHANORECEPTORS - JUST BENEATH EPIDERMIS - LIGHT TOUCH

MEISSNER’S CORPUSCLES

(ENCAPSULATED NERVE ENDINGS) MECHANORECEPTORS - DEEP IN DERMIS - VIBRATION, PRESSURE

PACINIAN CORPUSCLES

(ENCAPSULATED NERVE ENDINGS) MECHANORECEPTORS - DERMIS AND SUB-Q - SKIN STRETCH, FINGER POSITION

RUFFINI CORPUSCLES

CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR - NAKED NERVE ENDINGS SENSORY NEURONS - FOUND EVERYWHERE IN THE BODY (MANY IN CONNECTIVE, EPITHELIAL TISSUE)

FREE NERVE ENDINGS

(FREE NERVE ENDINGS) - PAIN

NOCICEPTORS

(FREE NERVE ENDINGS) - COLD/HEAT

THERMOMERECEPTORS

(FREE NERVE ENDINGS) - MECHANORECEPTORS - DEEP IN EPIDERMIS - LIGHT TOUCH RECEPTOR

MERKEL DISCS

(FREE NERVE ENDINGS) - MECHANIRECEPTORS - WRAP AROUND HAIR FOLLICLES - DETECT BENDING OF HAIR

HAIR FOLLICLE RECEPTORS