CHAIN OF INFECTION Bacteria, Fungi, Parasite & Virus

CHAIN OF INFECTION People, Animals, Soil, Food & Water

CHAIN OF INFECTION Coughing/Sneezing, Bodily Secretions and Feces

CHAIN OF INFECTION Direct Contact, Indirect Contact and Vectors

CHAIN OF INFECTION Mouth, Nose, Eyes and Cuts in skin

CHAIN OF INFECTION ANYONE!. Each link has a unique role in the chain, and each can be interrupted, or broken, through various means

is the habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies

Many infectious diseases are transmitted from person to person, e.g., sexually transmitted diseases, measles, mumps, and respiratory pathogens.

Infected but show no symptoms.

Transmit disease during the incubation period.

Recovered but still transmit disease.

Harbor pathogens for extended periods (e.g., hepatitis B, Salmonella Typhi). Carriers unknowingly spread diseases due to lack of symptoms.

Diseases may be transmitted from animals to humans (zoonosis), with humans as incidental hosts. Examples of zoonotic diseases: brucellosis, anthrax, plague, tularemia, rabies.

Diseases may be transmitted from animals to humans (______), with humans as incidental hosts. Examples of ———— diseases: brucellosis, anthrax, plague, tularemia, rabies.

Plants, soil, and water can harbor infectious agents. Example: Legionnaires' disease linked to contaminated water supplies (Legionella pneumophila).

The exit path for pathogens from the host (e.g., respiratory tract, urine, feces, blood, skin, placenta). Examples: include influenza, tuberculosis, rubella, syphilis, malaria.

METHOD OF TRANSMISSION Via body fluids (e.g., blood, secretions).

METHOD OF TRANSMISSION Through intermediate hosts (e.g., contaminated objects, animals, food).

Ways pathogens enter new hosts: broken skin, mouth, nose, eyes, genitals, insect bites.

Hosts with little resistance to pathogens, making them vulnerable to infections. - Carriers can spread disease unknowingly.

Breaking the Chain of Infection - Use antibiotics, wash hands.

Breaking the Chain of Infection - Isolate infected individuals.

Breaking the Chain of Infection - Block pathogen release (e.g., cover mouth when sneezing).

Breaking the Chain of Infection - Control vectors, treat sewage, chlorinate water.

Breaking the Chain of Infection - Cover wounds, avoid contaminated food.

Breaking the Chain of Infection - Strengthen immunity through exercise, nutrition, and vaccinations.