INTERNAL ORGANS • Firm almond shaped organ covered by the peritoneum TWO PARTS: CORTEX AND MEDULLA

2 PARTS IN OVARY ______ - follicles are found

2 PARTS IN OVARY ________- connective tissue

OVARIAN FOLLICLES _________ - contains an immature oocyte

OVARIAN FOLLICLES _______- growing follicle with a maturing oocyte

OVARIAN FOLLICLES _______ - the follicle ruptures when the egg is mature and ready to be ejected from the ovary; occurs about every 28 days

Ovary support ________ - secure the ovaries to the lateral walls of the pelvis

Ovary support _________ - anchor ovaries to the uterus medially

Ovary support _________ - a fold of peritoneum, enclose and hold the ovaries in place

Bilateral ducts extends laterally from the uterus

4 PARTS OF FALLOPIAN TUBE • distal, funnel shape, with fimbriae ⬇️ • Fingerlike projections of the infundibulum • Receive the oocyte from the ovary • Cilia located inside the uterine tube transport the oocyte

4 PARTS OF FALLOPIAN TUBE widest part;usual site of FERTILIZATION

4 PARTS OF FALLOPIAN TUBE - narrowest part

4 PARTS OF FALLOPIAN TUBE - embedded in the uterine wall

➢ Pear-shaped organ with a cavity ➢ Receives, retains, nourishes a fertilized egg ➢ Situated between the urinary bladder and rectum

3 MAIN PARTS OF UTERUS - upper dome-shape part

3 MAIN PARTS OF UTERUS - broad part

3 MAIN PARTS OF UTERUS - narrow lower part

UTERINE WALL MADE UP OF 3 LAYERS ➢ Inner layer (mucosa) ➢ Site of implantation of a fertilized egg ➢ Sloughs off if no pregnancy occurs (menstruation or menses)

UTERINE WALL MADE UP OF 3 LAYERS ➢ is the middle layer of smooth muscle that contracts during labor

UTERINE WALL MADE UP OF 3 LAYERS - is the outermost serous layer of the uterus

2 LAYERS OF ENDOMETRIUM

➢ Passageway that extends from cervix to exterior of body and is located between urinary bladder and rectum ➢ Serves as the canal that allows a baby or menstrual flow to leave the body ➢ Female organ of copulation ➢ Receives the penis during sexual intercourse

partially closes the vagina until it is ruptured

➢ Connects the cervix to the vestibule ➢ Fibromuscular canal lined with mucus and covered with hymen ➢ The remnant of hymen is called CARUNCULAE MYRTIFORMIS Function: organ of copulation and passageway of baby

EXTERNAL GENITALIA - space enclosed or the area/spce between labia minora

EXTERNAL GENITALIA - space between the labia majora - cleft of venus

EXTERNAL GENITALIA - Hooded by a prepuce - homologue of penis - Composed of sensitive erectile tissue - Swollen with blood during sexual excitement

EXTERNAL GENITALIA - One is found on each side of the vagina - Secretions lubricate vagina during intercourse

EXTERNAL GENITALIA - thick fold of skin - Hair-covered skin folds - Enclose the labia minora - Also encloses the vestibule - homologue of scrotum

EXTERNAL GENITALIA - thin fold of skin devoid of hairs

EXTERNAL GENITALIA - elevated area above the labia - Fatty area overlying the pubic symphysis - Covered with pubic hair after

➢ Diamond - shaped region between the anterior ends of the labial folds, anus posteriorly, and ischial tuberosities lateral

REPRODUCTIVE HORMONE - for breast development

REPRODUCTIVE HORMONE - for lobular development

REPRODUCTIVE HORMONE - for milk production

REPRODUCTIVE HORMONE - for milk “let down”

Parts of the mammary gland - central pigmented area

Parts of the mammary gland - protruding central area of areola

Parts of the mammary gland - internal structures that radiate around nipple

Parts of the mammary gland - located within each lobe and contain clusters of alveolar glands

Parts of the mammary gland - produce milk when a woman is lactating (producing milk)

Parts of the mammary gland - connect alveolar glands to nipple

Parts of the mammary gland - dilated portion where milk accumulates

Pregnancy and Embryonic Development - time from fertilization until infant is born

Pregnancy and Embryonic Development - developing offspring

Pregnancy and Embryonic Development - period of time from fertilization until week 8

Pregnancy and Embryonic Development - week 9 until birth

Pregnancy and Embryonic Development - from date of last period until birth (approximately 280 days)

➢ X-ray examination that detects breast cancers too small to feel ➢ American Cancer Society recommends mammography annually for women between 45 and 54 years old and every 2 years thereafter if the results are normal ➢ Breast cancer is often signaled by a change in skin texture, puckering, or leakage from the nipple

Begins with the onset of the first menstruation= MENARCHE → GnRH (from hypothalamus) Gonadotropins (LH and FSH from the ant pit) levels are increased →Tanner-states that the initial sign of puberty in girls is breast development

Oogenesis and the Ovarian Cycle - is the process of producing ova (eggs) in a female

Oogenesis and the Ovarian Cycle - are female stem cells found in a developing fetus - undergo mitosis to produce primary oocytes that are surrounded by cells that form primary follicles in the ovary

➢ Cyclical changes in the uterus controlled by hormones ➢ Duration: 24-35 days ➢ Changes in the 3 systems/organs: 1. Uterus → uterine cycle 2. Ovary → ovarian cycle 3. Hormone → hormonal cycle

- Menstrual cycle/ female reproductive cycle- monthly discharge of blood from the uterus occurring form puberty to menopause - 30-80 cc (60 cc ave.) of blood, epithelial cells and mucus are being discharged

Hormone Production by the Ovaries _________ are produced by follicle cell ➢ Cause secondary sex characteristics ➢ Enlargement of accessory organs of the female reproductive system ➢ Development of breasts ➢ Appearance of axillary and pubic hair ➢ Increase in fat beneath the skin, particularly in hips and breasts ➢ Widening and lightening of the pelvis ➢ Onset of menses (menstrual cycle)are produced by follicle cell

Hormone Production by the Ovaries __________ is produced by the corpus luteum ➢ Production continues until LH diminishes in the blood ➢ Does not contribute to the appearance of secondary sex characteristics ➢ Other major effects ➢ Helps maintain pregnancy ➢ Prepares the breasts for milk production

➢ Cyclic changes of the endometrium, about 28 days in length ➢ Regulated by cyclic production of estrogens and progesterone by the ovaries ➢ FSH and LH, from the anterior pituitary, regulate the production of estrogens and progesterone by the ovaries ➢ Ovulation typically occurs about midway through cycle, on day 14

UTERINE CYCLE CONSIST OF 3 PHASES : Shedding of the functional layer of the endometrium.

UTERINE CYCLE CONSIST OF 3 PHASES : Rebuilding of the functional layer of the endometrium

UTERINE CYCLE CONSIST OF 3 PHASES : Begins immediately after ovulation.

HORMONAL CYCLE - decreased estrogen, decreased progesterone, decreased FSH and decreased LH

HORMONAL CYCLE - Increased FSH and Estrogen in small amounts

HORMONAL CYCLE - Increased FSH, Increased LH (surge) Increased Estrogen

HORMONAL CYCLE - Increased Estrogen, increased progesterone, decreased FSH and LH

• Cessation of menstruation for at least one year occurring at the age of 45-52 • Decreased estrogen and progesterone • Increased FSH