1. ANATOMY & PHYSIO

74問 • 6ヶ月前

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EXTERNAL STRUCTURES PAD OF FAT OVER THE SYMPHYSIS PUBIS. HAIRLESS & SMOOTH IN CHILDHOOD, IT IS COVERED BY DARK & CURLY HAIR CALLED ESCUTCHEON AFTER PUBERTY. HAIR PATTERN IS TRIANGULAR WITH BASE UP.

MONS PUBIS

EXTERNAL STRUCTURES LENGTHWISE, TWO THICK FOLDS OF FATTY SKIN EXTENDING FROM THE MONS TO THE PERINEUM THAT PROTECTS THE LABIA MINORA, URINARY MEATUS AND VAGINAL MUCOSA.

LABIA MAJORA

EXTERNAL STRUCTURES THINNER, LENGTHWISE FOLDS OF HAIRLESS SKIN, ENCIRCLING THE CLITORIS ANTERIORLY (PREPUCE) AND UNITE POSTERIORLY ( FOURCHETTE) .BELOW THE PREPUCE IS CALLED FRENULUM. HIGHLY SENSITIVE TO MANIPULATION AND TRAUMA, THE REASON WHY IT IS OFTEN TORN DURING DELIVERY.

LABIA MINORA

EXTERNAL STRUCTURES TRIANGULAR SPACE LOCATED BETWEEN THE LABIA MINORA CONTAINING VAGINAL INTROITUS, URETHRAL MEATUS BARTHOLIN’S & SKENE’S GLANDS

VESTIBULE

EXTERNAL STRUCTURES SMALL ERECTILE STRUCTURE; CONTAINS NERVE ENDINGS, SENSITIVE TO TEMPERATURE AND TOUCH. IT IS THE SEAT OF SEXUAL AROUSAL AND EXCITEMENT IN FEMALES. IT IS THE MOST SENSITIVE PART OF A WOMAN’S BODY. IT IS ALSO THE STRUCTURE THAT GUIDES THE NURSE TO THE URINARY MEATUS.

GLANS CLITORIS

EXTERNAL STRUCTURES THE EXTERNAL OPENING OF THE URETHRA. SLIGHTLY BEHIND AND TO THE SIDE ARE THE OPENINGS OF THE SKENE’S GLANDS (PARAURETHRAL GLANDS); THE SECRETIONS OF WHICH HELP TO LUBRICATE THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA. THE SHORTNESS OF THE FEMALE URETHRA MAKES WOMEN MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO UTI THAN MEN

URETHRAL MEATUS

EXTERNAL STRUCTURES = A TOUGH BUT ELASTIC SEMICIRCLE OF TISSUE THAT PROTECTS THE OPENING TO THE VAGINA. = CAN BE STRETCHED OR TORN DURING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, TAMPON INSERTION OR SEXUAL INTERCOURSE = THE REMNANT OF THE _____ IS CALLED CARUNCULAE MYRTIFORMIS. ( MYRTIFORMES CARUNCLES) = SEPARATES INTERNAL FROM EXTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

HYMEN

EXTERNAL STRUCTURES EXTERNAL OPENING OF THE VAGINA, COVERED BY A THIN MEMBRANE ( HYMEN) IN VIRGINS.LOCATED LATERAL TO THE VAGINAL OPENING ON BOTH SIDES ARE THE BARTHOLIN’S GLANDS ( VULVOVAGINAL GLANDS). IT LUBRICATES THE EXTERNAL VULVA DURING COITUS AND THE ALKALINE PH OF THEIR SECRETION HELPS TO IMPROVE SPERM SURVIVAL IN THE VAGINA. THE GRAFENBERG OR G-SPOT IS A VERY SENSITIVE AREA LOCATED AT THE INNER ANTERIOR ASPECT OF THE VAGINA.

VAGINAL ORIFICE

EXTERNAL STRUCTURES THIN FOLD OF TISSUE FORMED BY MERGING OF THE LABIA MAJORA AND LABIA MINORA BELOW THE VAGINAL ORIFICE.

FOURCHETTE

EXTERNAL STRUCTURES MUSCULAR SKIN COVERED AREA BETWEEN VAGINAL OPENING AND ANUS.

PERINEUM

INTERNAL STRUCTURES HOLLOW MEMBRANOUS & MUSCULAR CANAL, 3-4 INCHES LONG,DILATABLE, CONTAINS RUGAE (WHICH PERMITS CONSIDERABLE STRETCHING WITHOUT TEARING).IT IS LOCATED IN FRONT OF THE RECTUM & BEHIND THE BLADDER. = PASSAGEWAY OF MENSTRUATION = PASSAGEWAY OF FETUS = ORGAN OF COPULATION = SEMEN DEPOSITORY

VAGINA

INTERNAL STRUCTURES MAINTAINS THE NORMAL FLORA OF THE VAGINA, WHICH MAKES THE pH OF VAGINA ACIDIC, DETRIMENTAL TO THE GROWTH OF PATHOLOGIC BACTERIA.

DODORLIEN’S BACILLUS

INTERNAL STRUCTURES TRANSVERSE FOLDS OF SKIN IN THE VAGINAL WALL THAT IS ABSENT IN CHILDHOOD, APPEAR AFTER PUBERTY & DISAPPEARS AT MENOPAUSE.

RUGAE

INTERNAL STRUCTURES THE CERVIX PROJECTS TO THE VAGINA FORMING FOUR RECESSES OR DEPRESSION AROUND ITS UPPER PORTION CALLED FORNICES: ANTERIOR FORNIX, LATERAL FORNICES, POSTERIOR FORNIX.

FORNIX-FORNICES

INTERNAL STRUCTURES HOLLOW, MUSCULAR PEAR SHAPED ORGAN LOCATED IN THE PELVIS, WEIGHING 50-60 g IN A NON-PREGNAT WOMAN. HELD IN PLACE BY BROAD LIGAMENTS. ABUNDANT BLOOD SUPPLY COMES FROM UTERINE AND OVARIAN ARTERIES.

UTERUS

CERVIX DISTAL OPENING TO THE VAGINA

EXTERNAL CERVICAL OS

CERVIX THE CAVITY

CERVICAL CANAL

CERVIX OPENING TO THE UTERUS

INTERNAL CERVICAL OS

DIVISIONS OF THE UTERUS LOWER PORTION CALLED THE NECK

CERVIX

DIVISIONS OF THE UTERUS UPPERMOST CONVEX PORTION AND CAN BE PALPATED TO DETERMINE UTERINE GROWTH DURING PREGNANCY, TO ASSESS UTERINE CONTRACTIONS DURING LABOR,& INVOLUTION DURING THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD

FUNDUS

DIVISIONS OF THE UTERUS - THE CONSTRICTED PORTION IMMEDIATELY ABOVE THE CERVIX. - THE LOWER UTERINE SEGMENT; IT DISTENDS DURING PREGNANCY. - IT IS THE PORTION THAT IS INCISED DURING CESAREAN SECTION

ISTHMUS

DIVISIONS OF THE UTERUS - BODY OF THE UTERUS WHICH MAKES UP ⅔ OF THE SAID ORGAN. - HOUSES THE FETUS DURING PREGNANCY

CORPUS

DIVISIONS OF THE UTERUS THE UPPER PORTION WHERE THE FALLOPIAN TUBES ARE ATTACHED

CORNUA

LAYERS/COATS UTERUS OUTERMOST LAYER, IT IS ATTACHED TO THE BROAD LIGAMENTS & OFFER ADDED SUPPORT TO THE UTERUS

PERIMETRIUM

LAYERS/COATS UTERUS MIDDLE LAYER , EXPELS FETUS DURING BIRTH PROCESS THEN CONTRACTS AROUND BLOOD VESSELS TO PREVENT HEMORRHAGE (OXYTOCIN SITE)

MYOMETRIUM

LAYERS/COATS UTERUS INNERMOST LAYER; THIS LAYER UNDERGO CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO THE HORMONES AT VARIOUS PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE & DURING PREGNANCY; IT CONSISTS OF TWO LAYERS:

ENDOMETRIUM

LAYERS/COATS UTERUS PEELS OFF DURING MENSTRUATION & THICKENS DURING THE PROLIFERATIVE & SECRETORY PHASE

GRANDULAR LAYER

LAYERS/COATS UTERUS LAYER ADJACENT TO THE MYOMETRIUM & GIVES RISE TO THE NEW ENDOMETRIUM AFTER MENSTRUATION & DELIVERY

BASAL LAYER

UTERINE LIGAMENTS SUPPORTS THE SIDES OF THE UTERUS & ASSISTS IN HOLDING THE UTERUS IN ITS NORMAL ANTEVERSION AND ANTEFLEXION POSITION

BROAD LIGAMENT

UTERINE LIGAMENTS - LOWER PORTION OF THE BROAD LIGAMENT. - IT IS THE MAIN SUPPORT OF THE UTERUS. - DAMAGE TO THIS LIGAMENT WILL RESULT TO UTERINE PROLAPSE

CARDINAL LIGAMENT

UTERINE LIGAMENTS - CONNECTS UTERUS TO THE SACRUM

UTEROSACRAL LIGAMENT

UTERINE LIGAMENTS - PROVIDES SUPPORT TO THE UTERUS IN CONNECTION WITH THE BLADDER. - OVERSTRETCHING OF THIS LIGAMENT WILL LEAD TO HERNIATION OF THE BLADDER TO THE VAGINA (CYSTOCELE)

ANTERIOR LIGAMENT

UTERINE LIGAMENTS FORMS THE CUL-DE-SAC OF DOUGLAS. DAMAGE TO THIS LIGAMENT WILL LEAD TO HERNIATION OF THE RECTUM TO THE VAGINA (RECTOCELE)

POSTERIOR LIGAMENT

INTERNAL STRUCTURES - TWO SLENDER MUSCULAR TUBES WHICH ARISES FROM EACH OF THE UPPER CORNER OF THE UTERINE BODY AND EXTEND OUTWARD. - PROVIDES A PLACE FOR FERTILIZATION (CONCEPTION, FECUNDATION, IMPREGNATION) OF OVA BY THE SPERM

FALLOPIAN TUBES

PARTS OF FALLOPIAN TUBES (1cm) LIES WITHIN THE UTERINE WALL. IT HAS THE SMALLEST LUMEN.

INTERSTITIAL

PARTS OF FALLOPIAN TUBES (2cm) PORTION CUT OR SEALED DURING TUBAL LIGATION (BTL)

ISTHMUS

PARTS OF FALLOPIAN TUBES (5cm) LONGEST PORTION, EXACT SITE OF FERTILIZATION (DISTAL 3RD, OUTER 3RD)

AMPULLA

PARTS OF FALLOPIAN TUBES MOST DISTAL PORTION; RIM OF THE FUNNEL IS COVERED BY FIMBRIAE THAT HELPS GUIDE THE OVA INTO THE FALLOPIAN TUBE.

INFUNDIBULUM

INTERNAL STRUCTURES - ALMOND SHAPED ORGANS LOCATED ON EITHER SIDE OF THE UTERUS. - BEFORE PUBERTY, THE OVARIES ARE SMOOTH, FLAT & OVOID ORGANS. - AFTER OVULATIONS, THEY ASSUME NODULAR & PITTED APPEARANCE.

OVARIES

LAYERS OF THE OVARY: THE OUTERMOST PROTECTIVE LAYER SURROUNDED BY A SINGLE LAYER OF CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM.

TUNICA ALBUGINEA

LAYERS OF THE OVARY: - THE FUNCTIONAL LAYER WHICH IS THE SITE OF OVUM FORMATION & MATURATION. - IT CONTAINS THE PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES, GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES, CORPUS LUTEUM & CORPUS ALBICANS.

CORTEX

LAYERS OF THE OVARY: LAYER WHICH CONTAINS THE BLOOD VESSELS, LYMPHATICS, NERVES & MUSCLE FIBERS.

MEDULLA

- rugated , skin covered pouch hanging below the penis that contains the testes. - Its function is to regulate the temperature of the sperm.

SCROTUM

In very _____ weather, the dartos & cremasteric muscle contracts to bring the testes closer to the body wrinkling its outer surface.

COLD

In very ____ weather or in the presence of fever, the scrotal muscles relaxes, allowing the testes to fall away from the body

HOT

____ in preterm, _____ in full term newborns

SMOOTH, WRINKLED

GREATEST/LEAST ______ wrinkling in young men & at cold temperature

GREATEST

GREATEST / LEAST _____ wrinkling in older men & at warm temperature

LEAST

-TWO OVOID SHAPED BODY THAT LIE INSIDE THE SCROTUM -ENCASED BY A PROTECTIVE WHITE FIBROUS CAPSULE AND COMPRISES A NUMBER OF LOBULES (250-400)

TESTES

EACH LOBULE CONTAINS INTERSTITIAL CELLS (LEYDIG CELLS) AND _____ SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

1-3

IN TESTES PRODUCE SPERMATOZOA

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

IN TESTES PRODUCE THE HORMONE TESTOSTERONE

LEYDIGS CELLS

FUNCTIONS OF THE TESTES - PROCESS BY WHICH THE SPERMATOCYTES ARE DEVELOPED INTO MATURE SPERMATOZOA

SPERMATOGENESIS

AN ANDROGEN OR MUSCULINIZING HORMONE RESPONSIBLE FOR 1. GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS 2. FSH 3. (LH) ICSH

TESTOSTERONE

thought to provide structural & metabolic support to the developing sperm cell.

SERTOLI CELLS

the male organ of copulation; composed of 3 cylindrical masses of erectile tissue in the ___ shaft termed

PENIS

two lateral columns of erectile tissue

CORPORA CAVERNOSA

encases the urethra

CORPUS SPONGIOSUM

a cone-shaped expansion of the corpus spongiosum that is highly sensitive in males.

GLANS PENIS

retractable skin covering the glans & removed during circumcision.

PREPUCE

serves as a reservoir for sperm storage and maturation. Approximately 20 ft. it takes 12-20 days for the sperm to travel the length of ______

EPIDIDYMIS

Absence of sperm

ASPERMIA

if < 20 million sperm/ml

OLIGOSPERMIA

a duct extending from epididymis to the ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle, providing a passageway for sperm.

VAS DEFERENS

are two convoluted pouches that lie along the lower portion of the bladder and empty into the urethra

SEMINAL VESICLE

the canal formed by the union of the vas deferens and the excretory duct of the seminal vesicle, which enters the urethra at the prostate gland.

EJACULATORY DUCT

located just below the urinary bladder. Secretes alkaline and most of the seminal fluid

PROSTATE GLAND

adds alkaline fluid to the semen. Counterpart of the Bartholin’s glands in females.

BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS

the passageway for both urine and semen, extending from the bladder to the urethral meatus.

URETHRA

The blood vessels engorge, the penis becomes elongated, thickened & stiff, a phenomenon called ____.

ERECTION

If stimulation is intense , there is rhythmic contractions of penile muscles resulting in forceful & sudden expulsion of semen , a phenomenon called _______

EJACULATION

A GRAYISH WHITISH SUBSTANCE CONTAINS SPERMATOZOA AND FRUCTOSE RICH SUBSTANCES.

SEMINAL FLUID

AT THE TIME OF EJACULATION, APPROXIMATELY 3-5 ML OF SEMEN IS SECRETED WITH ABOUT 100 MILLION SPERMATOZOA PER ML, OR ABOUT _______ MILLION SPERMATOZOA AT EACH EJACULATION.

250-500

IF THE SPERM COUNT DROPS TO LESS THAN 20 MILLION PER ML OF SEMEN, or 50 million per ejaculation, THE RATE IS CONSIDERED _______

INFERTILE

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