LIPIDS

49問 • 1年前

JHAYS

通報

問題一覧

Lipids are also known as

fats

Organic compound found in living organisms that is ________ in water but _______ in non polar organic solvents

insoluble, soluble

breaking down into smaller units through its reaction with water

hydrolysis

hydrolysis reaction that occurs in basic solution

saponification reaction

FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS

storing chemical energy and carbon atoms in the body, surround and insulate vital body organs, provides protection from mechanical shock, prevents excessive loss of heat energy

BASED ON BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTION - energy storage

triacyglycerols

BASED ON BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTION - Membrane lipids

phospolipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol

BASED ON BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTION - Emulsification

bile acids

BASED ON BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTION - messenger lipids

steroid hormones, eicosanoid

BASED ON BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTION - protective-coating lipids

biological waxes

BASED ON SAPONIFICATION - saponifiable lipids

triacyglycerol, phospolipids, sphingolipids, biological waxes

BASED ON SAPONIFICATION - non-saponifiable

cholesterol, steroid hormones, bile acids, eicosanoids

◼ BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIPIDS ◼ FIRST ISOLATED FROM NATURALLY OCCURRING FATS ◼ NEARLY ALWAYS CONTAIN AN EVEN NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS AND HAVE A CARBON CHAIN THAT IS UNBRANCHED

fatty acids

TYPES - FA with a carbon chain in which all carbon-carbon bonds single bonds

saturated fatty acids

TYPES Carbon chain in which one carboncarbon double bond is present

monounsaturated fatty acids

- Carbon chain in which two or more carbon-carbon double bonds are present - Up to 6 double bonds are found

polyunsaturated fatty acids

An unsaturated FA with its endmost double bond three carbon atoms away from its methyl end

OMEGA-3 FA

An unsaturated FA with its endmost double bond six carbon atoms away from its methyl end

OMEGA-6 FA

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FATTY ACIDS

water solubility, melting point

have slight solubility in water

short chain FA

insoluble in water

long chain FA

Carbon chain _____, melting point ______

lengthens, increases

solid in room temperature

Long chain saturated FA

liquid in a room temperature

Long chain unsaturated FA

- FOUND PRIMARILY IN ADIPOCYTES - Most abundant type of lipid present in the human body

triacylglycerol

____ is a compound produced from the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid

ester

- Naturally occurring TAG molecules in which many different kinds of TAG are present - Solid or semi-solid at room temperature (25C) - Obtained from animal - Composed largely of TAG - Higher melting point - Colorless, odorless, tasteless

fats

- Naturally occurring mixtures of TAG molecules in which many different kinds of TAG are present - Liquid at room temperature - Contains larger amounts of mono- and polyunsaturated FA - Lower melting point - Comes from plants and fish - Tastes, odors and color are due to small amounts of naturally occurring substances present in the plant

oils

___% coming from monounsaturated fats, ___% from polyunsaturated fats, less than ___% from saturated fats

15, 10, 10

BAD FATS

saturated fats

GOOD FATS

monounsaturated fats

both good and bad fats

polyunsaturated fats

MORE OMEGA 3 FA

COLD WATER FISH AKA FATTY FISH

LESSER OMEGA 3 FA

LEANER, WARM WATER FISH

- Must be obtained from dietary sources - Cannot be synthesized within the body

essential fatty acids

2 ESSENTIAL FA

Linoleic, Linolenic

- Starting material for the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid - Major starting material for eicosanoids - substances that help regulate blood pressure, clotting, and several important bodily functions

Linoleic

- Necessary for normal brain development - Active in the retina of the eye

Linoleic

Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandin resulting to the reduction of inflammation and prevention of chronic diseases.

Linolenic

- Starting material for the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid

omega 6

Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandin resulting to the reduction of inflammation and prevention of chronic diseases.

omega 3

- Can be carried out with an acid or a base in a laboratory - Occurs during the process of digestion with the help of enzymes produced in the pancreas (lipase and trypsin) ACID • Hydrolysis products are glycerol and FA BASE • Glycerol and fatty acid salts

hydrolysis

2 TYPES OF HYDROLYSIS

acid, base

Hydrolysis products are glycerol and FA

acid

Glycerol and fatty acid salts

Base

- HYDROLYSIS REACTION CARRIED OUT IN AN ALKALINE SOLUTION - For fats and oils, products are glycerol and fatty acid salts - Also used in soapmaking

saponification

INVOLVES HYDROGEN ADDITION ACROSS CARBON BONDS WHICH INCREASES THE DEGREE OF SATURATION AS SOME BONDS ARE CONVERTED TO SINGLE BONDS

hydrogenation

- Double bonds in TAG are subject to oxidation with molecular oxygen from air as the oxidizing agent - Aldehyde and carboxylic acid - Produces a rancid odor - To avoid this unwanted oxidation process, commercially prepared food with fats and oils, antioxidants are added

oxidation

- Fatty acid with trans double bonds - Similar with LDL (bad cholesterol) - Raises LDL but not HDL (good cholesterol) - Naturally present in meat and dairy products - When cooking - Use olive, canola, soy oil

trans fatty acid

HCI

HCI

TERMS

TERMS

HEALTH DEF

HEALTH DEF

ANAPHY PRELIMS REVIEW

JHAYS · 43問 · 1年前

ANAPHY PRELIMS REVIEW

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

BIOCHEM

BIOCHEM

SKELETAL SYSTEM

SKELETAL SYSTEM

joints

joints

muscle and joint movements

JHAYS · 17問 · 1年前

muscle and joint movements

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

NEUROTRANSMITTER

NEUROTRANSMITTER

NERVOUS

NERVOUS

NERVOUS PART 2

NERVOUS PART 2

SPECIAL SENSES

SPECIAL SENSES

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

問題一覧

Lipids are also known as

fats

Organic compound found in living organisms that is ________ in water but _______ in non polar organic solvents

insoluble, soluble

breaking down into smaller units through its reaction with water

hydrolysis

hydrolysis reaction that occurs in basic solution

saponification reaction

FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS

storing chemical energy and carbon atoms in the body, surround and insulate vital body organs, provides protection from mechanical shock, prevents excessive loss of heat energy

BASED ON BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTION - energy storage

triacyglycerols

BASED ON BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTION - Membrane lipids

phospolipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol

BASED ON BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTION - Emulsification

bile acids

BASED ON BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTION - messenger lipids

steroid hormones, eicosanoid

BASED ON BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTION - protective-coating lipids

biological waxes

BASED ON SAPONIFICATION - saponifiable lipids

triacyglycerol, phospolipids, sphingolipids, biological waxes

BASED ON SAPONIFICATION - non-saponifiable

cholesterol, steroid hormones, bile acids, eicosanoids

◼ BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIPIDS ◼ FIRST ISOLATED FROM NATURALLY OCCURRING FATS ◼ NEARLY ALWAYS CONTAIN AN EVEN NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS AND HAVE A CARBON CHAIN THAT IS UNBRANCHED

fatty acids

TYPES - FA with a carbon chain in which all carbon-carbon bonds single bonds

saturated fatty acids

TYPES Carbon chain in which one carboncarbon double bond is present

monounsaturated fatty acids

- Carbon chain in which two or more carbon-carbon double bonds are present - Up to 6 double bonds are found

polyunsaturated fatty acids

An unsaturated FA with its endmost double bond three carbon atoms away from its methyl end

OMEGA-3 FA

An unsaturated FA with its endmost double bond six carbon atoms away from its methyl end

OMEGA-6 FA

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FATTY ACIDS

water solubility, melting point

have slight solubility in water

short chain FA

insoluble in water

long chain FA

Carbon chain _____, melting point ______

lengthens, increases

solid in room temperature

Long chain saturated FA

liquid in a room temperature

Long chain unsaturated FA

- FOUND PRIMARILY IN ADIPOCYTES - Most abundant type of lipid present in the human body

triacylglycerol

____ is a compound produced from the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid

ester

fats

oils

___% coming from monounsaturated fats, ___% from polyunsaturated fats, less than ___% from saturated fats

15, 10, 10

BAD FATS

saturated fats

GOOD FATS

monounsaturated fats

both good and bad fats

polyunsaturated fats

MORE OMEGA 3 FA

COLD WATER FISH AKA FATTY FISH

LESSER OMEGA 3 FA

LEANER, WARM WATER FISH

- Must be obtained from dietary sources - Cannot be synthesized within the body

essential fatty acids

2 ESSENTIAL FA

Linoleic, Linolenic

- Starting material for the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid - Major starting material for eicosanoids - substances that help regulate blood pressure, clotting, and several important bodily functions

Linoleic

- Necessary for normal brain development - Active in the retina of the eye

Linoleic

Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandin resulting to the reduction of inflammation and prevention of chronic diseases.

Linolenic

- Starting material for the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid

omega 6

Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandin resulting to the reduction of inflammation and prevention of chronic diseases.

omega 3

hydrolysis

2 TYPES OF HYDROLYSIS

acid, base

Hydrolysis products are glycerol and FA

acid

Glycerol and fatty acid salts

Base

- HYDROLYSIS REACTION CARRIED OUT IN AN ALKALINE SOLUTION - For fats and oils, products are glycerol and fatty acid salts - Also used in soapmaking

saponification

INVOLVES HYDROGEN ADDITION ACROSS CARBON BONDS WHICH INCREASES THE DEGREE OF SATURATION AS SOME BONDS ARE CONVERTED TO SINGLE BONDS

hydrogenation

oxidation

trans fatty acid