MULTICELLULAR FUNGI

UNICELLULAR FUNGI

The body of a fungus is referred to as either a ___

The body of a mold or fleshy fungus consists of long, loosely packed filaments called ____

In most molds the hyphae are divided into one cell units called ________

In some fungi, the hyphae have no septa and look like long multinucleated cells called ____

Under the right environmental conditions the hyphae grow to form a filamentous mass known as a ____

The part of the hyphae responsible for reproduction is called reproductive or _____ hyphae.

FUNGI CLASSIFICATION - spores are formed on hyphae of fungi - reproduce by the process of cell division. - When these hyphal spores germinate, they are identical to the parent.

FUNGI CLASSIFICATION - These fungi will have same characteristics of both parents - The spores are produced by the fusion of nuclei from two opposite fungi of the same species.

- are conjugative fungi - They reproduce both sexually (zygospores) and asexually (sporangiospores). - An example is: A. Rhizopus nigricans , a black bread mold.

- also called sac fungi - have sac-like cells called asci - These are yeasts, truffles, morels, and common molds. - Fungi in this group reproduce sexually and asexually. - Their sexual spores (conidiosphores) freely detach with the slightest movement (conidia) and therefore can cause infection (opportunistic disease) or an allergic reaction.

- causes blastomycosis, which is a general pulmonary disease. Histoplasma a fungus found in bird and bat droppings; - It causes histoplasmosis, which is known as the fungusflu.

- Also called club fungus - includes mushrooms, toadstools, smuts, and rusts - Sexually produced basidiospores are formed externally on a base pedestal, producing a club-shaped structure called a basidium (basidia, plural). - Basidia can be found on visible fruiting bodies called basidiocarps, which are positioned on stalks. - A mushroom is a basidiocarp

- Also known as fungi imperfecti - have no sexual reproduction (or none that can be observed) - They cause pneumocystis which infects people who have a compromised immune system. - Examples are: 1. Penicillium notatum, which produceS penicillin. 2. Candida albicans, which causes vaginal yeast infections in humans.

caused by Piedraia hortae fungal infection of scalp hair and, less commonly, eyebrows and eyelashes.

• usually caused by Trichosporon beigelii • a fungal infection of moustache, beard, pubic, and axilla hair

caused by Malassezia furfur a ringworm infection that affects the skin of the chest or back and, less commonly, the arms, thighs, neck, and face.

• caused by Hortaea werneckii • a ringworm infection of the palms of the hands and, less commonly, the neck and feet.

• infection of the beard and moustache

• scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes

• face, trunk, major limbs

• groin, perineal and perianal areas.

• soles and between toes

• nails

- Sporothrix schenckii - dimorphic fungus, and typically affects the skin of an extremity

- Caused by various species of moulds - is a chronic, spreading infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, usually affecting a lower extremity

- caused by various moulds - are chronic granulomatous infections that involve the feet (usually), hands, or other areas of the body. - Some of these subcutaneous mycoses can be quite grotesque in appearance.

________ are also known as tinea (ringworm) infections and dermatomycoses.

• yeast infection of the oral cavity • common in infants, elderly patients, and immunosuppressed individuals. • White, creamy patches occur on the tongue, mucous membranes, and the corners of the mouth • It can be a manifestation of disseminated Candida infection (candidiasis) • Candida albicans is the yeast and the fungus most commonly isolated from clinical specimens— sometimes isolated as a pathogen and sometimes isolated as a contaminant.

• It starts as a lung infection, but spreads via the bloodstream to the brain. • It usually presents as a subacute or chronic meningitis. Infection of the lungs, kidneys, prostate, skin, and bone may also occur. • It is a common infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients.