HISTORY OF NURSING IN THE WORLD - FUNDA LEC

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- Dated from prehistoric times (300-500 century) through the early Christian era. - They believe that the cause of illnesses during that time was the invasion of the victim's body by an evil spirit( angered God, Black Magic and Voodoo) - Shaman / Witch Doctor - is a medicine man that has the power to heal the person who is sick by the use of white magic.

INTUITIVE PERIOD

Nursing remains the role of the female slaves, wives, mothers, daughters and sisters. The ancient added astrology and numerology in diagnosis and cure of the disease.

NURSING IN THE NEAR EAST

Code of Hammurabi - where in the earliest documented forms of service and law governing the practice of medicine in Babylonia in the year of 1900 BC.

BABYLONIA

- People worshipped the Goddess Isis and her son Horus, as they are believed to manipulate the dreams of the sick. - The art of embalming enhanced their knowledge in human anatomy, but since all this work was performed on the dead, they learned nothing on physiology.

EGYPT

The reference to nurse is as midwives, wet nurse, or child nurse.

HEBREW

- The culture was imbued with a belief in spirits and demons. - Baby boys were given girls names and dressed in girls clothes to avoid evils befalling to them.

CHINA

- The men of medicine built hospitals, practiced an intuitive form of asepsis and were proficient in the practice of medicine and surgery. - Priest-nurse (first lay brothers) described as a combination of pharmacist, physical therapist and cooks.

INDIA

They saw nurses as midwives, herbalists, wet nurses and caregivers for the children and elderly.

AFRICA

- Care of the sick resolves around mythology. They believed in the works of Asklepios as the Greek God and Chief healer, his wife Epigone as the soother and their daughter Hygea as the Goddess of health. - Greek culture made many contributions in the areas of Astronomy, Architecture, Drama, Poetry, Philosophy, Sculpture, Aesthetic Arts and Clinical Medicine, but nursing was the task of untrained slaves.

NURSING IN ANCIENT GREECE

- Religion has also played a significant role in the development of nursing. - The Romans attempted to maintain vigorous health because illness was a sign of weakness. - Care of those unfortunates was left to slaves or to Greek physicians (inferior by Roman Society.) - Fabiola - they are wealthy matrons of the Roman Empire. They are converted into Christian and use their wealth to provide a house of care and healing (forerunner of hospitals) for the poor, sick, and homeless.

TRANSITION FROM PAGAN TO CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHY

Christian Organizations that provided care for the sick

APPRENTICE PERIOD

Provided care during the great pledge in Alexandra.

PARABOLANI BROTHERHOOD

These organizations was responsible for the development of early managerial and administrative standards in providing care in the hospitals

KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN JERUSALEM

One of the first nursing orders

KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN JERUSALEM

Considered as the patron Saint of nurses, Order of Christian charity providing care for the poor, sick,dying and prisoners

CAMILLUS DE LELLIS

NURSING SAINTS - Took vows of poverty, obedience, service and charity. She and her sister gave nursing care to all people of Saint Francis, and his followers to send them at the convent of San Damiano.

SAINT CLAIRE

NURSING SAINTS The first “Lady with a Lamp”. She made her rounds among her patients alone with her lamp during the nights.

SAINT CATHERINE OF SIENNA

NURSING SAINTS Takes care of the leper patients and belongs to the third order of Saint Francis of Assisi.

SAINT ELIZABETH

- The period from the 17th to 19th centuries. - Those who act as nurses during this time are ladies who illustrate, uneducated and had no background in nursing. - Sairy Gump - this is the term they used pertaining to the nurse during that time who took bribes from patients, stole the food of the patient, and used alcohol as tranquilizer. - It was described as a fat woman, with a husky voice and moist eyes, a very little neck, wore a very rusty black gown and a shawl, nose was red and swollen with a smell of spirits due to liquor.

DARK PERIOD OF NURSING

NURSING LEADERS Referred to as the “Lady with aLamp”, contributed to the development of nursing education, practice and administration.

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

NURSING LEADERS Appointed superintendent of the Female Nurses of the Union Army during the American Civil War. Appointed superintendent of the Female Nurses of the Union Army during the American Civil War.

DOROTHEA LYNDE DIX

NURSING LEADERS Referred to as the “Moses of Her people”, she nursed the sick and suffering of her own race of the Underground Railroad during the Civil war.

HARRIET TUBMAN

NURSING LEADERS Abolitionist, Underground Railroad agent, preacher, and women’s rights advocate, was a nurse for over 4 years during the Civil War and worked as a nurse and counselor for the Freedman’s Relief Association after the war.

SOJOURNER TRUTH

NURSING LEADERS America’s first trained nurse, she is known for introducing nurses notes and doctor’s orders and also initiated the practice of nurses wearing uniforms. She is credited for her pioneer work in Psychiatric and Industrial Nursing.

LINDA RICHARDS

NURSING LEADERS The first African American trained nurse. She constantly worked for the acceptance of African Americans in nursing and for the promotion of equal opportunities ( interracial relationship.)

MARY MAHONEY

NURSING LEADERS Organized and established the American Red Cross, which linked with the International red Cross when the U.S. Congress ratified the Geneva Convention in 1882.

CLARA BARTON

NURSING LEADERS Founder of Public Health Nursing. She also founded the Henry Street settlement and visiting Nurse Service (circa 1893), which provided nursing and social services and organized educational and cultural activities.

LILIAN WALD

NURSING LEADERS Founder of Planned Parenthood, was imprisoned for initiating and disseminating the use of birth control information and opening the first birth control information clinic in Baltimore in 1916.

MARGARET HIGGINS SANGER

NURSING LEADERS Was a feminist, prolific writer, political activist and a friend of Wald. During 1929, she contributed to the 19th Amendment of the American Constitution, particularly in protest for the rights of women to vote during her time.

LAVINIA DOCK

NURSING LEADERS Established the Frontier Nursing Service(FNS) which started at Leslie Country, Kentucky in 1925 to provide family – centered primary health care to rural populations. She is a nurse who practiced midwifery in England, Australia and New Zealand and also opened the first midwifery schools during her time.

MARY BRECKINRIDGE

NURSING LEADERS Worked together with Florence Nightingale during the Crimean War to give aid to the wounded soldiers.

MARY GRANT SEACOLE

NURSING LEADERS Wrote the book “Hospital Sketches” as she described the works of volunteer nurses during the Civil War.

LOUISA MAY ALCOTT

NURSING LEADERS Worked together with Louisa during the Civil War.

WALT WHITMANN

NURSING LEADERS Organized the international Conference that founded the Red Cross during the Geneva Convention.

JEAN HENRI DUNANT

NURSING LEADERS Developed the Toronto General Hospital School of nursing and was the first President of the Canadian Nurses Association.

MARY AGNES SNIVELY

NURSING LEADERS Established the International Council of Nurses in Great Britain.

ETHEL BEDFORD FENWICK

NURSING LEADERS Served as the first President of the National Black Association.

DR. LAURANNE SAMS

NURSING LEADERS The first nurse to be elected to the United States House of Representatives.

EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON

NURSING LEADERS Served as the Chief Nurse officer, Rear Admiral and became an active leader in policy coordination for the US Surgeon General.

JULIA PLOTNICK

NURSING LEADERS Directed the National Center for Nursing research to become the International Institute for Nursing research under the National Institute for Health.

ADA SUE HINSHAW

NURSING LEADERS Developed Australia’s first school for nurses after training in St. Thomas Hospital under the supervision of Nightingale when she became the superintendent at Sydney Hospital.

LUCY OSBORNE

NURSING LEADERS Worked as a contract nurse with the US Army during the Spanish-American War.

CLARA MASS

NURSING LEADERS First Independent Nurse Practitioner.

LUCILLE KINLEIN

HISTORY OF NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES Responsible for the establishment of various hospitals in the Philippines.

FRANCISCAN ORDER

HISTORY OF NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES These are religious men who did the nursing care for the sick.

HOSPITALLERS

HISTORY OF NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES One of the first members of the mission of the order of St. Francis to the Philippines in 1573. He did both the work of the doctor and a nurse. He devoted his time for the care of the sick in the Philippines during the Spanish Regime.

FRAY JUAN CLEMENTE

Nursing Service During Philippine Revolution she attended and dressed the wounded with care, sacrificing health and comfort.

JOSEPHINE BRACKEN

Nursing Service During Philippine Revolution converted their house into quarters for the Filipino soldiers during the Philippine American war that broke out in 1899.

ROSA SEVILLA DE ALVARO

Nursing Service During Philippine Revolution wife of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, she organized the Filipino Red Cross with the help of Apolinario Mabini.

DONA HILARIA DE AGUINALDO

Nursing Service During Philippine Revolution second wife of Gen. Emilio aguinaldo. She provided nursing care to the Filipino Soldier during the revolution; President of the Philippine red Cross branch in Batangas.

DONA MARIA AGONCILLO DE AGUINALDO

Nursing Service During Philippine Revolution Also known as “Aling Nene”, sister of Ge. Aguinaldo asked for the Red Cross work during the revolution.

DONA FELICIDAD AGUINALDO

Nursing Service During Philippine Revolution also known as “Tandang Sora”, gave tender nursing care to the best of her knowledge and ability to the wounded soldiers, also gave her shelter and food to cheer and comfort the soldiers with humility and devotion.

MELCHORA AQUINO

Nursing Service During Philippine Revolution also known as “Ina ng Biak na Bato”, stayed in the hospital at Biak na Bato to care for the wounded soldiers.

TRINIDAD TECSON

Period where hospital schools of nursing opened.

AMERICAN ERA

HOSPITAL SCHOOLS OF NURSING Known for graduating the first trained nurses in 1909.

ILOILO MISSION HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING

HOSPITAL SCHOOLS OF NURSING Started by the missionary nurses, Ms. Hicks and deaconess Charlotte Massy.

ST. LUKES HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING

HOSPITAL SCHOOLS OF NURSING Mrs. Anastacia Giron- Tupas was the first Filipino nurse with a title of “Nursing Superintendent Chief Nurse” in the Philippines.

PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING

HOSPITAL SCHOOLS OF NURSING Opened by former President Sergio Osmena,

SOUTHERN ISLAND HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING

HOSPITAL SCHOOLS OF NURSING The last hospital school of nursing opened before the end of World War II.

BAGUIO GENERAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING

HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING Opened offering rich field for clinical teaching for student nurse

NORTH GENERAL HOSPITAL

COLLEGES NURSING OPENED UNDER A UNIVERSITY First school of nursing that is administered separately from the hospital in extending nursing to the patients.

REAL PONTIFICAL UNIVERSITY OF STO. TOMAS

COLLEGES NURSING OPENED UNDER A UNIVERSITY Has 3 college of nursing under them namely: Philippine Union college, Central Philippine College of Nursing in Iloilo, Silliman University, College of Nursing

MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY

Nursing Associations In The Philippines Formerly known as Filipino Nurses Association and founded by Anastacia Giron-Tupaz on October 22, 1922.

PHILIPPINE NURSING ASSOCIATION

Nursing Associations In The Philippines Formerly known as the Department of Health National League of Nurses (DHNLN) founded by Annie Sand on January 16, 1961.

NATIONAL LEAGUE OF GOVERNMENT NURSES

Nursing Associations In The Philippines - Founded in 1963 and was organized in 1973

ASSOCIATION OF NURSING SERVICE ADMINISTRATION OF THE PHILIPPINES

Nursing Associations In The Philippines - First established in April 1959. In 1965, Schools of nursing were included. Formerly known as the Council of Deans of Colleges of Nursing in the Philippines.

ASSOCIATION OF DEANS IN THE PHILIPPINES OF COLLEGES OF NURSING

Nursing Associations In The Philippines officially organized on September 8,1965 in V.Luna Hospital-Arm Forces of the Philippines,Quezon City. It’s official organ is the “Philippine Military Nursing Journal”

MILITARY NURSES ASSOCIATION OF THE PHILIPPINES

Nursing Associations In The Philippines The industrial unit of the Philippine Nurses Association was organized on November 21, 1950 through the initiation of Mrs. Magdalena Valenzuela of the Department of Health.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSES ASSOCIATION OF THE PHILIPPINES

Nursing Associations In The Philippines Organized on September 1961, dedicated to the maintenance of high standard of objectives as to ” STANDARDIZED AND BROADEN INSTRUCTIONS IN PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING TO UNDERTAKE THAT WILL ENHANCE PROFESSIONAL GROWTH”.

PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING FACULTY

Nursing Associations In The Philippines The founding President was Grace Oppus Villanueva of Makati medical Center. It modified the rates of private duty nurses and formulation of specific qualifications.

PRIVATE DUTY NURSES ASSOCIATION OF THE PHILIPPINES

Nursing Associations In The Philippines Composed of nurses in the operating room. They are committed to (a) improvement of management techniques and facilities. (b) ensure maximum service to all patients, and (c) promote professional development, personal growth, and well being of its members.

OPERATING ROOM NURSES ASSOCIATION OF THE PHILIPPINES

Nursing Associations In The Philippines They view mental health and illness as a state of adaptation used by the individual in coping with the circumstances in life. Subscribe to the belief that the psychiatric nurse can interact with an individual, family and community and assist them to the use of their own resources to maintain mental health and acquire a healthy state of adaptation when mental illness occurs.

PSYCHIATRIC NURSING SPECIALIST FOUNDATION OF THE PHILIPPINES

Nursing Associations In The Philippines Organized in 1956 at the Instance of the Apostolic Nuncio of the Philippines. Headquarters at 788 Gen Solano St, san Miguel Manila Its official organ is “CATHOLIC NURSES GUILD MAGAZINE”.

CATHOLIC NURSING GUILD

Nursing Associations In The Philippines Created on March 22,1947 and it was officially recognized by the International Committees of Red cross on March 24, 1947. Its major services include: Disaster preparedness and relief services, Safety services, Nursing services, and Social services.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS

Prominent Nursing Leaders in the Philippines First Filipino nurse who has a Masters degree in nursing in the US.

CESARIA TAN

Prominent Nursing Leaders in the Philippines Reformed social services for indigenous patients at San Lazaro Hospital.

SOCORRO SIRILAN

Prominent Nursing Leaders in the Philippines First Filipino Industrial Nurse.

MAGDALENA VALENZUELA

Prominent Nursing Leaders in the Philippines Founder of national League of Philippine government nurses.

ANNIE SAND

Prominent Nursing Leaders in the Philippines First Female Military Nurse.

COL. ELVEGIA MENDOZA

Prominent Nursing Leaders in the Philippines Known as the dean of the Philippine nursing Education and referred to as the Florence nightingale of Iloilo.

LORETA TUPAZ

Prominent Nursing Leaders in the Philippines First editor of “THE MESSAGE”. First journal of PNA formerly known as FNA.

SOCORRO DIAZ

Prominent Nursing Leaders in the Philippines First editor of “THE FILIPINO NURSES”, the second journal of PNA.

CONCHITA RUIZ

Prominent Nursing Leaders in the Philippines Considered as “Florence Nightingale of the Philippines”. Founder and the first Dean of the UP, CN who gave way to professional Nursing in the Philippines. Professor Emeritus of UPCN The author of CODE OF ETHICS FOR NURSES (PRC BON RES.NO.633,1982) Chairman Committee of Legal Aspect of Nursing which created the first Philippine Nursing Law also known as R.A. 877, 1953.

DEAN JULITA VILLARUEL-SOTEJO

Prominent Nursing Leaders in the Philippines First Filipino Nurse with a title of Nursing superintendent Chief Nurse at the PGH. Founder of Filipino nurses Association (FNA) at present known as Philippine nurses association (PNA).

ANASTACIA GIRON TUPAS

Prominent Nursing Leaders in the Philippines First President of FNA She was a graduate of PGH in 1912.

ROSARIO MONTEMAYOR DELGADO

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