Swine production 1

Mutated Lemon · 100問 · 2年前

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The top five major producing regions

Central Visayas, Northern Mindanao, Western Visayas, CALABARZON, Davao Region

Different production system

Sow herd Enterprise, Growing - Finishing Enterprise, Boar for Hire Enterprise

3 Operations of Sow Herd Enterprise

Furrow to Feeder Operation, Furrow to Finish Operation, Furrow to Breeder Operations

operations starts with pregnant gilt/ sow to produce pigs/ weanlings and sold to other raisers who grows them until marketable weight is achieved.

Furrow to Feeder Operation

operation also starts with pregnant gilt/ sow to produce the feeder pigs/ weanlings, which grows until slaughter weight is achieved.

Furrow to Finish Operation

operation also starts with pregnant gilt/ sow to produce the breeder stocks, specifically junior boars and replacement gilts.

Furrow to Breeder Operations

Starts with feeder/ weanlings and carries them to slaughter weight of about 80 to 95 kg.

Growing - Finishing Enterprise

Starts with a young boar, which grows and train to breeder age. The board is used to breed gilts/ sows in the community for a fee.

Boar for Hire Enterprise

Pig performance is based on ___ of its environment and ___ in its genetics

70% 30%

Success Triangle Program

Genetics, Nutrition, Management

Common Pure breeds

Landrace, Largewhite/ Yorkshire, Duroc, Hampshire, Berkshire, Pietrain

White in color Longest breed of swine with 16 to 17 ribs. Known for its prolificacy and mothering ability under Philippine condition. Have superior drooping ears Heavy milkers Excellent litter size

Landrace

First develop in Denmark for the production of bacon.

Landrace

White in color. Large litters Have erect ears Good mothering ability Excellent milkers Strong legs Adapt well to confinement

Largewhite/Yorkshire

This breed originated from Yorkshire and neighboring countries of Northern England.

Largewhite/Yorkshire

Have a solid colors ranging from very high light golden to very dark red that approaches the color of mahogany. Superior in terms of growth rate and feed efficiency. Good muscle quality and resistant to stress. Good resistance against rugged condition.

Duroc

originated in the Eastern United States and in the Corn Belt.

Duroc

This breed have white belt around the shoulder and body including the foreleg. They are adapted to rugged conditions Ears are erect, shoulders are smooth and legs are short. They are prolific

Hampshire

Originated from Southern England.

Hampshire

Distinct characteristic of this breed is short and sometimes upturned nose. Ears are erect but inclined forward. The color is black with six white spots, four white feet, one on the forehead and another on the switch of the tail.

Berkshire

Originated from South Central England, principally in the countries Berkshire and Wiltshire.

Berkshire

This breed is known as “muscle pigs” because of its outstanding muscle development in the ham, loin and shoulder. Spotted black and white color Ears are erect The back fat is very thin and its mothering ability is well within acceptable level.

Pietrain

Pietrain, Belgium, the village from which the breed takes its name, was the birthplace of the breed.

Pietrain

They are generally small Mature females weigh about 30 to 40 kilograms Boars weigh about 40 to 50 kilograms. Average height is 55 cm Body length is about 80 cm. Body measures at the shoulder is 16 cm. Color of their body are generally black.

Philippine Native Swine

There are five strains of pigs developed and documented in the Philippines that contained genes of native pigs:

Kaman, Diani, Black Ilocos, Berkjala Strain, Koronadal Pig

common in the province of Batangas. It is the result from Native Pig (Batangas)+ Duroc

Kaman

it is the result from crossing the Native Pig (Batangas) + Berkshire

Diani

result from corssing Native Pig (Ilocos) + Berkshire or Poland China breeds.

Black Ilocos

was develop in 1916 at UP College of Agriculture. This is the result of crossing Native Pig (Jalajala, Rizal) + Berkshire. It has 75% dressing percentage.

Berkjala Strain

it is intermediate between the lard and the bacon type of swine.

Koronadal pig

This breed is common particularly in China. It is black in color Well-known for its prolificacy, early sexual maturity ranging from 2.5 to 3 months and large litter size (15 to 16 piglets)

Meishan pig

Palawan bearded pig

Sus barbatus

Philippine warty pig

Sus philippinensis

This are the results of a combination of the good characteristics traits of superior genetics breeds.

Hybrid

Hybrids

Dalland, Hypig, Camborough, Genemaster 100

It was developed in the Netherlands by a group of breeding companies called TOPIGS. The foundation breed is the Pietrain along with Largewhite and Landrace

Dalland

A hybrid developed by Eurobrid, Netherlands. The product line for sowline and boar line. In the sowline, breeds of Largewhite, Landrace, Meishian were used. For the boar line, Pietrain and Duroc the basic breeds used in the line.

Hypig

A hybrid developed by PIC 35 years ago and the name become synonymous with prolificacy. known of its docile temperament, good mothering ability to rear large numbers of lean fast growing piglets, and stress negative.

Camborough

It is known to produce large litters, docile with good mothering ability and rebreeding ability. It is also a productive hybrid developed for intensive systems.

Genemaster 100

These are the methods employed by breeders for breeding animals.

Breeding System

This are the systems of mating animals to produce a pure breed or a crossbreed.

Breeding System

System of mating is particularly important in pig improvement since use of the correct system can greatly increase production.

Breeding System

Breeding Processes

Inbreeding, Purebreeding, Crossbreeding, Upgrading

This are the breeding of closely-related animals.

Inbreeding

This is done to purify the blood line of the animals since the similarity of the animals within the group is increased

Inbreeding

Continuous __________ is not recommendable due to its negative effect on the production performance of the animal.

Inbreeding

Strong and weak points of the animals will be exposed under this system.

Inbreeding

This is done to maintain the production supply of the breed.

Purebreeding

A system of breeding wherein animals of the same breed are mated to each other, resulting to the production of pure breeds.

Purebreeding

Through this system, the breeders are able to acquire the best available genetic materials at reasonable prices.

Purebreeding

This is practiced to combine traits of different breeds. .

Crossbreeding

Breeding of two animals from different breeds.

Crossbreeding

This is the system recommended for the production of slaughter pigs

Crossbreeding

hybrid vigor also known as?

heterosis

Refers to the result to large improvement in the average performance of the F1 progeny over that of the parents.

hybrid vigor or heterosis

Is defined as the change in performance of the crossbred progeny over the average of the parental breeds

Hybrid vigor or heterosis

Crossbreeding can be differentiated as follow

two-way-cross, three-way-cross, four-way-cross

mating with the use of two different breeds.

two-way-cross

mating with the use of three different breeds.

three-way-cross

mating with the use of four different breeds.

four-way-cross

It is commonly used among native breeds. The native breeds are usually crossed with pure breeds of swine.

upgrading

It is a system of breeding wherein an inferior breed is improved by continued crossing.

upgrading

is used to improve the common stock.

upgrading

This procedure is repeated until the resulting offsprings approach the characteristics of the purebred.

upgrading

Process of choosing certain animals to be parents of future generations

selection

is a systematic way of choosing the desired characteristics of pigs for breeding purposes.

selection

when to perform selection? Initial evaluation-? Final evaluation -?

2-3 months, 5-6 months

Two way of selection

Natural Selection, Artificial Selection

The best boar gets the best sows, while the weak, sickly and poor ones usually die naturally and have lower chances of breeding other animals. As time goes on, the herd is getting better ("survival of the fittest").

Natural Selection

There is intervention of man in this selection. Man himself chooses which pig can be used for breeding based on his own set of standards.

Artificial Selection

Selecting Gilts

Performance, Post weaning Rate of growth, Backfat, Feed efficiency, Feet and legs

Selecting Boars

Behavior, Sow productivity, Performance, Backfat, Reproductive soundness

Methods of Selection

Pedigree method, Independent culling level method, Tandem method, Selection index method

In this method, selection is done on the basis of the individual's record of inheritance.

pedigree method

This method establishes minimum standards for each character, and selecting simultaneously but independently for each character. This system is most effective when you are considering only a few traits at a time

Independent culling level method

This refers to that system in which there is selection for only one trait at a time until the desired improvement in that particular trait is reached, following which selection is made for another trait, etc.

Tandem method

This method combines all important traits into one overall value or index. Theoretically, a selection index provides a more desirable way in which to select for several traits than either tandem method or independent culling method.

Selection Index method

Refers to the removal of unwanted animals in the herd. It requires intelligent and careful evaluation of every individual's merit of performance.

Culling

In a herd, it is common to cull at a rate of __ to __ percent.

30 to 40 %

Two types of culling

Planned culling, Unplanned culling

Pointers in Culling Boars and Gilts/ Sow

Reproductive failure, Feet and leg failure, Damaged udder section, Age

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