are crops (other than fruits or vegetables) that are grown for agricultural purposes; cultivated plant that are grown commercially on a large scale.

Are sometimes called agronomic crops.

These crops are grown for their edible grains rich in quality protein. They include mungbean,pea, peanut, pigeon pea, cow pea, soya beans.

These crops are grown for their edible grains rich in carbohydrate.

The word "cereal" is derived from the name of the most important grain deity, the Roman Goddess?

These crops are grown for their edible oil. They include Sesame, Sunflower, Safflower, Rape seeds, Linseed.

Grown for their sugar content and includes: Sugar cane (60% sugar come from this crop in the world), Sugar beet (40% sugar from this crop).

They grow for their fiber and this includes cotton and ramie

These are grown for their enlarged roots or tubers. Important root and tuber crops are Cassava, Sweet potato, Potato, Yam.

These crops are smoked or chewed for their stimulant effect. They include Tobacco, Chat

These crops are also sources of stimulants. They include Coffee, Tea, Cocoa

This group includes Tomatoes, Onions, Cabbages, Lettuce, Carrot, and Cucumber.

This group includes perennial fruit bearing crops. They include Papaya, Mango, Avocado, and Banana.

Crops grown as feed for ruminants. They are fed to the animals either fresh or in dried form, such as hay and silage. Napier grass, Centrosema, ipil ipil, Tobaco and castor bean.

are grasses grown for their edible seeds such as wheat, oats, barley. rye, rice, corn, grain and sorghum

AGRONOMIC CLASSIFICATION

is the staple food of the Philippines, with a rich cultural significance.

is an annual grass with vegetative parts consisting of roots, culm and leaves. The roots, culmand leaves forma tiller. At maturity, it may or may not produce an inflorescence called a panicle, which bears seeds.

Scientific name of rice

is the ripened ovary, with the lemma, palea, rachilla, sterile lemmas and the awn firmly attached to it the rice hull includes the lemma and palea and their associated structures - the sterile lemmas, rachilla, and awn.

The dehulled rice grain is called?

Three layers of caryopsis

The remaining part of the grain consists of the?

provides nourishment to the germinating embryo?

lies on the belly side of the grain and is enclosed by the lemma. It is the embryonic organ of the seed.

The embryo contains the ?

plumule also known as?

radicle also known as?

when germinated with light

when germinated in soil or darkness.

a covering enclosing the radicle or primary root, protrudes first.

a covering enclosing the young shoot, emerges ahead of the coleorhiza.

These roots eventually die and are replaced by many secondary adventitious roots.

The first seedling leaf or?

is a complete leaf.

It is green and shaped like a cylinder. It has no blade.

or basal portion of the coleoptile elongates when the seed germinates in soil, and in darkness. It pushes the coleoptile above the soil surface.

or jointed stem of the rice, is made up of a series of nodes and internodes

is the solid portion of the culm.

is enveloped the culm above the node. It is the best part of the leaf.

are born alternately on the culm in opposite directions.

how many days does a rice plant have in its reproductive stage?

how many days does a rice plant have in its ripening stage?

GROWTH PHASES OF THE RICE PLANT

Growth Stages of rice

is the development of the embryo into shoots and roots

is the time when the shoot tip sprouts from the soil or water surface.

This stage extends from the appearance of the first tiller until maximum tiller number is reached.

starts right after emergence and lasts until just before the first tiller appears

This stage begins before panicle initiation in late maturing varieties; it may occur during the later part of the tillering stage.

This stage begins with the initiation of the panicle primordium at the tip of the growing shoot and end when the young panicle is about to emerge.

is defined as the time when 50% of the panicles have exerted.

other term for flowering

follows after heading and refers to the series of events between the opening and closing of the spikelets.

The grain starts to fill with a white milky liquid that can be squeezed out.

The milky portion of the grain turns into a soft then a hard dough

The grains are fully developed, mature, hard and yellow.

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE CHOICE OF A VARIETY

is the process of preparing the soil to provide a favorable soil environment for plant germination and growth.is accomplished through tillage.

TWO TYPES OF TILLAGE

involves the initial cutting of the soil where a crop has been grown and harvested, or when the ground is simply barren. This can be performed by using either an animal or tractor drawn or mounted implement. (Plowing)

is the subsequent cultivation of the soil after primary tillage. This operation breaks the soil clods and incorporates materials thoroughly into the soil. The implement used is the harrow which is either comb-toothed or spike-toothed, (Harrowing)

TWO WAYS OF PREPARING RICE FIELDS

is the usual way of preparing lowland fields for planting. The soilis tilled in a saturated or flooded condition.

is the other method of preparing rice fields. This is for both lowland and upland fields where the soil is dry during land preparation.

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE METHOD OF LAND PREPARATION

Advantage of Wet tillage

Advantage of Dry tillage

Disadvantage of Wet tillage

Disadvantage of dry tillage

DWSR

THE IMPLEMENTS USED IN WETLAND TILLAGE

THE IMPLEMENTS USED IN DRYLAND TILLAGE

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE SELECTION OF IMPLEMENT TO BE USED

is a sequence of events that includes seeding, seed germination, seedling emergence and development to the stage where the seedlings could be expected to grow to maturity.

system refers to planting crops with minimum of soil disturbance.

(TPR)

One method of planting rice of establishment is not by sowing seeds but by transplanting seedlings that are grown in nurseries first.

follows a uniform spacing between plants. The seedlings are transplanted in straight rows. With this method you will need planting guides to have uniform spacing.

is an important factor in transplanting rice.

TWO METHODS OF GROWING RICE

(DWSR)

Dry direct seeding can be done by:

How is direct seeding on wet land done?

This is usually practiced along mountain slopes or where plowing and harrowing are difficult.

FACTORS CONSIDERED IN THE CHOICE OF METHODS

REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD SEEDLINGS

TWO METHODS OF TRANSPLANTING

A definite spacing is maintained between plants. This is done through the use of planting guides, markers, and mechanical transplanter.

This is done without definite distance or spacing between seedlings.