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Crop Sci Midterm 4
88問 • 2年前
  • Mutated Lemon
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Fruit General Modes of Development

    Apocarpous fruits, Syncarpous fruits, Multiple fruits, Simple fruit, Aggregate fruit, Accessory fruit

  • 2

    form from many different flowers

    Multiple fruits

  • 3

    develop from single flower having 1 or more separate carpels, simplest fruits.

    Apocarpous fruit

  • 4

    develops from one ovary

    Simple fruit

  • 5

    is a fruit that develops from the merger of several ovaries that were separated in a single flower

    Aggregate fruit

  • 6

    fruits develop from a single gynoecium having two or more carpels fused together

    Syncarpous fruit

  • 7

    is a fruit in which some of the flesh is derived noti the floral ovary but from some adjacent tissue exterior to the carpel

    Accessory fruit

  • 8

    Parts of a Fruit

    Pericarp, Seed

  • 9

    Parts of Pericarp

    Epicarp, Mesocarp, Endocarp

  • 10

    Parts of seed

    Embryo, Endosperm , Seed coat

  • 11

    Fleshy, edible part of the fruit

    Mesocarp

  • 12

    Outer skin of the fruit

    Epicarp

  • 13

    the Baby plant

    Embryo

  • 14

    Inner stony wall part of the fruit

    Endocarp

  • 15

    Reserved food of the seed

    Endosperm

  • 16

    Types of Simple Fruits

    Fleshy Fruits, Dry Fruits

  • 17

    a berry with a hard rind, the receptacle partially or completely enclosing the ovary

    Pepo

  • 18

    consist of 1 or more carpels with 1/more seeds, ovary wall fleshy

    Berry

  • 19

    a specialized berry with a leathery rind

    Hesperidium

  • 20

    Two type of berry

    Pepo, Hesperidium

  • 21

    derived from several carpels, receptacle and outer portion of pericarp fleshy, inner portion of pericarp papery or cartilaginous, forming a core

    Pome

  • 22

    a stone fruit, derived from a single carpel and contain (usually) one seed.

    Drupe

  • 23

    several separate carpels enclosed within the fleshy or semi-fleshy receptacle

    Hip

  • 24

    pericarp dry at maturity

    Dry fruit

  • 25

    pericarp fleshy at maturity

    Fleshy Fruits

  • 26

    Two types of Dry fruit

    Dehiscent Fruits, Indehiscent Fruits

  • 27

    those which do not split open at maturity

    Indehiscent Fruits

  • 28

    those which dehisce or split open when fully mature

    Dehiscent Fruits

  • 29

    type of Dehiscent Fruits

    Follicle, Legume, Capsule, Silique

  • 30

    type of Indehiscent fruit

    Achene/Akene, Caryopsis / Grain, Samara, Nut

  • 31

    composed of one carpeland splitting along a single suture

    Follicle

  • 32

    composed of several carpels and opening at maturity

    Capsule

  • 33

    composed of a single carpel and splitting along two sutures

    Legume

  • 34

    one-seeded fruit with the seed attached to the fruit at one point only

    Achine/ Akeme

  • 35

    composed of two carpels which separate at maturity, leaving a persistent partition between them

    Silique

  • 36

    one or two seeded fruit with the pericarp bearing a wing like outgrowth. A modified achene

    Samara

  • 37

    one-seeded fruit in which the seed is firmly attached to the fruit at all possible points.

    Caryopsis/Grains

  • 38

    hard, one-seeded frut generaly formed from a compound quary with the pericarp hard throughout

    Nut

  • 39

    is an important feature of some fruits of commerce, ex. bananas, pineapple

    Seedlessness

  • 40

    where fruits set without fertilization (in some species), may or may not require pollination but most seedless citrus fruits require stimulus from pollination to produce fruit

    Parthenocarpy

  • 41

    seedless bananas and grapes are triploids, and seedlessness results from the abortion of the embryonic plant that is produced by fertilization

    Stenospermocarpy

  • 42

    the process by which animals, wind, water, or explosive dehiscence spread the seed

    Seed dispersal

  • 43

    The word agriculture derives from the 2 Latin words

    Ager - Soil, Cultura - Cultivation

  • 44

    can be defined as the cultivation and/or production of crop plants or livestock products

    Agriculture

  • 45

    The growth factor in lowest supply (climatic, edaphic, biological or genetic) sets the capacity for yield

    Liebig's Law of the Minimum

  • 46

    When the process is conditioned as to its rapidity by a number of separate factors, the rate of the process is limited by the slowest factor

    Blackman's Theory of Optima and Limiting Factors

  • 47

    noted that when plants have adequate amounts of all but one limiting element, the growth response was proportional to the limitation element

    Mitscherlich Law of Diminishing Returns

  • 48

    the irreversible increase in size, including length and volume

    Growth

  • 49

    the change in size, shape, form, degree of differentiation and state of complexity

    Development

  • 50

    the progressive change from the structurally simple meristematic tissue to complex and variable tissue and combinations of tissues in the adult plant body.

    Differentiation

  • 51

    Phases of Plant Growth

    Lag, Log, Declining, Steady, Senescence

  • 52

    grand period of growth, rate of growth is exponential

    Log

  • 53

    early vegetative growth

    Lag

  • 54

    characterized by death of the plant or the plant part

    Senescence

  • 55

    grain filling and ripening occurs at a steady rate until growth ceases

    Steady

  • 56

    onset of flowering is offset by leaf abscission so the rate of increase decreases

    Declining

  • 57

    Stages of Plant Development

    Seedling stage, Vegetative stage, Reproductive stage

  • 58

    consists of the juvenile stage between germination and flowering, characterized by progressive increase in the complexity and size of the root system and the foliage including the increase in the number of branches and twigs.

    Vegetative stage

  • 59

    starts from germination until true leaves are formed.

    Seedling stage

  • 60

    occurs when the plant becomes physiologically ready for flowering until the fruits and seeds mature

    Reproductive stage

  • 61

    the inability of the seed to germinate due to factors which are inherent in the seed

    Dormancy

  • 62

    The failure of the seed to germinate due to absence of any essential environmental requirement for germination

    Quiescence

  • 63

    The resumption of the active growth of the embryo resulting in the rupture of the seed coat by the radicle (embryonic root) or by the shoot leading to the emergence of a new seedling plant

    Germination

  • 64

    Methods of Breaking Seed Dormancy

    Soaking in water, Scarification, Stratification, Chemical treatment, Breaking the seedcoat

  • 65

    hard seed coats are rubbed in abrasive paper or any rough material to make them permeable to water and gases

    Scarification

  • 66

    (cold or warm), dipping in boiling water

    Soaking in water

  • 67

    involves the storage of seeds under high moisture content at low temperature to allow the seeds to undergo after-ripening

    Stratification

  • 68

    the use of KNO3, thiourea, hydrogen peroxide and growth regulators (gibberellic acid, kinetin, ethylene

    Chemical treatment

  • 69

    removal of hilum covering

    Breaking the seedcoat

  • 70

    Sequential stages in the Germination Process

    Awakening or activation, Digestion and translocation, Cell division and enlargement of the embryo, emergence of the radicle or shoot

  • 71

    Patterns of Germination

    Epigeous germination, Hypogeous germination

  • 72

    the hypocotyl elongates and raises the cotyledons above the ground (generally dicot)

    Epigeous germination

  • 73

    the hypocotyl does not raise the cotyledons above the ground, only the epicotyl emerges (generally monodicot)

    Hypogeous germination

  • 74

    Essential Requisites for Germination

    The seed must be viable, Internal conditions of the seed must be favored for germination, The seed must be subjected to appropriate environmental conditions

  • 75

    Essential Environmental Conditions for Germination

    Water, Oxygen, Proper Temperature, Light (red light)

  • 76

    What is red light?

    780 nano meter

  • 77

    Methods of testing Seed Germination

    Ragdoll method, Petridish method, Seedbox method, Tetrazolium Test

  • 78

    a hormone that Induce elongation in shoot cells

    Auxins

  • 79

    Factor in stem growth like auxin, can cause excessive elongation in a number of plant stems.

    Gibberellic acid (GA)

  • 80

    gibberellic acid was discovered and isolated from fungus by?

    Gibberella fujikoroi

  • 81

    a hormone with Number of naturally occurring compounds including Zeatin and Kinins

    Cytokinins

  • 82

    single structure, found in all green plants, also in some mosses, algae, and fungi

    Abscisic acid

  • 83

    a gaseous plant hormone made by most plants including angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns, mosses, liverworts and also synthesized by fungi and bacteria

    Ethylene

  • 84

    naked seeds

    Gymnosperm

  • 85

    Seeds inside the fruit

    Angiosperm

  • 86

    what is CAM

    Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

  • 87

    Photosynthesis with 3 carbon molecules

    C3 photosynthesis

  • 88

    Photosynthesis with 4 Carbon molecules

    C4 Photosynthesis

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Fruit General Modes of Development

    Apocarpous fruits, Syncarpous fruits, Multiple fruits, Simple fruit, Aggregate fruit, Accessory fruit

  • 2

    form from many different flowers

    Multiple fruits

  • 3

    develop from single flower having 1 or more separate carpels, simplest fruits.

    Apocarpous fruit

  • 4

    develops from one ovary

    Simple fruit

  • 5

    is a fruit that develops from the merger of several ovaries that were separated in a single flower

    Aggregate fruit

  • 6

    fruits develop from a single gynoecium having two or more carpels fused together

    Syncarpous fruit

  • 7

    is a fruit in which some of the flesh is derived noti the floral ovary but from some adjacent tissue exterior to the carpel

    Accessory fruit

  • 8

    Parts of a Fruit

    Pericarp, Seed

  • 9

    Parts of Pericarp

    Epicarp, Mesocarp, Endocarp

  • 10

    Parts of seed

    Embryo, Endosperm , Seed coat

  • 11

    Fleshy, edible part of the fruit

    Mesocarp

  • 12

    Outer skin of the fruit

    Epicarp

  • 13

    the Baby plant

    Embryo

  • 14

    Inner stony wall part of the fruit

    Endocarp

  • 15

    Reserved food of the seed

    Endosperm

  • 16

    Types of Simple Fruits

    Fleshy Fruits, Dry Fruits

  • 17

    a berry with a hard rind, the receptacle partially or completely enclosing the ovary

    Pepo

  • 18

    consist of 1 or more carpels with 1/more seeds, ovary wall fleshy

    Berry

  • 19

    a specialized berry with a leathery rind

    Hesperidium

  • 20

    Two type of berry

    Pepo, Hesperidium

  • 21

    derived from several carpels, receptacle and outer portion of pericarp fleshy, inner portion of pericarp papery or cartilaginous, forming a core

    Pome

  • 22

    a stone fruit, derived from a single carpel and contain (usually) one seed.

    Drupe

  • 23

    several separate carpels enclosed within the fleshy or semi-fleshy receptacle

    Hip

  • 24

    pericarp dry at maturity

    Dry fruit

  • 25

    pericarp fleshy at maturity

    Fleshy Fruits

  • 26

    Two types of Dry fruit

    Dehiscent Fruits, Indehiscent Fruits

  • 27

    those which do not split open at maturity

    Indehiscent Fruits

  • 28

    those which dehisce or split open when fully mature

    Dehiscent Fruits

  • 29

    type of Dehiscent Fruits

    Follicle, Legume, Capsule, Silique

  • 30

    type of Indehiscent fruit

    Achene/Akene, Caryopsis / Grain, Samara, Nut

  • 31

    composed of one carpeland splitting along a single suture

    Follicle

  • 32

    composed of several carpels and opening at maturity

    Capsule

  • 33

    composed of a single carpel and splitting along two sutures

    Legume

  • 34

    one-seeded fruit with the seed attached to the fruit at one point only

    Achine/ Akeme

  • 35

    composed of two carpels which separate at maturity, leaving a persistent partition between them

    Silique

  • 36

    one or two seeded fruit with the pericarp bearing a wing like outgrowth. A modified achene

    Samara

  • 37

    one-seeded fruit in which the seed is firmly attached to the fruit at all possible points.

    Caryopsis/Grains

  • 38

    hard, one-seeded frut generaly formed from a compound quary with the pericarp hard throughout

    Nut

  • 39

    is an important feature of some fruits of commerce, ex. bananas, pineapple

    Seedlessness

  • 40

    where fruits set without fertilization (in some species), may or may not require pollination but most seedless citrus fruits require stimulus from pollination to produce fruit

    Parthenocarpy

  • 41

    seedless bananas and grapes are triploids, and seedlessness results from the abortion of the embryonic plant that is produced by fertilization

    Stenospermocarpy

  • 42

    the process by which animals, wind, water, or explosive dehiscence spread the seed

    Seed dispersal

  • 43

    The word agriculture derives from the 2 Latin words

    Ager - Soil, Cultura - Cultivation

  • 44

    can be defined as the cultivation and/or production of crop plants or livestock products

    Agriculture

  • 45

    The growth factor in lowest supply (climatic, edaphic, biological or genetic) sets the capacity for yield

    Liebig's Law of the Minimum

  • 46

    When the process is conditioned as to its rapidity by a number of separate factors, the rate of the process is limited by the slowest factor

    Blackman's Theory of Optima and Limiting Factors

  • 47

    noted that when plants have adequate amounts of all but one limiting element, the growth response was proportional to the limitation element

    Mitscherlich Law of Diminishing Returns

  • 48

    the irreversible increase in size, including length and volume

    Growth

  • 49

    the change in size, shape, form, degree of differentiation and state of complexity

    Development

  • 50

    the progressive change from the structurally simple meristematic tissue to complex and variable tissue and combinations of tissues in the adult plant body.

    Differentiation

  • 51

    Phases of Plant Growth

    Lag, Log, Declining, Steady, Senescence

  • 52

    grand period of growth, rate of growth is exponential

    Log

  • 53

    early vegetative growth

    Lag

  • 54

    characterized by death of the plant or the plant part

    Senescence

  • 55

    grain filling and ripening occurs at a steady rate until growth ceases

    Steady

  • 56

    onset of flowering is offset by leaf abscission so the rate of increase decreases

    Declining

  • 57

    Stages of Plant Development

    Seedling stage, Vegetative stage, Reproductive stage

  • 58

    consists of the juvenile stage between germination and flowering, characterized by progressive increase in the complexity and size of the root system and the foliage including the increase in the number of branches and twigs.

    Vegetative stage

  • 59

    starts from germination until true leaves are formed.

    Seedling stage

  • 60

    occurs when the plant becomes physiologically ready for flowering until the fruits and seeds mature

    Reproductive stage

  • 61

    the inability of the seed to germinate due to factors which are inherent in the seed

    Dormancy

  • 62

    The failure of the seed to germinate due to absence of any essential environmental requirement for germination

    Quiescence

  • 63

    The resumption of the active growth of the embryo resulting in the rupture of the seed coat by the radicle (embryonic root) or by the shoot leading to the emergence of a new seedling plant

    Germination

  • 64

    Methods of Breaking Seed Dormancy

    Soaking in water, Scarification, Stratification, Chemical treatment, Breaking the seedcoat

  • 65

    hard seed coats are rubbed in abrasive paper or any rough material to make them permeable to water and gases

    Scarification

  • 66

    (cold or warm), dipping in boiling water

    Soaking in water

  • 67

    involves the storage of seeds under high moisture content at low temperature to allow the seeds to undergo after-ripening

    Stratification

  • 68

    the use of KNO3, thiourea, hydrogen peroxide and growth regulators (gibberellic acid, kinetin, ethylene

    Chemical treatment

  • 69

    removal of hilum covering

    Breaking the seedcoat

  • 70

    Sequential stages in the Germination Process

    Awakening or activation, Digestion and translocation, Cell division and enlargement of the embryo, emergence of the radicle or shoot

  • 71

    Patterns of Germination

    Epigeous germination, Hypogeous germination

  • 72

    the hypocotyl elongates and raises the cotyledons above the ground (generally dicot)

    Epigeous germination

  • 73

    the hypocotyl does not raise the cotyledons above the ground, only the epicotyl emerges (generally monodicot)

    Hypogeous germination

  • 74

    Essential Requisites for Germination

    The seed must be viable, Internal conditions of the seed must be favored for germination, The seed must be subjected to appropriate environmental conditions

  • 75

    Essential Environmental Conditions for Germination

    Water, Oxygen, Proper Temperature, Light (red light)

  • 76

    What is red light?

    780 nano meter

  • 77

    Methods of testing Seed Germination

    Ragdoll method, Petridish method, Seedbox method, Tetrazolium Test

  • 78

    a hormone that Induce elongation in shoot cells

    Auxins

  • 79

    Factor in stem growth like auxin, can cause excessive elongation in a number of plant stems.

    Gibberellic acid (GA)

  • 80

    gibberellic acid was discovered and isolated from fungus by?

    Gibberella fujikoroi

  • 81

    a hormone with Number of naturally occurring compounds including Zeatin and Kinins

    Cytokinins

  • 82

    single structure, found in all green plants, also in some mosses, algae, and fungi

    Abscisic acid

  • 83

    a gaseous plant hormone made by most plants including angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns, mosses, liverworts and also synthesized by fungi and bacteria

    Ethylene

  • 84

    naked seeds

    Gymnosperm

  • 85

    Seeds inside the fruit

    Angiosperm

  • 86

    what is CAM

    Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

  • 87

    Photosynthesis with 3 carbon molecules

    C3 photosynthesis

  • 88

    Photosynthesis with 4 Carbon molecules

    C4 Photosynthesis