Crop Sci Midterm 4

Mutated Lemon · 100問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

Fruit General Modes of Development

Apocarpous fruits, Syncarpous fruits, Multiple fruits, Simple fruit, Aggregate fruit, Accessory fruit

form from many different flowers

Multiple fruits

develop from single flower having 1 or more separate carpels, simplest fruits.

Apocarpous fruit

develops from one ovary

Simple fruit

is a fruit that develops from the merger of several ovaries that were separated in a single flower

Aggregate fruit

fruits develop from a single gynoecium having two or more carpels fused together

Syncarpous fruit

is a fruit in which some of the flesh is derived noti the floral ovary but from some adjacent tissue exterior to the carpel

Accessory fruit

Parts of a Fruit

Pericarp, Seed

Parts of Pericarp

Epicarp, Mesocarp, Endocarp

Parts of seed

Embryo, Endosperm, Seed coat

Fleshy, edible part of the fruit

Mesocarp

Outer skin of the fruit

Epicarp

the Baby plant

Embryo

Inner stony wall part of the fruit

Endocarp

Reserved food of the seed

Endosperm

Types of Simple Fruits

Fleshy Fruits, Dry Fruits

a berry with a hard rind, the receptacle partially or completely enclosing the ovary

Pepo

consist of 1 or more carpels with 1/more seeds, ovary wall fleshy

Berry

a specialized berry with a leathery rind

Hesperidium

Two type of berry

Pepo, Hesperidium

derived from several carpels, receptacle and outer portion of pericarp fleshy, inner portion of pericarp papery or cartilaginous, forming a core

Pome

a stone fruit, derived from a single carpel and contain (usually) one seed.

Drupe

several separate carpels enclosed within the fleshy or semi-fleshy receptacle

Hip

pericarp dry at maturity

Dry fruit

pericarp fleshy at maturity

Fleshy Fruits

Two types of Dry fruit

Dehiscent Fruits, Indehiscent Fruits

those which do not split open at maturity

Indehiscent Fruits

those which dehisce or split open when fully mature

Dehiscent Fruits

type of Dehiscent Fruits

Follicle, Legume, Capsule, Silique

type of Indehiscent fruit

Achene/Akene, Caryopsis / Grain, Samara, Nut

composed of one carpeland splitting along a single suture

Follicle

composed of several carpels and opening at maturity

Capsule

composed of a single carpel and splitting along two sutures

Legume

one-seeded fruit with the seed attached to the fruit at one point only

Achine/ Akeme

composed of two carpels which separate at maturity, leaving a persistent partition between them

Silique

one or two seeded fruit with the pericarp bearing a wing like outgrowth. A modified achene

Samara

one-seeded fruit in which the seed is firmly attached to the fruit at all possible points.

Caryopsis/Grains

hard, one-seeded frut generaly formed from a compound quary with the pericarp hard throughout

Nut

is an important feature of some fruits of commerce, ex. bananas, pineapple

Seedlessness

where fruits set without fertilization (in some species), may or may not require pollination but most seedless citrus fruits require stimulus from pollination to produce fruit

Parthenocarpy

seedless bananas and grapes are triploids, and seedlessness results from the abortion of the embryonic plant that is produced by fertilization

Stenospermocarpy

the process by which animals, wind, water, or explosive dehiscence spread the seed

Seed dispersal

The word agriculture derives from the 2 Latin words

Ager - Soil, Cultura - Cultivation

can be defined as the cultivation and/or production of crop plants or livestock products

Agriculture

The growth factor in lowest supply (climatic, edaphic, biological or genetic) sets the capacity for yield

Liebig's Law of the Minimum

When the process is conditioned as to its rapidity by a number of separate factors, the rate of the process is limited by the slowest factor

Blackman's Theory of Optima and Limiting Factors

noted that when plants have adequate amounts of all but one limiting element, the growth response was proportional to the limitation element

Mitscherlich Law of Diminishing Returns

the irreversible increase in size, including length and volume

Growth

the change in size, shape, form, degree of differentiation and state of complexity

Development

the progressive change from the structurally simple meristematic tissue to complex and variable tissue and combinations of tissues in the adult plant body.

Differentiation

Phases of Plant Growth

Lag, Log, Declining, Steady, Senescence

grand period of growth, rate of growth is exponential

Log

early vegetative growth

Lag

characterized by death of the plant or the plant part

Senescence

grain filling and ripening occurs at a steady rate until growth ceases

Steady

onset of flowering is offset by leaf abscission so the rate of increase decreases

Declining

Stages of Plant Development

Seedling stage, Vegetative stage, Reproductive stage

consists of the juvenile stage between germination and flowering, characterized by progressive increase in the complexity and size of the root system and the foliage including the increase in the number of branches and twigs.

Vegetative stage

starts from germination until true leaves are formed.

Seedling stage

occurs when the plant becomes physiologically ready for flowering until the fruits and seeds mature

Reproductive stage

the inability of the seed to germinate due to factors which are inherent in the seed

Dormancy

The failure of the seed to germinate due to absence of any essential environmental requirement for germination

Quiescence

The resumption of the active growth of the embryo resulting in the rupture of the seed coat by the radicle (embryonic root) or by the shoot leading to the emergence of a new seedling plant

Germination

Methods of Breaking Seed Dormancy

Soaking in water, Scarification, Stratification, Chemical treatment, Breaking the seedcoat

hard seed coats are rubbed in abrasive paper or any rough material to make them permeable to water and gases

Scarification

(cold or warm), dipping in boiling water

Soaking in water

involves the storage of seeds under high moisture content at low temperature to allow the seeds to undergo after-ripening

Stratification

the use of KNO3, thiourea, hydrogen peroxide and growth regulators (gibberellic acid, kinetin, ethylene

Chemical treatment

removal of hilum covering

Breaking the seedcoat

Sequential stages in the Germination Process

Awakening or activation, Digestion and translocation, Cell division and enlargement of the embryo, emergence of the radicle or shoot

Patterns of Germination

Epigeous germination, Hypogeous germination

the hypocotyl elongates and raises the cotyledons above the ground (generally dicot)

Epigeous germination

the hypocotyl does not raise the cotyledons above the ground, only the epicotyl emerges (generally monodicot)

Hypogeous germination

Essential Requisites for Germination

The seed must be viable, Internal conditions of the seed must be favored for germination, The seed must be subjected to appropriate environmental conditions

Essential Environmental Conditions for Germination

Water, Oxygen, Proper Temperature, Light (red light)

What is red light?

780 nano meter

Methods of testing Seed Germination

Ragdoll method, Petridish method, Seedbox method, Tetrazolium Test

a hormone that Induce elongation in shoot cells

Auxins

Factor in stem growth like auxin, can cause excessive elongation in a number of plant stems.

Gibberellic acid (GA)

gibberellic acid was discovered and isolated from fungus by?

Gibberella fujikoroi

a hormone with Number of naturally occurring compounds including Zeatin and Kinins

Cytokinins

single structure, found in all green plants, also in some mosses, algae, and fungi

Abscisic acid

a gaseous plant hormone made by most plants including angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns, mosses, liverworts and also synthesized by fungi and bacteria

Ethylene

naked seeds

Gymnosperm

Seeds inside the fruit

Angiosperm

what is CAM

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

Photosynthesis with 3 carbon molecules

C3 photosynthesis

Photosynthesis with 4 Carbon molecules

C4 Photosynthesis

Soil Tech Midterm 1

Soil Tech Midterm 1

100問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 51問 · 2年前

Soil Tech Midterm 2

Soil Tech Midterm 2

51問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 100問 · 2年前

Crop Sci Midterm 1

Crop Sci Midterm 1

100問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 77問 · 2年前

Crop Sci Midterm 2

Crop Sci Midterm 2

77問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 46問 · 2年前

Poultry Production Midterm 1

Poultry Production Midterm 1

46問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 41問 · 2年前

Crop and Animal improvement Midterm 1

Crop and Animal improvement Midterm 1

41問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 32問 · 2年前

Agri mech midterm 1

Agri mech midterm 1

32問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 74問 · 2年前

Irrigation and Drainage midterm 1

Irrigation and Drainage midterm 1

74問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 30問 · 2年前

Soil Tech Lab Exam 1

Soil Tech Lab Exam 1

30問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 41問 · 2年前

Soil Tech Finals 1

Soil Tech Finals 1

41問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 72問 · 2年前

Module 1 Genetics

Module 1 Genetics

72問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 46問 · 2年前

Soil Tech Finals 2

Soil Tech Finals 2

46問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 20問 · 2年前

module 2 (Poultry)

module 2 (Poultry)

20問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 37問 · 2年前

module 3 ( small ruminant)

module 3 ( small ruminant)

37問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 11問 · 2年前

Soil Tech Finals 3

Soil Tech Finals 3

11問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 30問 · 2年前

Finals Module 1

Finals Module 1

30問 • 2年前

Finals Module 3

Mutated Lemon · 8問 · 2年前

Finals Module 3

8問 • 2年前

Finals Module 4

Mutated Lemon · 9問 · 2年前

Finals Module 4

9問 • 2年前

Finals Module 5

Mutated Lemon · 6問 · 2年前

Finals Module 5

6問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 81問 · 2年前

finals module 6

finals module 6

81問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 26問 · 2年前

finals module 7

finals module 7

26問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 13問 · 2年前

finals module 8

finals module 8

13問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 28問 · 2年前

finals module 9

finals module 9

28問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 36問 · 2年前

Finals

Finals

36問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 100問 · 2年前

food processing 1

food processing 1

100問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 47問 · 2年前

Food Processing 2

Food Processing 2

47問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 84問 · 2年前

PHT 100 -1

PHT 100 -1

84問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 81問 · 2年前

Swine production 1

Swine production 1

81問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon · 90問 · 1年前

90問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 88問 · 1年前

swine 2

swine 2

88問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 78問 · 1年前

finals

finals

78問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 34問 · 1年前

finals

finals

34問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 63問 · 1年前

Mid 1

Mid 1

63問 • 1年前

Mid 1

Mid 1

Mutated Lemon · 24問 · 1年前

AgriExt M1

AgriExt M1

24問 • 1年前

Organic Fertilizer Production

Mutated Lemon · 9問 · 1年前

Organic Fertilizer Production

9問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 99問 · 1年前

99問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 90問 · 1年前

90問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 24問 · 1年前

24問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 95問 · 1年前

95問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 88問 · 1年前

OA Republic Act (RA 10068 - RA 11511)

OA Republic Act (RA 10068 - RA 11511)

88問 • 1年前

Mid 2

Mid 2

Mutated Lemon · 65問 · 1年前

Mid 3

Mid 3

65問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 35問 · 1年前

35問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 29問 · 1年前

History

History

29問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 46問 · 1年前

46問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 94問 · 1年前

94問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 88問 · 1年前

OA Republic Act (RA 10068 - RA 11511)

OA Republic Act (RA 10068 - RA 11511)

88問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 10問 · 1年前

PNS/BAFS

PNS/BAFS

10問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 19問 · 1年前

Organic swine/ Poultry /Vegetables

Organic swine/ Poultry /Vegetables

19問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 72問 · 1年前

Fin 1

Fin 1

72問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 54問 · 1年前

Fin 2

Fin 2

54問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 91問 · 1年前

91問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon · 100問 · 5ヶ月前

quiz 1 (module 1-4)

quiz 1 (module 1-4)

100問 • 5ヶ月前

Mutated Lemon · 30問 · 5ヶ月前

Organic Livestock and Poultry feeds - COP

Organic Livestock and Poultry feeds - COP

30問 • 5ヶ月前

Mutated Lemon · 50問 · 5ヶ月前

Organic Swine - COP

Organic Swine - COP

50問 • 5ヶ月前

Mutated Lemon · 33問 · 5ヶ月前

Organic Poultry - COP

Organic Poultry - COP

33問 • 5ヶ月前

Mutated Lemon · 69問 · 5ヶ月前

ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

69問 • 5ヶ月前

Mutated Lemon · 17問 · 5ヶ月前

Organic Milled Rice - COP

Organic Milled Rice - COP

17問 • 5ヶ月前

Mutated Lemon · 11問 · 5ヶ月前

Organic Biocontrol Agents - Microbials and Botanicals

Organic Biocontrol Agents - Microbials and Botanicals

11問 • 5ヶ月前

Mutated Lemon · 14問 · 5ヶ月前

Organic Bio-Control Agents (OBCA) — Product Standard — Specifications

Organic Bio-Control Agents (OBCA) — Product Standard — Specifications

14問 • 5ヶ月前

Mutated Lemon · 22問 · 5ヶ月前

Organic Soil Amendments 2016

Organic Soil Amendments 2016

22問 • 5ヶ月前

Mutated Lemon · 29問 · 5ヶ月前

Organic Soil Amendments 2020

Organic Soil Amendments 2020

29問 • 5ヶ月前

Mutated Lemon · 36問 · 5ヶ月前

Organic Aquaculture

Organic Aquaculture

36問 • 5ヶ月前

Mutated Lemon · 26問 · 5ヶ月前

DC no.2

DC no.2

26問 • 5ヶ月前

Mutated Lemon · 42問 · 5ヶ月前

Dc no. 3

Dc no. 3

42問 • 5ヶ月前