TYPES OF SEEDS According to number of cotyledon:

Standard Germination Test

The equation to calculate germination percentage is:

determines the percentage of seeds that are alive in any seed lot.

The ______ are often fleshy and full of reserve food materials

The _______ provides an measure of the time course of seed germination.

The planting depth should not be deeper than ________of the seed.

In some seeds such as castor the endosperm formed as a result of _______, is a food storing tissue and called _______.

Otherwise known as the Seed Industry Development Act, was Enforced in 1992.

At the two ends of the embryonal axis are present the ____ and the ____.

For a seed to germinate, it requires a moderate Temperature of around _____ but There are some seeds which require special equirements either lower or higher Temperature between _____

In plants such as bean, gram and pea, the endosperm is not present in mature seeds and such seeds are called ?

The outermost covering of a seed is the ?

INTERNAL FACTORS

is the process in which a seed or spore emerges from a period of dormancy.

Moisture content needed for germination to occur ranges from

In maize seeds, It is the most abundant storage protein

Retain the endosperm tissue, which eventually dies but it is surrounded by a layer of living cells, called the ______

readily killed by drying, most especially if moisture content falls below the Critical value (12-30%)

An act to promote and develop the seed industry in the Philippines and create the National Seed Industry Council and for other Purposes.

They are the leaves of the embryo that provides nourishment in the developing plant

The main axis of the embryo which lies next to mycropyle

is a key period in a plant's life cycle allowing for distribution of offspring in space and time.

The level of germination in association with ______provides a very good estimate of the potential field performance

The _____ is a scar on the seed coat through which the developing seeds were attached to the fruit.

is the percentage pure seed (only the seed of the desired kind without contaminants) in the sample tested.

is an individual's collection of genes. The term also can refer to the two alleles inherited for a particular gene.

Consists of one large and shield shaped cotyledon known as _____ and a short axis with a ______ and a ______.

seeds produced from certified seeds which are widely available at village levels.

Above the hilum is a small pore called the ?

•There are four environmental factors which affect germination:

The outer covering of endosperm separates the embryo by a proteinous layer called ?

It is relatively rich in alanine and leucine, with lw levels of lysine and almost no tryptophan.

A good seeds should germinate at least ?

Seeds are placed in absorbent material in the dish

Two parts of embryo

The percentage of protein concentration in dicotyledonous seeds is high, with soybean and other legume seeds ranging from ______ compared to only _______ in cereal seeds.

At 5 DAP, the coleoptile (specialized tubular first leaf), shoot apical meristem, and radicle (embryonic root) form.

The _______ is small and situated in a groove at one end of the endosperm.

Within the seed coat is the _____, consisting of an embryonal axis and two cotyledons

Standard Germination Test

Types of seeds

can be dried to levels safe for orthodox Seeds without their Viability being Affected but are easily injured when exposed To low temperatures (seed moisture <10%)

The plumule and radicle are enclosed in sheaths which are called ______ and _______ respectively.

The first step in the seed germination process is the absorption of water called?

Seeds are sown in previously sterilized soil.

At 6-10 DAP, the shoot apical meristem initiates several vegetative leaves.

Stages of Embryonic development

monocotyledonous seeds are ?

The endosperm tissue is absorbed by the cotyledons. These then become the food reserve for the seed.

shepherd’s purse scientific name

Factors affecting seed germination

There are Two basic ways in Which Seeds Germinate.

tolerate drying to as low as 5% seed moisture under common conditions and low storage temperatures

may be defined as the fundamental process by which different plant species grow from a single seed into a plant.

one of the primary determinants of high yield that directly affects the performance of seedling emergence and plant growth. may be lost during storage because of unfavorable conditions, such as high moisture content and temperatures

The seed coat has two layers, the outer ____ and the inner _____.

Seeds are arranged in rows and rolled up. The rolled material is placed in a germinator at 90% RH at 26 °C for 16 hrs, then another 8 hours at 30°C for one to several weeks

Types of seed ccording to sensitivity to Drying and temperature

This stage occurs 2-4 DAP (Days after pollination). Following an initial horizontal division to create the apical and basal cells, a series of variable cell divisions create a multilayered, globular embryo.

During 11-20 DAP, the expression of maturation-related genes precedes the onset of dormancy.

It is a colometric test in which the biochemical reaction causes the test solution to change color under certain conditions. Respiring and viable seeds will change color to red; dead or non-respiring seeds remain colorless.

hypogeal emergence

This single- celled stage follows fusion of the haploid egg and sperm.

Epigeal emergence like ?