問題一覧
1
Methods of cattle identification
Branding, Use of ear tag, ear notching , Radio frequency identification (RFID)
2
Grazing method
Continuous stocking, Alternative stocking , rotational stocking , Deffered grazing
3
Breeding bull contribute how many genetic material to its offspring?
50%
4
– recurring grazing and resting among paddocks in a systematic manner
Rotational stocking
5
Protozoa
Babesiosis , Coccidiosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Neosporiasis, Trichomoniasis
6
The first milk that the cow produce, that contains antibody
Colostrum
7
Newly grazed plants will begin its regrowth
5-6 days after grazing!!!
8
Factors of Dynamics of Pasture Production
Soil, Climate , Vegetation , Animals
9
Dehorning method
caustic potash or soda application on the horn button in young 8 day old, dehorning irons for 1.5 -2.0 cm long horns, barnes dehorner , dehorning clippers for older calves upto 8 weeks of age, hand or electric saw for older animal
10
Parts of lasso
noose, eye splice , end splice
11
Types of flies
Bitting -Stable fly -horn fly -Black fly -Horse fly, Carrion/ wounds - Blow fly - screwworm - house fly, burrowing - heel fly
12
Animal welfare act of 1998
RA 8485
13
Minimum age of breeding (bull)
at least 2 years old
14
knots used to fasten two ropes together
Bends
15
– unrestricted, uninterrupted access
Continuous stocking
16
– length of time of grazing in a specific land area or paddock
Grazing period
17
results of studies on immunoglobulins (Ig) absorption
66 % at 6 hrs after birth , 7 % at 36 hrs after birth
18
The manner of using the pasture to supply the required forage of the animal
Pasture utilization
19
Factors to consider in constructing a fence
Movement of animals, System of grazing, Size of herds, Natural obstacles such as swamps and steep hills
20
knots used to fasten a rope to a another (stationary or solid) object
Hitch
21
Broad categories of causes of death among cattle herds
Infectious diseases, nutritional or metabolic diseases, parasitic diseases
22
– involves 2 paddocks being repeatedly grazed & rested in succession
Alternate stocking
23
Routes of administration
Oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous , intraperitoneal
24
Why is Herd division important
To ensure appropriate nutrition of various age groups, To prevent premature breeding , To prevent high rate of abortion
25
Test all breedable animal for
Brucellosis, Leptospirosis, Camphylobacteriosis, Trichomoniasis
26
Brand size
10 cm for letters and 8 cm for numbers
27
Highly specialized facility Results to efficient production due to lesser handling shrinkage.
Working corral
28
Lack of milk due to mastitis
Agalactia
29
Having hard to breathe
dyspnea
30
used for loop, knobs, stoppers
knot
31
– time elapsed between the beginning of 1 grazing period and the beginning of next grazing period in same paddock where the forage is regularly grazed and rested
Grazing cycle
32
involves the relationship of factors that causes pattern of changes in pasture production
Dynamics of Pasture Production
33
Briding bull is given supplementary feeds
60-90 days before and after breeding period
34
knots used to join two parts of the rope together by interweaving the ends or strands
Splices
35
Macrocyclic lactones
ivermectin, moxidectin, eprinomectin
36
Some suggested disease preventive measures
Start with healthy stocks , Parasite / diseases control work-ups, Adequate quality ration, Proper housing with clean water supply, Practice sanitation for quartered herd
37
Handling facility
Working corral , Race, Squeeze , dipping vat, weighing scale, loading chute
38
cows begin to produce colostrum
5 weeks pre-partum and ends at calving
39
Internal parasites
Flatworm, roundworm, tapeworm, protozoa
40
The Cattle herds
Pregnant herd, Breeding herd, Heifer herd, Steers,feeder, or fattening herd, Bull herd
41
implements the program with optimal supervision
Livestock raiser
42
generally, means all interlocking arrangements of rope, cord, string, etc.
knot
43
The removal of horns in young and older animal
Dehorning
44
The end of the rope is unlaid and then bent around and spliced into its own strand of the standing part
eye splice
45
an arbitrary number assigned to a mature cow
Animal Unit or AU
46
A single passageway/pathway constructed to facilitate implementation of different management practices
Race
47
provide a valuable reference for practicing selection and culling
Record keeping
48
The loop with running knot that binds closer the more it is drawn
noose
49
General management practices
Cattle Identification , Dehorning , Castration , Record keeping , Selection and culling
50
Factors affecting marbling
animal factors (breed,type,age), feed factors (energy level), management factors (conditioning)
51
Handling of cattle
lassoing cattle, restraining for branding , calf wrestling , casting down cattle
52
Meaning of Ig
immunoglobulins
53
It is the reasonable manipulation of the pasture utilization for a sustained production of forage DM available for grazing.
Grazing management
54
Other causes of “poor doing”
• External Parasites , • Malnutrition, • Pneumonia, • Mastitis, • Footrot
55
Imidazothiazoles
Levamisole
56
Uses of fence
Distribute animals uniformly, Prevents overgrazing due to: rough topography Peculiar grazing habits, Control drifting of animals, Fence poisonous plants, Shut out stray or trespass stocks
57
The contributory factors 2
1. early sexual maturity of females, 2. high conception rate, 3. high calf crop, 4. early rebreeding after calving, 5. excellent milk production, 6. availability of year round feed supply
58
The bulls is kept out of herds after?
2.5-3 years old
59
Methods of castration
Slitting , Bloodless (using burdizzo pinchers or elastrator and rubber rings)
60
Housing system
• Cow-calf Backyard Ranching Semiintensive/intensive, • Fattening Backyard Semi commercial/ commercial
61
Law in cattle identification
PD 533 Anti-cattle rustling law of 1974
62
Caused by parasites
parasitic diseases
63
– time elapsed between two successive cutting of forages
Cutting interval
64
Subjected to culling
cows that calves every 1.5-2 years, cows that produces little amount of milk, small, weak, and unhealthy animal , heifer that do not come in heat, heifer that do not meet the standard , bulls and cows that have undesirable hereditary defect
65
Condition for which distinctive nutritional requirement deficiency
nutritional or metabolic diseases
66
The goal of herd management
A crop of high quality, heavyweight calves
67
an arbitrary number assigned to the different classes of bovine of different ages and livestock species relative to the AU definition
animal unit equivalent
68
Cattle health program
Before breeding , Pregnancy period, Calving and Post-calving, Calves up to weaning, Weaning to growing period
69
Suckle colostrum milk within ?
3 hours after calving
70
– non-systematic rotation with other land units
Deferred grazing
71
Transmitted by pathogens
Infectious diseases
72
Inflammation of udder
Mastitis
73
Yield estimate could be affected by:
Cutting height (5-10 cm aboveground), botanical composition , moisture content (14-20% DM)
74
devices a herd health program that considers the local conditions and resources
veterinarian
75
Effects of castration
Tends to decrease the rate of liveweight gain by 15%- 20%
76
Benzimidazides
fenbendazole, , albendazole
77
External Parasites
Flies, Ticks, Lice , Mites
78
The contributory factors
Quality of management , Plane of nutrition , Farm infrastructures