Crop Sci Midterm 2

Mutated Lemon · 100問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

is the microscopic pores in plants

Stomata

A chloroplast has an envelope of two membranes surrounding a dense fluid called

Stroma

Suspended within the stroma is a third membrane system, made up of sacs called

Thylakoids

thylakoid sacs are stacked in columns called

Grana

The process of breathing in plants

Respiration

Physiological Processes Affecting Crop Production

Photosynthesis, Respiration, Transpiration, Translocation

the process of respiration when oxygen is not utilized

anaerobic respiration

The process of respiration when oxygen is utilized

aerobic respiration

The biochemical process, which occurs within cells and oxidises food to obtain energy

Cellular respiration

Is the stepwise oxidation of complex organic molecules and release of energy as ATP for various cellular metabolic activities.

Respiration

the mere exchange of gases is called?

External respiration

what is FAD?

flavin adenine dinucleotide

What is NAD?

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

What is ATP?

Adenosine triphosphate

Organic molecules are incompletely broken down in the

Cytosol

Stages of Respiration

Glycolysis, Krebs' Cycle or the citric acid cycle, The Respiratory Chain or Electron Transport Chain

Also known as-Embden-Meyerhof-Pamas Pathway

Glycolysis

The term glycolysis has originated from the Greek words?

glycos - sugar, lysis - splitting

Factors Affecting Respiration

Age and Tissue type, Temperature, Oxygen, CO₂, Physiological status of plant or plant Parts, Moisture Content of Tissues

Transpiration may occur through three main sites in the plant

Cuticle, Lenticle, Stomata

The loss of water from aerial parts of the plant in the form of water vapour

Transpiration

is the waxy covering of the epidermis of leaves and green herbaceous stems.

Cuticle

are minute pores on the epidermis of leaves, or tender green stems, whose opening and closing are controlled by guard cells

Stomata

Mechanism of transpiration

Evaporation, Diffusion

Factors affecting transpiration

Temperature, Wind velocity, Light, Water supply, Atmospheric pressure, Atmospheric humidity

Significance of transpiration

Absorption of water, Water movement, Mineral salt transport, Cooling, Protection from heat injury

It is seen in early morning in the form of water-drops at the margins or tips of leaves of herbaceous plants

Guttation

specialized pores present near the vein endings.

Hydathodes

A long-distance transport of photoassimilates

Translocation

Tissues involved in Translocation

Xylem, Phloem

Tissue that Moves materials via the process of transpiration

Xylem

Moves materials via the process of active translocation

Phloem

importer or consumer of assimilate

Sink

an organ or tissue that produces more assimilates than the requirement of the said organ for its own metabolism and growth exporter organ

Source

Factors affecting Translocation

Temperature, Light, Metabolic inhibitors, Mineral deficiencies, Concentration gradient, Hormones

chemical present in onion

Sulfuric acid

chemical substance that causes itchiness in gabi

Calcium oxalate

Glykoalkaloid chemical present in potato tuber which causes greening when exposed to sunlight

Solanine

White crystalline compound that causes hotness in some pepper varieties

Capsaicin

substance found in garlic; can heal common cold; can reduce/improve blood pressure and cholesterol, can be used to heal an-an and warts

Allicin

substance that causes bitter taste of ampalaya

Momordicin

regarded as one of the most fundamental and conspicuous characteristics of a living being

Growth

Types of Growth

Primary and Secondary Growth, Unlimited Growth, Limited Growth, Vegetative Growth, Reproductive Growth

The mitotic divisions of meristematic cells present at the root and shoot apex increases the length of the plant body

Primary and Secondary Growth

This is the stage, when root and shoot of plant continuously grow from germination stage to death and throughout the entire lifespan.

Unlimited Growth

The Growth of Plant before flowering. This Growth includes producing of stems, leaves and branches

Vegetative Growth

This is the stage, when fruits, leaves and flowers stop growing after attaining certain size. It is also called determinate type of Growth

Limited Growth

At this stage, plants start flowering, which is the reproductive part of the plant

Reproductive Growth

Factors Affecting Plant Growth

Temperature, Light, Water, Soil nutrients

is a term that includes all changes that an organism goes through during its life cycle from germination of the seed to senescence.

Development

Plant Growth Regulators

Auxin, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Ethylene, Abscisic acid

Three steps in plant movement

Perception, Transduction, Response

involves recognition of the environmental stimulus by the plant

Perception

shows the changes in the organ affected by the perceived stimulus

Response

involves biochemical and biophysical changes which occur in response to received stimulus

Transduction

Two categories of plant movements

Tropic movements, Nastic movements

Tropic movements

Phototropism, Gravitropism, Solar tracking

Nastic movements

Hyponasty, Epinasty, Nyctinasty, Hydronasty, Thigmonasty, Seismonasty

Direction of the environmental stimulus determines the direction of the movement

Tropic movements

response to gravity

Gravitropism

response to light

Phototropism

Flat blade of the leaf is always at nearly right angle to the sun throughout the day

Solar tracking

Movement maybe triggered by an internal timing mechanism (biologic clock) and the direction of the stimulus may not determine the direction of movement

Nastic movements

bending down of leaves

Epinasty

bending up of leaves

Hyponasty

the floding and rolling of leaves in response to water

Hydronasty

folding of some leaves in response to light which usually assumes a rhythmic pattern because of its interaction with the biological clock.

Nyctinasty

response to shaking without contact to the organism

Seismonasty

response to touch or mechanical stress.

Thigmonasty

Crop Adaptations

Morphological Adaptation, Physiological Adaptation, Biochemical adaptation

Exemplified by the closing of stomates of many bromeliads during the day to help conserve water as well as the abscission of leaves in deciduous plants to reduce the evaporative surface area thereby conserving moisture and lowering of compensation point

Physiological Adaptation

Exemplified by the presence of metamorphosed or specializzed organs which performs non- typical functions

Morphological Adaptation

Biochemical changes with some bearing on ceratin survival mechanisms such as the increase in proline and abscisic acid and osmolytes in plants during period of moisture stress to regulate increased water-holding capacity

Biochemical adaptation

Has rigid cell walls promoting indefinite growth

Plants

Organizational structure of plante

Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organs, System, Organisms/ Plant, Community

Derived from meristems which have attained maturity form thus perform their specific function/s.

Permanent Tissue

Tissue composed of more than one cell type

Complex

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