Soil Tech Lab Exam 1

30問 • 2年前

問題一覧

Uptake of matter or energy by a substance Acid soil: Soil with a pH value less than 7.0.

Absorption

is a combination of four constituents: mineral material (sand, silt, clay and rock particles), organic material, air and water. it is made from the breaking down of rocks and organic matter by physical, chemical and biological processes

Soil

Process by which atoms, molecules or ions are retained on the surfaces of solids by chemical or physical bonding

Adsorption

Process whereby soil becomes acid (pH < 7) because acid parent material is present or in regions with high rainfall, where soil leaching occurs. Acidification can be accelerated by human activities (use of fertilisers, deposition of industrial and vehicular pollutants).

Acidification

Particle with positive charge

Cation

Particle with a negative charge

Anion

Application of mainly mineral compounds, in order to increase soil fertility.

Fertilization

Interchange between a cation in solution and another cation in the boundary layer between the solution and surface of negatively charged material such as clay or organic matter

Cation exchange

has been defined as the soil moisture state when, 48 hours after saturation or heavy rain, all downward movement of water has ceased. It is the water content retained at low suctions (5-33kPa) depending on soil type, and is the upper limit of plant available water.

Field capacity

Removal of soluble materials from one zone in soil to another via water movement in the profile.

Leaching

Electrically charged atom or group of atoms.

Ion

Soil particles between 0.002 mm and 0.05 mm (in some countries 0.06 mm is the upper size limit), with high or medium-high specific area influencing stability of soil structure; also used as a texture class name for medium and medium-fine soil materials

Silt

Soil particles between 0.05 mm and 2 mm (in some countries 0.06 mm is the lower size limit), with low specific area and also used as a texture class name for coarse soil materials. do not shrink and swell on drying and wetting and, unless artificially compacted, are rapidly permeable.

Sand

Volume of water and air that can be held in a soil; ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume of the soil.

Soil porosity

A measure of the ability of soil to provide plants with sufficient amount of nutrients and water, and a suitable medium for root development to assure proper plant growth and maturity.

Soil fertility

is the movement of water from the surface down into the soil before moving down to the aquifers, or out to rivers. A portion of soil water may also be lost via the process of evapotranspiration

Infiltration

describes the process where a waterbody, such as a lake or a soil solution, becomes loaded with dissolved nutrients. This can be natural, but is often due to pollution. Algal blooms can remove oxygen in the water, harming fishlife.

Eutrophication

any material defined as organic or inorganic, synthetic or natural that supplies one or more pf the chemical elements required for plant growth.

Fertilizer

capacity of the soil to produce a certain yield of agricultural crops or other plants using a defined set of management practices.

Soil productivity

general yellowing of plant tissue; lack of chlorophyll

Chlorosis

refers to the death of plant tissue

Necrosis

how readily are nutrients are dissolved in water and can be taken up by plants.

Solubility

these refer to the trace elements found in soil - also called nutrients

Soil minerals

amount of each nutrient required for the crop to complete its life cycle at a given yield level.

Nutrient uptake

when microbes outcompete plants for nutrients and the nutrients became unavailable for plant uptake.

Immobilization

The mass (weight) of unit soil divided by the total volume occupied. is the total soil porosity.

Bulk density

(i) Having molecular oxygen as a part of the environment.

Aerobic

The process by which air in the soil, is replaced by air from the atmosphere.

Aeration

a chemical element necessary in large amounts, usually greater in 1 ppm (parts per million) in the plant for their growth.

Macronutrient

Soil particle smaller than 0.002mm or 2µm, with high specific area mainly influencing soil colloidal properties (see also colloid) as well as stability of soil structure: high stability in both wet and dry conditions; also a soil texture class

Clay

Soil Tech Midterm 1

Mutated Lemon · 100問 · 2年前

Soil Tech Midterm 1