Crop Sci Midterm 1

100問 • 2年前

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proposed five centers of origin in 1924

Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov

includes tropical India,Indochina, southern China, and the islands of southeastern Asia. This is the native land of rice,sugarcane, tropical fruit, and vegetables.

Hindustani center

includes central and western China, Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. This is the native region for soybeans, millet, many vegetable crops,and fruits.

East Asian center

includes original species of temperate fruit trees. Additional species of wheat and rye are also found here.

Caucasian center

includes the Interior mountains of Asia Minor, Iran, Syria, Palestine,Trans-Jordania, Afghanistan, inner Asia, and northwestern India. The native crops include the origin of wheat, rye, and fruit trees.

Inter-Asiatic center

produced teff, niger seed oil plant, a banana, and coffee. Probably about 4% of the world crops originated here

Abyssinian center

Great ancient civilizations selected many vegetable and forage crops including olives and the carob tree. About 10% of the species of cultivated crops originated here.

Mediterranean center

This land produced many tuber- bearing crops such as potatoes, quinine tree, and the coca bush.

Andean center

includes southern North America, Mexico, and the west Indian Islands. Staple plants such as maize, cotton, beans, pumpkins, cocoa, avocados, and subtropical fruits originated here.

Central American center

The first evidence of the use of wheat was found in?

Israel

The first evidence of the use of wheat dated about?

19,000 years ago

scientific name of wild tetraploid wheat

Triticum dicoccoides

belongs to the genus Oryza and includes 20 wild species

Rice

Rice belongs to what genus?

Oryza

Unlike wheat and rice, it has separate male and female fowers on the same plant.

Corn

proposed as corn's area of origin

Mexico

Scientific name of Potato

Solanum tuberosum

nowadays rank fourth in importance among food crops worldwide, after wheat, rice and maize.

Potato

The place of origin of Potato

Heart of South America

Any organism belonging to the kingdom Plantae, typically lacking of active locomotion or obvious nervous system or sensory organs and has photosynthetic ability.

Plant

Systematically accumulated and tested knowledge

Science

It is concerned with the observation and classification of economically cultivated crops

Crop Science

Domesticated/cultivated plants grown for profit

Crop

Deals with gardens and plants within an enclosure

Horticulture

Deals with the principles and practices of managing field crops and soil

Agronomy

Division of Horticulture

Pomology, Olericulture, Floriculture, Nursery management, Landscape gardening

Its science is derived from the adoption or application of the basic sciences of chemistry, mathematics, physics, and from various applied sciences like physiology, meteorolgy, anatomy,plant breeding, etc.

Crop Production as a Science, Art and Business

National Commodity Research Centers

Fiber Industry Development Authority, National Tobacco Administartion, PHILIPPINE RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PHILIPPINE COCONUT AUTHORITY, Sugar Regulatory Administration, Northern Philippines Rootcrops Research and Training Center, National Abaca Research Center

Specialized Discipline-Oriented Research Centers

Postharvest Horticulture Training and Research Center, National Institutes of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH)

private Seed Companies

East-West, Monsanto, Pioneer, Allied Botanical, Syngenta

The word agronomy has been derived from two Greek word

Nomos - To manage, Agros - Field

is the science and practice of crop production to produce food, feed, fiber, and fuel.

Agronomy

Basic Principles of Agronomy

Planning, Choice of crop varieties, Proper field management, multiple cropping and also mixed or intercropping, Timely application of proper and balanced nutrients, Quality seed or seed material, Proper water management, Plant protection measures, Intercultural operations, Suitable method and time of harvesting, Suitable Postharvest technology

Classification of Agronomic Crops

Cereal Crops, Oil Seed Crops, Pulse Crops, Forage Crops, Fiber Crops, Sugar Crops, Green Manuring Crops, Narcotic Crops, Beverage Crops

Crop plants or their products that are used for crops such as Tobacco

Narcotic Crops

Crops that products are used for mild, agreeable and stimulating liquors meant for drinking such as tea, coffee, cocoa etc.

Beverage Crops

Crops grown for the production of Sugar and starch; such as sugarcane, sugarbeet etc.

Sugar Crops

are legumes or grasses that are incorporated into the soil while vegetative with the purpose of adding nutrients to the soil or enhancing soil quality.

Green Manuring Crops

plants for clothing, rope, paper, and baskets.

Fiber Crops

Legumes grown for their edible, high protein seeds are known as?

Pulse Crops

are any crops whose vegetative parts-including stems, leaves, and sometimes attached seed or grain-are used for livestock feed.

Forage Crops

Crops that seeds are rich in fatty acids, are used to extract vegetable oil to meet various requirement

Oil Seed Crops

are grasses that produce edible grain

Cereal Crops

The word cereal is derived from the name of the Roman goddess of grain

Ceres

Some special purpose agronomic crops

Catch crops, Cash Crops, Cover crops, Mulch Crops, Restorative crops, Exhaustive Crops

These are crops, which provide a good harvest along with enrichment or restoration or amelioration of their soil, such as legumes.

Restorative crops

These are crop plants, which on growing leave the field exhausted because of a more aggressive nature such as Sesame

Exhaustive Crops

Farmers use it to prevent soil erosion due to water or wind during periods when the soil is not protected by growing plant cover

Cover crops

These crop plants are grown to conserve soil moisture from bare ground by their thick and multi-layered foliage

Mulch Crops

These are crops cultivated to catch the forthcoming season

Catch crops

These crop plants are grown for sale to earn hard cash

Cash Crops

Garden is originated from the latin term meaning 'to enclose'

Gyrdan

refers broadly to the technology of raising plants and animals

Agriculture

Pomology is derived from two words

Pomum - Fruit, Logos - Discourse or study

Olericulture is derived from two words

Oleris - Pot herb, Cultura - Cultivate

Floriculture is derived from two words

Florus - Flower, Cultura - Cultivate

It deals with the planning and execution of ornamental gardens, parks

Landscape Gardening

it deals with the processing and preservation of produce of horticulture crops

Postharvest technology

There have been several historic assertions and speculations that agriculture started about?

10,000 years ago

is a land-based primary industry that directly depends on natural resources such as land, water, and a diversity of plants and animals to supply man's food and f ber needs

Agriculture

Small bands of people roamed much of the world

Hunter-gatherers

Small bands of hunter-gatherers roamed much of the world

30,000-10,000 BC

The Neolithic Revolution is the first agricultural revolution - the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture and settlement

10,000-8000 BC

is the first agricultural revolution

Neolithic Revolution

was first used by University of Chicago archaeologist, James Henry Breasted in his "Ancient Records of Egypt" in 1906.

Fertile Crescent

Animals domesticated during this period were sheep (Southwest Asia), pig, goat and cattle

10,000-8000 BC

Agriculture and animal husbandry slowly developed in the Valley of Tigris and Euphrates, Asia Minor, Western India (Indus- Saraswati civilization), Egypt, Greece, Danubian area in Europe, Italy, southern France, Iberia, and Iran. Yajurveda was compiled during this period.

8000-6000 BC

The Neolithic Revolution spreads. Animals that live in herds are amenable to domestication.

8000-6000 BC

Rice, was domesticated in Southeast Asia around

6500 BC

The chicken was domesticated in India and Southeast Asia and then was accepted around the world as a food item

6000-4000 BC

Cow became an important component of mixed farming not only in India but also in the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa.

6000-4000 BC

The Neolithic Revolution continued to expand to newer regions of the world. New settlements, villages, towns, and cities were established. There were surpluses of grain

6000-4000 BC

There is evidence of domestication of a large number of Share crops including peas, sesame, dates, cotton, sorghum, pearl millet, and many others

4000-400 BC

The first moldboard plow was invented in ancient Near East and China around

500 BC

Historians have accepted that the first light wooden plow was developed in ? around?

Mesopotamia (Iraq) around 4000 BC

Fishing apparently became common in Egypt with river Nile having abundant fish

400 BC 1000 AD

Draft horse and plow came into use, greatly increasing farmers' ability to cultivate larger fields

The 11th Century

Farmers learned how to maintain soil fertility, but cereal yields reached a plateau

The 11th Century

Food surpluses enabled peasants to more easily move to cities

The 11th Century

Increased concentration and larger amounts of land under cultivation

The 11th Century

Population increases exponentially, food supplies increase arithmetically = famine

The 1700s

An important period

The 1700s

First use of pesticides

The 1900s

First use of Nitrogen fertilizers

The 1900s

Period of profound change

The 1800s

what period Agricultural technology has developed more rapidly than in all previous history.

The 20th Century

Planned international effort to eliminate hunger by improving crop performance.

The Green Revolution

What kind of crop was first domesticated in Southeast Asia

Rice

Give the first four domesticated animals during the spread of Neolithic Revolution.

Sheep, Goat, Cattle, Pig

physico-chemical process by which they use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds

Photosynthesis

live on organic compounds produced by other organisms

Heterotrophs

produce organic molecules from CO2 and other inorganic raw materials obtained from the environment

Autotrophs

to capture light energy from the sun and convert it to chemical energy stored in sugars and other organic molecules.

Photosynthesis

Hetero means?

Other

auto means?

Self

trophos means?

Feeder

is the initial energy source for most communities

Sun/Light

The Sites of Photosynthesis in Plants

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts are found mainly in the cells of the?

Mesophyll

100

the tissue in the interior of the leaf

Mesophyll

Soil Tech Midterm 1

Mutated Lemon · 100問 · 2年前

Soil Tech Midterm 1