proposed five centers of origin in 1924

includes tropical India,Indochina, southern China, and the islands of southeastern Asia. This is the native land of rice,sugarcane, tropical fruit, and vegetables.

includes central and western China, Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. This is the native region for soybeans, millet, many vegetable crops,and fruits.

includes original species of temperate fruit trees. Additional species of wheat and rye are also found here.

includes the Interior mountains of Asia Minor, Iran, Syria, Palestine,Trans-Jordania, Afghanistan, inner Asia, and northwestern India. The native crops include the origin of wheat, rye, and fruit trees.

produced teff, niger seed oil plant, a banana, and coffee. Probably about 4% of the world crops originated here

Great ancient civilizations selected many vegetable and forage crops including olives and the carob tree. About 10% of the species of cultivated crops originated here.

This land produced many tuber- bearing crops such as potatoes, quinine tree, and the coca bush.

includes southern North America, Mexico, and the west Indian Islands. Staple plants such as maize, cotton, beans, pumpkins, cocoa, avocados, and subtropical fruits originated here.

The first evidence of the use of wheat was found in?

The first evidence of the use of wheat dated about?

scientific name of wild tetraploid wheat

belongs to the genus Oryza and includes 20 wild species

Rice belongs to what genus?

Unlike wheat and rice, it has separate male and female fowers on the same plant.

proposed as corn's area of origin

Scientific name of Potato

nowadays rank fourth in importance among food crops worldwide, after wheat, rice and maize.

The place of origin of Potato

Any organism belonging to the kingdom Plantae, typically lacking of active locomotion or obvious nervous system or sensory organs and has photosynthetic ability.

Systematically accumulated and tested knowledge

It is concerned with the observation and classification of economically cultivated crops

Domesticated/cultivated plants grown for profit

Deals with gardens and plants within an enclosure

Deals with the principles and practices of managing field crops and soil

Division of Horticulture

Its science is derived from the adoption or application of the basic sciences of chemistry, mathematics, physics, and from various applied sciences like physiology, meteorolgy, anatomy,plant breeding, etc.

National Commodity Research Centers

Specialized Discipline-Oriented Research Centers

private Seed Companies

The word agronomy has been derived from two Greek word

is the science and practice of crop production to produce food, feed, fiber, and fuel.

Basic Principles of Agronomy

Classification of Agronomic Crops

Crop plants or their products that are used for crops such as Tobacco

Crops that products are used for mild, agreeable and stimulating liquors meant for drinking such as tea, coffee, cocoa etc.

Crops grown for the production of Sugar and starch; such as sugarcane, sugarbeet etc.

are legumes or grasses that are incorporated into the soil while vegetative with the purpose of adding nutrients to the soil or enhancing soil quality.

plants for clothing, rope, paper, and baskets.

Legumes grown for their edible, high protein seeds are known as?

are any crops whose vegetative parts-including stems, leaves, and sometimes attached seed or grain-are used for livestock feed.

Crops that seeds are rich in fatty acids, are used to extract vegetable oil to meet various requirement

are grasses that produce edible grain

The word cereal is derived from the name of the Roman goddess of grain

Some special purpose agronomic crops

These are crops, which provide a good harvest along with enrichment or restoration or amelioration of their soil, such as legumes.

These are crop plants, which on growing leave the field exhausted because of a more aggressive nature such as Sesame

Farmers use it to prevent soil erosion due to water or wind during periods when the soil is not protected by growing plant cover

These crop plants are grown to conserve soil moisture from bare ground by their thick and multi-layered foliage

These are crops cultivated to catch the forthcoming season

These crop plants are grown for sale to earn hard cash

Garden is originated from the latin term meaning 'to enclose'

refers broadly to the technology of raising plants and animals

Pomology is derived from two words

Olericulture is derived from two words

Floriculture is derived from two words

It deals with the planning and execution of ornamental gardens, parks

it deals with the processing and preservation of produce of horticulture crops

There have been several historic assertions and speculations that agriculture started about?

is a land-based primary industry that directly depends on natural resources such as land, water, and a diversity of plants and animals to supply man's food and f ber needs

Small bands of people roamed much of the world

Small bands of hunter-gatherers roamed much of the world

The Neolithic Revolution is the first agricultural revolution - the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture and settlement

is the first agricultural revolution

was first used by University of Chicago archaeologist, James Henry Breasted in his "Ancient Records of Egypt" in 1906.

Animals domesticated during this period were sheep (Southwest Asia), pig, goat and cattle

Agriculture and animal husbandry slowly developed in the Valley of Tigris and Euphrates, Asia Minor, Western India (Indus- Saraswati civilization), Egypt, Greece, Danubian area in Europe, Italy, southern France, Iberia, and Iran. Yajurveda was compiled during this period.

The Neolithic Revolution spreads. Animals that live in herds are amenable to domestication.

Rice, was domesticated in Southeast Asia around

The chicken was domesticated in India and Southeast Asia and then was accepted around the world as a food item

Cow became an important component of mixed farming not only in India but also in the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa.

The Neolithic Revolution continued to expand to newer regions of the world. New settlements, villages, towns, and cities were established. There were surpluses of grain

There is evidence of domestication of a large number of Share crops including peas, sesame, dates, cotton, sorghum, pearl millet, and many others

The first moldboard plow was invented in ancient Near East and China around

Historians have accepted that the first light wooden plow was developed in ? around?

Fishing apparently became common in Egypt with river Nile having abundant fish

Draft horse and plow came into use, greatly increasing farmers' ability to cultivate larger fields

Farmers learned how to maintain soil fertility, but cereal yields reached a plateau

Food surpluses enabled peasants to more easily move to cities

Increased concentration and larger amounts of land under cultivation

Population increases exponentially, food supplies increase arithmetically = famine

An important period

First use of pesticides

First use of Nitrogen fertilizers

Period of profound change

what period Agricultural technology has developed more rapidly than in all previous history.

Planned international effort to eliminate hunger by improving crop performance.

What kind of crop was first domesticated in Southeast Asia

Give the first four domesticated animals during the spread of Neolithic Revolution.

physico-chemical process by which they use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds

live on organic compounds produced by other organisms

produce organic molecules from CO2 and other inorganic raw materials obtained from the environment

to capture light energy from the sun and convert it to chemical energy stored in sugars and other organic molecules.

Hetero means?

auto means?

trophos means?

is the initial energy source for most communities

The Sites of Photosynthesis in Plants

Chloroplasts are found mainly in the cells of the?

the tissue in the interior of the leaf