swine 2

88問 • 1年前

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When is a gilt ready for breeding?

at least 8 months old, about 100-130 kg in weight, has cycled at least twice

When is a boar ready for breeding?

at least 9 months old, large enough to cover a normal-sized gilt, sufficient libido to complete ejaculation, semen is of sufficient quality and quantity to ensure high conception rates

Factors Affecting Sexual Maturity

Genotype/ Genetics, Age, Nutrition, Environment, Health

period intervening between two (2) successive heat periods in the absence of pregnancy.

Estrus cycle

Estrus cycle ranges from?

ranges from 18-24 days (average of 21 days)

Also known as heat period

Estrus period

Estrus period last?

Lasts from one (1) to five (5) days with an average of 2-3 days

Time during which the sow will accept the boar (sexual receptivity)

Estrus

Estrus or?

Standing heat

Produces GnRH

Hypothalamus

GnRH

Gonadotropin- releasing hormone

Luteinizing hormone

Corpus Luteum

FSH

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Phases of Estrus cycle

Proestrus, Estrus/Standing heat, Metestrus, Diestrus

building-up phase. -the ovarian follicle (under the inﬂuence of FSH and LH) enlarges and begins to secrete estrogens.

Proestrus

reddening of vulva and mucus discharge

Late Proestrus

sexual receptivity

Estrus/Standing heat

mark the end of estrus (if pregnant)- CL is actively producing progesterone (if NOT pregnant)-uterus produce prostaglandin, procedes to diestrus

Metestus

CL recedes and new follicle developed -short period of inactivity

Diestrus

long period of inactivity

Anestrus

It should be done on a routine basis. For best results, this activity should be done twice each day preferably early in the morning and late in the afternoon.

Heat Detection

It is the method by which a pig raiser determines whether a sow will accept service by the boar.

Heat Detection

Techniques of Heat Detection

a. Back Pressure Test., b. Riding-the-Back Test., c. Semen-on-Snout Test., d. Teaser Boar Method.

This method is done by applying pressure on her sides with both hands. If she is receptive, she will just stand firm and rigid, ready to be served.

Back pressure test

This is done by riding on or pressing the back or loin of the sow. Just like in the first method, the sow will stand firmly and remain rigid, ready to be served if it is sexually receptive.

Riding -the -back test

With this technique old semen sample is squeezed from a squirt bottle on the snout of the sow.

Semen-on-snout test

A vasectomized boar is the best animal to use in this method. The boar is allowed to mount the sow.

Teaser boar method

Mating System

Natural Service, Artificial Insemination

the secretion of milk from specialized glands (mammary glands) to provide nourishment to offspring. Last about 4-6 weeks (28-42 days), Involves production of hormones Prolactin (Milk Production) and Oxytocin (Milk Let-down)

Lactation

Lactation last about?

4-6 weeks or 28-42 days

Prolactin

Milk production

Oxytocin

Mil let-down

the time interval from weaning to service This is the time when the sow is unproductive.

Dry period

Ideal dry period

7 days

Gestation period of swine

3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days or 111 to 120 with an average of 114 days

Factors to Consider in the Construction of Swine Housing

Environmental control, proper ventilation, Minimum labor requirements, dryness, sanitation, safety, rodent and bird control, durability of building materials, future expansion

Below are the various swine housing system that you may adopt depending on the choice of your production operation.

one-unit system, two-unit system, three-unit system, four-unit system

In this system, the sows are removed when the piglets reach weaning age. The pigs remain in the same building from farrowing until they reach the desired weight for slaughtering.

one-unit system

The sows and piglets remain in the farrowing house until the piglets are weaned. The weanlings are transferred to a growing-finishing house.

two-unit system

The sows and piglets remain in the farrowing house until weaning. The weanlings are moved to a nursery house and finally to a growing-finishing unit where they stay until they are ready for slaughter.

three-unit system

The sows and piglets remain in the farrowing house until weaning. After weaning, piglets are moved to a nursery house, then to a growing house and finally to a finishing house until they are ready for slaughter.

four-unit system

It is also called the feeding/lying box/stall. . Stalls and tethers are normally cleaner when the rear half of the floor area is slatted.

individual housing

A housing system where a number of animals are grouped and kept in one pen. Group housing is done base on the classes of the pigs (sows, gilts, growers, finishers.)

group housing

swine raised for meat production usually starts at 15 kg

Fattener

act of giving birth in swine

Farrowing

unbred sows which have just been weaned (non-pregnant sows )

Dry sows

pregnant sow

gestating sow

refers to a male breeding swine which is at least 8 months old

Boar

average number of farrowing of one sow per year.

Litter index

piglets born in one farrowing

Litter

swine from 40 to 65 kg

grower

female swine that has not farrowed

gilt

swine which are 66kg and up

finisher

weanling piglet that has been recently separated from its mother.

Weaners

number of days an animals stays in a pen.

Occupancy

any breeding female pig that has been farrowed

Sow

Types of roofing

monitor, semi monitor, shed, semi shed, double span

Name this white pig with long droopy ears and that is known for its mothering ability

Chester white

Which breed of swine is black and white bodied and had medium sized droopy ears?

Poland China

What is another name for the “blind gut”?

Cecum

Where are most of the nutrients absorbed in the digestive system?

Small Intestine

What part of the digestive system leads to the opening through which the undigested portion of the feed is eliminated?

Rectum

What nutrients do pigs, sheep, and cattle all need most of?

Water

What is a castrated male pig called?

Barrow

Where should an iron shot be given to a baby pig?

In the Neck Muscle

What is the swine disease that causes poor conception rates, reabsorbed litters, mummies and small litters?

Parvovirus

What is the swine disease that causes a sow to abort mid-pregnancy or have weak litters and nursing pigs suddenly die?

Leptospirosis

What swine disease causes 1-8 day-old pigs, watery diarrhea, high death rates and vomiting?

TGE (Transmissible Gastroenteritis)

What swine disease causes no energy, sleepy, rough hair coat, wrinkled skin, hard breathing, and poor growth in piglets?

Baby pig anemia (iron deficiency)

What swine disease causes infertility and abortions 15 days after breeding? Caused by bacterial disease caud by brucella species

Brucellosis

What swine disease causes worms in the feces, decreased food intake, and slow growth?

Internal parasites

What swine disease causes sneezing, tearing of eyes, snorting, coughing, the twisting of the nose?

Atrophic rhinitis

What swine disease causes blood and mucus in diarrhea, pigs to be off feed, and death in pigs under 3 weeks of age?

Swine dysentery

What swine disease and reproductive disease causes abortions, mummies and weak pigs?

PRRS (Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome)

What swine disease causes reduced gain, poor growth, and reproductive failures in the breeding herd?

Pseudorabies (Aujeszky’s disease)

What medication, such as streptomysin or penicillin, is used to destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, specifically bacteria?

Antibiotics

What is resistance to disease, usually created through vaccination?

Immunity

What is the term used to describe pigs born discolored and shriveled or decomposed that died sometime during gestation?

Mummified pig

What is separating sick or new animals from a herd to ensure the health of the rest of the herd called?

Quarantine

What is a gilt of superior quality selected to become part of the breeding hear called?

Replacement Gilt

At what phase of production is a pig most efficient at converting feed to muscle?

Nursing period

What is the feed efficiency of a finishing pig?

2:1

What does EPD stand for?

Expected Progeny Difference

What is the management practice in which a facility is filled and emptied of hogs all at once called?

All in, All out systes

What is an unborn mammal that is growing in the uterus before birth?

Fetus

What an animal that is unable to reproduce offspring?

Infertile

also known as diarrhea, is a condition characterized by the frequent passage of loose or watery stools. It can affect pigs of all ages but is particularly common in piglets. This condition can lead to dehydration, poor growth, and increased susceptibility to other diseases if not managed properly.

Scouring

Soil Tech Midterm 1

Mutated Lemon · 100問 · 2年前

Soil Tech Midterm 1