Mid 2

100問 • 1年前

Mutated Lemon

通報

問題一覧

Photosynthesis occur in the cell organelles called

chloroplasts

These chloroplasts contain the green pigment called

chlorophyll

Product of photosynthesis

Glucose , O2

is a chemical reaction that takes place in the chloroplasts where light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Photosynthesis

Co2 enters through the _______ and mixes with the raw sap, becoming elaborated sap (the plant’s food).

Stomata

The food is distributed to all parts of the plant through the ??

phloem vessels

are active cell dividing sites, meristems, and reproductive sites which includes the fruit.

plant sinks

Structures of leaves

Wide and Flat, Thin, Presence of Veins, Presence of stomata

•Pore or openings in the epidermis of the leaves •The site of gas exchange •Bordered by guard cells which regulates the size of opening •Open in the morning and close at night

Stomata

The rate of photosynthesis is Determine by several factors especially the following :

Light, Carbon Dioxide, Temperature

Carbon dioxide concentration in the air is quite low

(0.03%)

In commercial greenhouses, the concentration of carbon dioxide is raised to

0.1%

If temperature gets too hot (Above ________), plant enzymes begin to break down and are destroyed.

40°C

A factor present in an environment that controls a process.

limiting factor

Nutrient in making leaves

Nitrogen

Nutrient in making roots

Phosphorus

Nutrient in making flowers and fruits

Potassium

Nutrient in making chlorophyll

Magnesium

Sources of minerals

Rocks/ Mineral rocks, Natural Fertilizer , Artificial Fertilizer

are slowly dissolved by slightly acidic rainwater. These minerals are washed into the soil

minerals in rocks

Animal feces and the decay of dead plants and animals return mineral to the soil

Natural fertilizers

these contain a ready-made mixture of the minerals needed by the plants

Artificial fertilizers

Nutrient supply and growth response

deficiency range, adequate range, Toxicity range

Growth increases with increasing nutrient supply

Deficiency Range

Growth is at maximum and remains more or less unaffected by changes in nutrient supply

Adequate Range

Growth decreases with increasing nutrient supply

Toxicity Range

The following are the basic visual symptoms exhibited by plant under a deficient nutrient source:

• Stunted Growth , • Chlorosis , • Necrosis , • Slow or stunted growth of terminals , • Reddish or purpling of leaves

• Refers to the yellowing of leaf tissue due to the lack of chlorophyll • Either interveinal or the whole leaf itself • May occur on the younger or older leaves or both • Characterized depending on severity

Chlorosis

Severity of chlorosis

Mild chlorosis , Severe chlorosis

paling (lighter green to lime-green color) of interveinal tissue

Mild Chlorosis

entire leaf may turn yellow including the veins, followed by death of the leaf, then die back, ultimately, the death of the plant

Severe chlorosis

• Death of the plant tissue • Leaf tissue turns brown to black in colour • May occur in portions some portions such as leaf tip, margins, veins, or whole leaf • Usually occurs on older leaves

Necrosis

• Lack of terminal growth • Death of the terminal portions of the plant • Inhibited growth of the terminal portions of the plant • May occur as r0setting, stubbly growth, deformation of the terminals

Slow or Stunted Growth of the Terminals

short bunchy growth habit due to shortened internodes

Rosetting

• Accumulation of anthocyanin • occurs on the leaf margins • More intense on the underside of the older leaves

Reddish Purpling of Leaves

Deficiency of mobile nutrients are seen on

older leaves

Deficiency of immobile nutrients are seen on

younger leaves

•Light green leaf and plant color •Older leaves turn yellow (chlorosis) followed by death •Stunted growth •Plants will mature early

Nitrogen deficiency

•Slow and stunted growth •Purple coloration of the leaves particularly on the undersides

Phosphorus deficiency

•Edges of the leaves appear burnt (Scorching) •Lodging •Susceptibility to diseases •Impaired fruit and seed production •Poor seed and fruit quality

Potassium deficiency

•Growing tips of roots and leaves will turn brown and die •Edges of leaves will Look ragged •Fruit quality is affected and blossom end rot will appear on fruits

Calcium deficiency

•Older leaves are chlorotic •Interveinal chlorosis •Slowed growth •Susceptibility to diseases

Magnesium deficiency

• Overall light green color of the plant • Older leaves turn light green to yellow as the deficiency progresses

Sulfur deficiency

• Abnormal development of growing points • Apical growing points eventually become stunted and die • Flowers and fruits will abort • Yield and quality is significantly reduced in some fruits and grains • Brittle plant stems

Boron deficiency

• Younger leaves are chlorotic • Plants easily wilt

Chlorine deficiency

• Slowed plant growth • Stunted • Distorted young leaves • growing points will die

Copper deficiency

• Interveinal chlorosis on emerging young leaves • Eventual bleaching of the new growth • Severe deficiency causes a light green color of the entire plant

Iron deficiency

• Interveinal chlorosis of the Young leaves while other leaves and entire plant remain green. • When severe, plant is stunted

MANGANESE deficiency

•Similar to nitrogen deficiency •Necrotic spots appear at the leaf margins •Older and middle leaves are chlorotic initially •In some instances, leaf margins are rolled •Growth and flower formation is restricted

Molybdenum deficiency

• Upper leaves will show interveinal chlorosis with whitening of affected leaves • Banding at the basal Ppart of leaf • Small, distorted, mottled and chlorotic young/new leaves • Rosetting

Zinc deficiency

• Reduced seed germination in dry conditions • Reduced plant growth • In legumes, Co deficiency result in N deficiency due to reduced nodule activity

Cobalt deficiency

• Necrosis of the leaf tips due to the accumulation of urea • Chlorosis of young leaves • When severe, stunting and abnormal growth pattern • Mouse ear disease

Nickel deficiency

Why do plants produce seeds?

Propagate the next generation , Survive harsh condition , Disperse into new environment

Product of fertilization and the plant growth with its modified envelopes or appendages.

Seed

The ovules after fertilization, develop into seeds. A seed is made up of a ______ and an ______.

seed coat, embryo

The embryo is made up of a ______, an _______ and one (as in wheat, maize) or two _______ (as in gram and pea).

radicle, embryonal axis , cotyledons

is an important feature of some fruits of commerce, ex. bananas, pineapples

Seedlessness

where fruits set without fertilization (in some species), may or may not require pollination but most seedless citrus fruits require stimulus from pollination to produce fruit.

Parthenocarpy

seedless bananas and grapes are triploids, and seedlessness results from the abortion of the embryonic plant that is produced by fertilization, requires normal pollination and fertilization.

Stenospermocarpy

Seed dispersal:

animals, wind, water, explosive dehiscence

is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma.

Pollination

is where the embryo develops independently, but pollination is necessary for the fertilisation of endosperm nuclei and formation of germinable seeds

Pseudogamy

pseudo= gamy=

false, fusion

The development of fruit without fertilization or seed is called as ?

Parthenocarpy

•reproductive organ of the plant •gives rise to the fruit •Produced by spermatophytes or flowering plants (seed plants).

FLOWER

Flower is Produced by __________ or flowering plants (seed plants).

spermatophytes

Floral organs thathave unique shape and colors to attract pollinators.

Petals = corolla

the axis of a flower to which the other parts are attached

Receptacle

stalk bearing a flower or the main stalk of an inflorescence

peduncle

Calyx and corolla collectively called ?

PERIANTH

Protect the growing bud or the flower before it open.

Sepals = Calyx

is the male organ of the plant

Stamen

Stamen is the male organ of the plant consist of;

Filament , Anther

stalk bearing a variously shaped body

Filament

tip which is filled with a fine, yellow, dust-like substances called pollen

Anther

the variously shaped apical part to which the pollen may adhere.

Stigma

is the female organ of a plant.

Pistil

stalk connecting the ovary to stigma; passageway for pollen

Style

Holds the eggs awaiting fertilization; becomes the fruit.

Ovary

“small egg” that grows into a seed after fertilization

Ovule

Types of flower (presence of reproductive organ)

Dioecious, hermaphrodite , monoecious

staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant, example is cucurbits

Monoecious

staminate and pistillate flowers on different plants, example is papaya.

Dioecious

perfect and staminate flowers on the same plant, example is muskmelons.

Andromonoecious

the transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma

POLLINATION

Type of pollination

Self pollination , Cross pollination

Pollen distribution

Entomophily, Anemophilus, Hydrophily, Zoophily, Ornithrophily, Chiropterophily

insect pollinated flowers (sunflower, orchid)

Entomophily

wind pollinated flowers (grass, corn, monoecious or dioecious – single seeded fruits)

Anemophilus

water pollinated flowers (2% only, water weeds, pond weeds)

Hydrophily

pollination transferred by animals, invertebrates (Amorseco)

Zoophily

bird pollinated flowers (curved, tubular shape ex. Orchids)

Ornithrophily

Bat pollinated flower (mango, banana, durian, guava and agave)

Chiropterophily

Anatomy of seed

Seed coat, plumule, hypocotyl, Radicle , Cotyledon

This is the embryo sack wall

Seed coat

This will be the shoot

Plumule

This will be the stem

Hypocotyl

This will be the root

Radicle

This is the food storage

Cotyledon

100

The young plant that is developing inside the seed coat

Embryo

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Soil Tech Midterm 2

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Crop Sci Midterm 1

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Crop Sci Midterm 2

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Crop Sci Midterm 4

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Poultry Production Midterm 1

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Crop and Animal improvement Midterm 1

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Agri mech midterm 1

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Irrigation and Drainage midterm 1

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Soil Tech Finals 1

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Module 1 Genetics

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Module 1 Genetics

72問 • 2年前

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Soil Tech Finals 2

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Soil Tech Finals 2

46問 • 2年前

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module 2 (Poultry)

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module 2 (Poultry)

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module 3 ( small ruminant)

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module 3 ( small ruminant)

37問 • 2年前

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Soil Tech Finals 3

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Soil Tech Finals 3

11問 • 2年前

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Finals Module 1

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Finals Module 1

30問 • 2年前

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Finals Module 3

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Finals Module 3

8問 • 2年前

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Finals Module 4

Mutated Lemon · 9問 · 2年前

Finals Module 4

9問 • 2年前

Mutated Lemon

問題一覧

Photosynthesis occur in the cell organelles called

chloroplasts

These chloroplasts contain the green pigment called

chlorophyll

Product of photosynthesis

Glucose , O2

is a chemical reaction that takes place in the chloroplasts where light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Photosynthesis

Co2 enters through the _______ and mixes with the raw sap, becoming elaborated sap (the plant’s food).

Stomata

The food is distributed to all parts of the plant through the ??

phloem vessels

are active cell dividing sites, meristems, and reproductive sites which includes the fruit.

plant sinks

Structures of leaves

Wide and Flat, Thin, Presence of Veins, Presence of stomata

•Pore or openings in the epidermis of the leaves •The site of gas exchange •Bordered by guard cells which regulates the size of opening •Open in the morning and close at night

Stomata

The rate of photosynthesis is Determine by several factors especially the following :

Light, Carbon Dioxide, Temperature

Carbon dioxide concentration in the air is quite low

(0.03%)

In commercial greenhouses, the concentration of carbon dioxide is raised to

0.1%

If temperature gets too hot (Above ________), plant enzymes begin to break down and are destroyed.

40°C

A factor present in an environment that controls a process.

limiting factor

Nutrient in making leaves

Nitrogen

Nutrient in making roots

Phosphorus

Nutrient in making flowers and fruits

Potassium

Nutrient in making chlorophyll

Magnesium

Sources of minerals

Rocks/ Mineral rocks, Natural Fertilizer , Artificial Fertilizer

are slowly dissolved by slightly acidic rainwater. These minerals are washed into the soil

minerals in rocks

Animal feces and the decay of dead plants and animals return mineral to the soil

Natural fertilizers

these contain a ready-made mixture of the minerals needed by the plants

Artificial fertilizers

Nutrient supply and growth response

deficiency range, adequate range, Toxicity range

Growth increases with increasing nutrient supply

Deficiency Range

Growth is at maximum and remains more or less unaffected by changes in nutrient supply

Adequate Range

Growth decreases with increasing nutrient supply

Toxicity Range

The following are the basic visual symptoms exhibited by plant under a deficient nutrient source:

• Stunted Growth , • Chlorosis , • Necrosis , • Slow or stunted growth of terminals , • Reddish or purpling of leaves

Chlorosis

Severity of chlorosis

Mild chlorosis , Severe chlorosis

paling (lighter green to lime-green color) of interveinal tissue

Mild Chlorosis

entire leaf may turn yellow including the veins, followed by death of the leaf, then die back, ultimately, the death of the plant

Severe chlorosis

• Death of the plant tissue • Leaf tissue turns brown to black in colour • May occur in portions some portions such as leaf tip, margins, veins, or whole leaf • Usually occurs on older leaves

Necrosis

Slow or Stunted Growth of the Terminals

short bunchy growth habit due to shortened internodes

Rosetting

• Accumulation of anthocyanin • occurs on the leaf margins • More intense on the underside of the older leaves

Reddish Purpling of Leaves

Deficiency of mobile nutrients are seen on

older leaves

Deficiency of immobile nutrients are seen on

younger leaves

•Light green leaf and plant color •Older leaves turn yellow (chlorosis) followed by death •Stunted growth •Plants will mature early

Nitrogen deficiency

•Slow and stunted growth •Purple coloration of the leaves particularly on the undersides

Phosphorus deficiency

•Edges of the leaves appear burnt (Scorching) •Lodging •Susceptibility to diseases •Impaired fruit and seed production •Poor seed and fruit quality

Potassium deficiency

•Growing tips of roots and leaves will turn brown and die •Edges of leaves will Look ragged •Fruit quality is affected and blossom end rot will appear on fruits

Calcium deficiency

•Older leaves are chlorotic •Interveinal chlorosis •Slowed growth •Susceptibility to diseases

Magnesium deficiency

• Overall light green color of the plant • Older leaves turn light green to yellow as the deficiency progresses

Sulfur deficiency

Boron deficiency

• Younger leaves are chlorotic • Plants easily wilt

Chlorine deficiency

• Slowed plant growth • Stunted • Distorted young leaves • growing points will die

Copper deficiency

• Interveinal chlorosis on emerging young leaves • Eventual bleaching of the new growth • Severe deficiency causes a light green color of the entire plant

Iron deficiency

• Interveinal chlorosis of the Young leaves while other leaves and entire plant remain green. • When severe, plant is stunted

MANGANESE deficiency

Molybdenum deficiency

• Upper leaves will show interveinal chlorosis with whitening of affected leaves • Banding at the basal Ppart of leaf • Small, distorted, mottled and chlorotic young/new leaves • Rosetting

Zinc deficiency

• Reduced seed germination in dry conditions • Reduced plant growth • In legumes, Co deficiency result in N deficiency due to reduced nodule activity

Cobalt deficiency

• Necrosis of the leaf tips due to the accumulation of urea • Chlorosis of young leaves • When severe, stunting and abnormal growth pattern • Mouse ear disease

Nickel deficiency

Why do plants produce seeds?

Propagate the next generation , Survive harsh condition , Disperse into new environment

Product of fertilization and the plant growth with its modified envelopes or appendages.

Seed

The ovules after fertilization, develop into seeds. A seed is made up of a ______ and an ______.

seed coat, embryo

The embryo is made up of a ______, an _______ and one (as in wheat, maize) or two _______ (as in gram and pea).

radicle, embryonal axis , cotyledons

is an important feature of some fruits of commerce, ex. bananas, pineapples

Seedlessness

where fruits set without fertilization (in some species), may or may not require pollination but most seedless citrus fruits require stimulus from pollination to produce fruit.

Parthenocarpy

seedless bananas and grapes are triploids, and seedlessness results from the abortion of the embryonic plant that is produced by fertilization, requires normal pollination and fertilization.

Stenospermocarpy

Seed dispersal:

animals, wind, water, explosive dehiscence

is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma.

Pollination

is where the embryo develops independently, but pollination is necessary for the fertilisation of endosperm nuclei and formation of germinable seeds

Pseudogamy

pseudo= gamy=

false, fusion

The development of fruit without fertilization or seed is called as ?

Parthenocarpy

•reproductive organ of the plant •gives rise to the fruit •Produced by spermatophytes or flowering plants (seed plants).

FLOWER

Flower is Produced by __________ or flowering plants (seed plants).

spermatophytes

Floral organs thathave unique shape and colors to attract pollinators.

Petals = corolla

the axis of a flower to which the other parts are attached

Receptacle

stalk bearing a flower or the main stalk of an inflorescence

peduncle

Calyx and corolla collectively called ?

PERIANTH

Protect the growing bud or the flower before it open.

Sepals = Calyx

is the male organ of the plant

Stamen

Stamen is the male organ of the plant consist of;

Filament , Anther

stalk bearing a variously shaped body

Filament

tip which is filled with a fine, yellow, dust-like substances called pollen

Anther

the variously shaped apical part to which the pollen may adhere.

Stigma

is the female organ of a plant.

Pistil

stalk connecting the ovary to stigma; passageway for pollen

Style

Holds the eggs awaiting fertilization; becomes the fruit.

Ovary

“small egg” that grows into a seed after fertilization

Ovule

Types of flower (presence of reproductive organ)

Dioecious, hermaphrodite , monoecious

staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant, example is cucurbits

Monoecious

staminate and pistillate flowers on different plants, example is papaya.

Dioecious

perfect and staminate flowers on the same plant, example is muskmelons.

Andromonoecious

the transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma

POLLINATION

Type of pollination

Self pollination , Cross pollination

Pollen distribution

Entomophily, Anemophilus, Hydrophily, Zoophily, Ornithrophily, Chiropterophily

insect pollinated flowers (sunflower, orchid)

Entomophily

wind pollinated flowers (grass, corn, monoecious or dioecious – single seeded fruits)

Anemophilus

water pollinated flowers (2% only, water weeds, pond weeds)

Hydrophily

pollination transferred by animals, invertebrates (Amorseco)

Zoophily

bird pollinated flowers (curved, tubular shape ex. Orchids)

Ornithrophily

Bat pollinated flower (mango, banana, durian, guava and agave)

Chiropterophily

Anatomy of seed

Seed coat, plumule, hypocotyl, Radicle , Cotyledon

This is the embryo sack wall

Seed coat

This will be the shoot

Plumule

This will be the stem

Hypocotyl

This will be the root

Radicle

This is the food storage

Cotyledon

100

The young plant that is developing inside the seed coat

Embryo