Genel cerrahi ETS 2025

通報

問題一覧

Where for the first time appeared written messages about medicine?

Egypt

Who of them lived and to healed in ancient Greece?

Hipocrates

Is the representative of the Roman school of surgery:

Celsus

Is the first to describe the primary wound healing and secondary intention:

Bruno de Longoburgo

First described the local signs of inflammation:

K. Celsus

Is the representative of the French school of surgery:

Ambroise Pare

Where was first organized Surgical Academy?

Paris

Suggested handwashing withlime-water:

I. Zemmelveys

First applied carbolic acid as an antiseptic substance:

J. Lister

Is the founder of the doctrine of asepsis:

E. Bergman; K. Shimmelbush

What enzyme produce microbes against the effects of antibiotics?

β- lactamase

Which of this is not a complication of antibiotic therapy?

Eventeratsiya

To what kind of antiseptics include the insertion of drainage depth of the wound, after washing with antiseptics?

Mixed

Is not the way to fight with airborne infection?

Processing of the surgical field by antiseptics

What is the process of "antibiosis"?

Inhibition of the growth of other microbes

How many minutes are sufficient for sterilization 135 degree temperature and pressure of 2 atm. autoclaving?

Not applicable to respiratory block of anesthesia apparatus:

Dosimeter

It is not a theory of anesthesia:

Irritation

It is not a theory of the action of anesthetics:

Cytokine

Not applicable to the clinical course of inhalation anesthesia:

Premedication

What level of anesthetic sleep is life-threatening and the patient is not allowed?

The level of diaphragmatic breathing

What is introduced into the trachea during intubation?

The tracheal tube

The administration of a combination of drugs which created neyroleptanalgeziya?

Droperidol + fentanyl

Which of these drugs is an intravenous anesthetic?

Thiopental sodium

Cannot be used as an inhalation anesthetic:

Lidocaine

Are depolarizing relaxant: 1) Arduan 2) Ditilin 3) listenon 4) Tubocurarine 5) Pavulon

1,4,5;

Is the depolarizing muscle relaxant:

Ditilin

What percentage of novocaineis achieved the surface anesthesia :

How many percent solution of novocaine used for infiltration anesthesia?

0,25%

Used to prolong the action of local anesthetics ether type:

Adrelanin

By which way is performed vagosympathetic blockade?

Vishnevskymethod

What type of local anesthesia is widely used in dental practice?

Mandibular

It is not a contraindication to epidural anesthesia:

Caesarean section

At what level is performed epidural anesthesia for surgery on the pelvic organs?

III-IV of the lumbar vertebrae

When performing epidural anesthesia, that pierces the needle and falls into the epidural space?

Yellow ligament

Who for the first time successfully implemented spinal anesthesia:

August Bier

Refers to the conduction anesthesia: 1) infiltration, 2) byOberst, 3) spinal, 4) intraosseous, 5) epidural

2,3,5

Not applicable to complications during spinal anesthesia:

The sharp increase in blood pressure

Do not be written in the case report of the disease:

Diagnosis dictated by the patient

Refers to the procedure for the patient was admitted with acute gastrointestinal bleeding: 1) Assign heparin 2) Place the patient in the intensive care unit 3) Start hemostatic therapy 4) Perform urgent gastroduodenoscope 5) Assign aspirin

2, 3, 4;

Does not apply to an objective examination methods:

The complaint of the patient

There is no need to perform CT of the brain:

If there are pains in the epigastrium

There is no suspicion of hemorrhagic stroke:

Lowering blood pressure

There is no suspicion oflung cancer:

Obesity

What is the "sludge" syndrome?

Sedimentation ofplatelets and erythrocyte on the walls of capillaries with formation of thrombus

What laboratory index not plays role in determining the volume of blood loss?

Number of leukocytes

How is it possible to accurately determine the amount of blood lost during surgery?

Drawing blood from the surgical field with electric pumps in a graduated jar

After the loss of a percentage of volume of circulating blood develops hemorrhagic shock?

Which of these is not responsiveness to blood loss?

Enlargement of venous vessels

What happens in the central hemodynamics during acute blood loss?

Hypervolemia

It is not a way to temporarily stopping the bleeding:

Suturing of the defect of the vessel wall

It is a way to temporarily stopping the bleeding:

Bypass vessel by polyethylene tubing

It is no way to definitively stopping the bleeding:

The imposition of a pressure bandage

What is the chemical is not used to stopping capillary bleeding?

Potassium permanganate

This is the most reliable way to the final stopping toarrosive arterial bleeding:

Ligation of the vessel at a distsnce

The most reliable method of stopping bleeding with deep damage of the spleen:

Splenectomy

What is epistaxis?

Bleeding from the nose

It is a hidden internal bleeding:

The outpouring of blood in the body cavity

How much blood loss is a fractured femur?

500-1000 ml

The possible amount of blood loss during pelvic fractures:

3000 ml

Refers to the chemical gemostatic:

Adrenaline

Not applicable to biological methods to stop bleeding:

Intravenous administration of calcium chloride solution

The method of Momburg used for temporary stop the bleeding:

The abdominal aorta

The probe of Blackmore used to stop bleeding from:

Esophageal varices

Suggested angiorrhaphy:

Alexis Carrel

Refers to the mechanical methods to stop bleeding:

Ligation of thevessel

How many points is the thirddegree of operational and anesthetic risk?

3.5-5

What not to do before surgery?

Feed the patient

Are views operations on runtime: 1) Simultaneous 2) Radical 3) Emergency 4) Urgent 5) Elective 6) Palliative

3,4,5

As can be performed emergency surgery?

At any time

What can cause a delay emergency surgery for acute surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity? 1) Recovery of the patient 2) Myocardial infarction 3) Increase of intoxication 4) Generalized peritonitis 5) Death

3,4,5

How many days should be performed emergency surgery after admission the patient in the clinic?

Maximum to what extent you can take blood from a donor?

400-500 ml

Does not apply to the main antigenic blood system:

Eosinophilic antigens

What is the name of a polysaccharide antigen, located on the outer surface of the membrane of erythrocyte, which determines its serological activity?

Hapten

Term that reflects "blood group"?

The ratio of erythrocyte agglutinogens and agglutinins in plasma

At what age healthy people can donate blood and become a donor?

18-60

Who of these can become a donor?

A healthy person who has passed theblood 3 months ago

Where are the collection of bloodfor transfusion?

In a specially prepared, light and meets the requirementsof sanitary norms room

In what part of blood cell are antigens?

In the membrane

What is called the reaction occurring between the agglutinogens and agglutinins during determining of blood group?

Izogemagglyutination

The optimum temperature in the environment where it is determined blood group:

15-25

Which of these methods is impossible to determine the group affiliation?

Electrophoresis

Who should treat patients with open and closed injuries of the abdomen?

General surgeon

Specify a location where it can be obtained work injury:

In the factory during working hours

Does not occur directly during injury:

Osteomyelitis

Is an open injuries:

Incised wound of the back

The damage is the most rarely occurs:

Barotrauma

There is at once after injury:

Shock

Do not characteristic fordamage of lung and pleura:

Hematemesis

Health care in the early days in blunt chest trauma:

Rest and semi-sitting position

Early complications during the rib fractures: 1) Hemothorax 2) Pyothorax 3) Pneumothorax 4) Osteomyelitis of the ribs 5) Subcutaneous emphysema

1, 3, 5;

Are the obvious signs of damage to the lung: 1) Pneumothorax 2) Subcutaneous emphysema 3) Hematemesis 4) Hemothorax 5) Epistaxis

1, 2, 4;

What is accumulated in the pleural cavity during gemopnevmotoraks?

Blood and air

In what intercostal space necessary to drain the pleural cavity with a tension pneumothorax?

What should to do if the diagnosis is confirmed by the ongoing intra-abdominal bleeding during ectopic pregnancy?

Carry out emergency surgery

Damage to the kidneys most accurately confirmed: 1) Ultrasound examinations 2) A common blood test 3) General analysis of urine 4) Review of X-ray of the urinary tract 5) Emergency urography

1, 3, 5;

Do not characteristic of the rupture of a hollow organ in blunt abdominal trauma:

The presence cups of Kloyber’s

Characteristic of blunt abdominal trauma, with a rupture of a hollow organ: 1) Melena 2) Sharp abdominal pain 3) The reflex tension of the muscle of anterior abdominal wall 4) Positive symptomof Shchetkin-Blumberg’s 5) Diarrhea

2, 3, 4;

100

The introduction of the catheter into the abdominal cavity to define a small incision to the presence of blood is called:

Laparocentesis

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