biyokimya 1-111

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Property characteristic for valine amino acid:

it is a hydrophobic non-polar and essential amino acid

Property characteristic for serine amino acid:

is a hydrophilic and non-essential amino acid

Arginine amino acid belongs to:

polar amino acids with a positively charged side chain

Serine amino acid can form a hydrogen bond:

with glutamine

Alanine amino acid refers to:

hydrophobic and non-essential amino acids

C-terminal amino acid can be determined with:

carboxypeptidase

N-terminal amino acid can be determined with:

Sanger method

Which substance dilates the vessels and increases the permeability of the vascular wall?

bradykinin

Choose the row of amino acids containing a hydroxyl group.

serine, threonine

To which amino acids does the phosphoric acid residue bind in the molecule of phosphoproteins?

ser, thr

Which changes occur in protein at the isoelectric point?

its solubility decreases

Which amino acid constitutes 1/3 part of collagen?

glycine

Which of following is a complex protein?

phosphoprotein

Which protein predominantly contains glycine, proline and hydroxyproline amino acids?

collagen

A decrease in the amount of total protein in blood serum is called:

hypoproteinemia

Which substance does not belong to heme proteins?

carbonic anhydrase

With the help of which amino acid does carbohydrate compound bind with the O-glycosidic bond in glycoprotein molecule?

serine

A protein containing both Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions is:

cytochrome oxidase

Amount of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in the blood of adults lies in the interval of:

1-2%

With the help of which amino acid does the protein part of hemoglobin bind to heme?

histidine

Which factor is not the cause of denaturation of protein?

heating to 40°C

Show correct sequence in II chain of DNA molecule, if the sequence of monomers in I chain is T-C-G-A-G-G-A-C-A

A-G-C-T-C-C-T-G-T

Which type of bonds participates in the formation of primary structure of nucleic acids?

3’,5’-phosphodiester

Show the correct row with the components of nucleotides.

pentose, nitrogen base, residue of phosphoric acid

What is nucleoside?

It is compound of nitrogen base with pentose

What is the name of compound obtained by complete hydrolysis of nucleic acids?

guanine

Which of the following is minor nucleoside?

pseudouridine

The activation of which enzyme causes autolysis of the pancreas in a patient whose urine diastasis index is 10 times higher than normal?

trypsin

Which of the following belongs to ligases?

carboxylases

Which of the following belongs to lyases?

decarboxylases

Which bonds are cleaved by proteases?

peptide bonds

According to the type of catalyzed reactions, enzymes are divided into:

oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases

The class of the enzyme indicates:

the type of reaction it catalyzes

Enzymes increase the speed of reaction because:

they decrease the energy of activation of the chemical reaction

Which enzymes include FAD?

monoamine oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase

Ligases:

catalyze synthesis reactions and use ATP

Which substanse is used to achieve spasmolytic and hypotensive effect (I) and what is its effect based on (II)?

I- bradykinin II – it dilates blood vessels

Choose vitamins that act as coenzymes.

riboflavin, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, folacin, cobalamin

Show the types of dehydrogenases:

reductases, oxidases, oxygenases, peroxidases

The speed of the enzymatic reaction increases: 1) During the decrease in temperature 2) During the increase in the amount of enzymes 3) During enzyme denaturation 4) During coenzyme deficiency 5) When adding the specific activator

2,5

What type of reactions do kinases catalyze?

phosphorylation

What reactions do kinases catalyze?

transfer of phosphate groups from one molecule to another

Functional groups of which amino acids in enzymes can participate in the catalysis?

lysine, tryptophan, cysteine, phenylalanine, histidine

Show coenzymes of nucleotide and peptide nature.

CDP-choline, UDP-glucose, glutathione

Where does a competitive inhibitor bind?

to the active site

Which class do enzymes, which participate in the transport of different radicals from one substrate to another, belong to?

transferases

How many amino acid residues are included in the active site of enzymes?

12-16

Which of the following enzyme is not protein in nature?

ribozyme

What is the name of enzyme that breaks down C-C bonds in the substrate molecule without water?

lyases

Select the correct row with optimal pH for pepsin, trypsin and acidic phosphatase?

I<II>III

Which coenzymes include vitamin B2?

FMN and FAD

Loss of appetite, hyperkeratosis, eye inflammation, hair loss, decreased immunity occurred in the patient during long-term intake of fish oil. What is the reason for this pathology?

Hypervitaminosis of vitamin A

The patient complains of losing the ability to see things when it gets dark, besides, skin peeling, conjunctivitis and xerophthalmia are observed. What is the cause of this pathology?

hypovitaminosis of vitamin A

Manifestations of vitamin K hypovitaminosis are:

subcutaneous hemorrhages

Show the coenzyme function of vitamin B1:

it is included in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Show the biological role of vitamin PP.

it participates in tissue respiration

Which of the following is related to anti-vitamins?

avidin, dicoumarol, sulfonamides

The patient complains of weakness and heart pain. In addition, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the tongue and lips, keratosis, vascularization of the cornea were found. Hypo- or hypervitaminosis of which vitamin causes these changes?

hypovitaminosis of vitamin B2

Which coenzymes include vitamin B6?

PALP and PAMP

A tuberculosis patient has taken isoniazid for a long time. Soon he started to expereince skin peeling and hair loss. What could be the reason for these changes?

Hypovitaminosis of vitamin B6 occurred

What is the chemical nature of the endogenous factor of vitamin B12?

glycoprotein

Which vitamin may be deficient in a patient with complaints such as weakness, shortness of breath, heart pain, petechial hemorrhages, bleeding gums?

vitamin C

Which reaction is catalized by vitamin PP?

dehydrogenation

Vitamin B6 is coenzyme:

decarboxylases and amino transferases

The coenzyme of vitamin B9 is:

THFA

Nicotinic acid is a cofactor:

NAD and NADP

Which vitamin is involved in blood clotting and what is the mechanism of action?

vitamin K, activation of coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X

What is provitamin?

precursor of vitamins

Coenzyme form of vitamin B12 is?

5-DOAC

Vitamin A:

is antixerophthalmic

Vitamin E:

is redox vitamin

Vitamin K:

is responsible for blood clotting

Vitamers are:

different structural forms of vitamins

Carotenes:

are provitamin of vitamin A

Vitamin B1:

is antineuritis

Vitamin B9 (Bc):

is called folic acid

Vitamin B12:

is antianemic

Vitamin H:

is called biotin

Determine the compliance.

1-c,d; 2-b,c; 3-c; 4-a

Which vitamin is needed for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine in procollagen?

ascorbic acid

Which pair of vitamins contain a sulphur atom?

thiamine and biotin

Antivitamins:

reduce the effect of vitamins

Which coenzyme (I) and its vitamin-precursor (II) participate in the reaction of transfer of amino group from amino acid to keto acid?

I-pyridoxal phospate; II-B6

Show the complete row of provitamins.

B-carotene, a-carotene, 7-dehydrocholesterol

Determine the appropriate names of anti-seborrheic, antianemic, antiscorbutic and antineuritic vitamins.

biotin, cobalamin, ascorbic acid, thiamine

Show anti-dermatic vitamins.

B2, B6, PP, pantothenic acid

Which of the following are coenzymes of vitamin B12? 1) Cyanocobalamin 2) Hydroxocobalamin 3) Methylcobalamin 4) Aquacobalamin 5) 5-DOAC

3,5

Which of following belong to enzyme-vitamins?

B1, B2, PP, B6, B12, H

Which of following are redox-vitamins?

A, E, C, lipoic acid

Which vitamin contains non-proteinogenic amino acid in structure?

pantothenic acid

Which vitamin contains proteinogenic amino acid in structure?

folic acid

Determine the compliance.

I-3, II-1, III-4, IV-2, V-5

Determine the compliance. Coenzyme Vitamins I. TPP 1) B6 II. 5’–DOAC 2) B12 III. PALP 3) B1

I-3, II-2, III-1

Define vitamins.

X-E, Y-K, Z-B1

Define vitamins.

X-A, Y-B2, Z-E

Biochemical process (I) and developing disease (II) that occur during hypovitaminosis of vitamin D:

I- calcium reabsorption decreases II- rickets

Show the biological role of vitamin B12.

it plays the role of a coenzyme in the isomerization reaction

Show the biological role of vitamin H.

it participates as a coenzyme in the biosynthesis of fatty acids

Determine the compliance.

I-3, II-1, III-2

100

Determine the correspondence between vitamin (I) and its antivitamin (II).

I- vitamin K II- dicoumarin

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