microbiology ETS 1-100

通報

問題一覧

It is determined by the microscopic method:

morphology of microorganisms

Which of the following components is present in gram-negativebacteria but not in gram-positive bacteria?

Lipid A

Which one of the following agents lacks nucleic acid?

Prions

A 65-year-old man develops dementia, progressive over severalmonths, along with ataxia and somnolence. An electroencephalographicpattern shows paroxysms with high voltages and slow waves, suggestive of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). By whichof the following agents is this disease caused?

Prion

Which one of the following is a prokaryote?

Bacteria

Which one of the following agents simultaneously contains both DNA and RNA?

Bacteria

Which of the following terms does NOT describe the bacterial chromosome?

Diploid

Micrococci are arranged in:

one by one(regular packets)

Refers to simple staining:

Methylene blue staining

The nucleoid of the bacterial cell is involved in: 1) Reproduction 2) The movement 3) Spore formation 4) Mesasome formation

1, 3

Mesosomes are involved in: 1) Division 2) The movement 3) Spore formation 4) Resistance to antibiotics

1, 3

Cytoplasmic membrane are involved in: 1) Division 2) The movement 3) Spore formation 4) Resistance to antibiotics

1, 3

A series of letters containing spores of Bacillus anthracis were mailed to members of the media. The result was 22 cases of anthrax, with five deaths. The heat resistance of bacterial spores, such as those of Bacillusanthracis, is partly attributable to their dehydrated state andpartly to thepresence of large amounts of

Calcium dipicolinate

The correct statement for bacterial flagella is:

found only in motile bacteria

A group of teenagers became ill with nausea, vomiting, severe abdominal cramps, and diarrhea after eating undercooked hamburgers from a local restaurant. Two of the teenagers were hospitalized with hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated from the patient’s stools as well as from uncooked hamburgers. The H7 refers to which bacterial structure?

Flagella

Being outside the cell wall of the bacterium, it ensures adhesion to the surface of the host cell:

Pili

They are located on the surface of the bacterial cell wall and provide attachment to the host cell:

pili

Mycoplasma species lack which of the following components?

Peptidoglycan

Correct statement for pseudohyphae:

does not have a common cell wall

Morphological features of dimorphic fungi:

forms a mycelial form on nutrient media, and a yeast(like) form in the body

Perfect fungi include:

sexually reproducing

Refers to imperfect fungi:

fungi that cannot reproduce sexually

Characteristically for the protozoa:

pellicle

It is not typical for the protozoa:

conidia

DNA type viruses refer to:

Herpesviruses

Not characteristic for viruses:

the presence of a protein synthesizing system

Specific to viruses:

obligate intracellular parasites

DNA type viruses refer to:

Hepadnovirus

Which of them enveloped DNA virus:

Hepadnovirus

Which of them enveloped DNA virus:

Herpesvirus

Based on the effect of saturated steam under high pressure:

autoclave sterilization

Which nutrient medium is used for the differentiation of Gram negative bacilli?

Eosin Methylene Blue Agar

Nutrient media used in:

cultivation method

Rickettsia does not grow:

in nutrient media

The interaction of a temperate phage with a bacterial cell leads to:

lysogeny

The interaction of a virulent phage with a bacterial cell leads to:

cell lysis

Lysogenic bacteriaphage:

bacteria containing prophage

Detection of the agent in patient specimens by nucleic acid testing.

nucleic acid hybridization

Detection of the agent in patient specimens by nucleic acid testing.

polymerase chain reaction

Detection of the agent in patient specimens by nucleic acid testing

sequencing

Direct transfer of the donor DNA fragment to the recipient cell without any means is called:

transformation

Deletion:

is the loss of a certain part of the chromosome

F plazmid play main role in the:

Congugation

Which one of the following terms characterizes the interaction between herpes simplex virus and a human?

Parasitism

Mutualistic symbiosis includes: 1) Antagonism 2) Parasitism 3) Satellism 4) Metabiosis

3, 4

During satelliteism:

the development of another species is stimulated by the influence of one type of microorganism

Determine X, Y and Z:

X- soil, Y- water, Z-air

Microorganisms are not normally found: 1) Nasal cavity 2) Lungs 3) Bronchi 4) Nasopharynx

2, 3

Which site does not have a normal flora?

Blood stream

The correct statement for the probiotics:

Live organism that when ingested is believed to provide benefit to the host

The correct statement for the normal microbiota of the human body:

an obligate microflora is always present in the body

The correct statement for the normal microbiota of the human body:

Community of microbes that live in and on an individual; can vary substantially between environmental sites and host niches in health and disease

Usually sterile: 1) vagina 2) ureters 3) bladder 4) gastrointestinal tract

2, 3

The normal obligate microflora of the vagina refers to:

lactobacilli

Does not apply to the functions of representatives of normal microflora:

synthesizes cytokines

Resident flora is commonly found in the

Urethra

The correct statement for the phenotype of the bacterium is:

depends on the influence of external factors

Not true for plasmids:

they participate in the reproduction of bacteria

The distinguishing feature of Hfr-strain is:

has high conjugation ability

After conjugation between the F+ and F— cells:

F— cell becomes F+ cell

After conjugation between Hfr-strain and F- cell:

the recipient remains an F— cell

In genetic engineering, it is used for transfer recombinant DNA into recipient cells: ,

vector

The polymerase chain reaction is based on:

to detect gene fragments of the causative microorganism in the pathological material

What form of symbiosis between microorganisms is characterized by the production of bacteriocins?

antagonism

What form of symbiosis between microorganisms is characterized by the production of antibiotics?

antagonism

What is a bactericidal effect?

killing bacteria

What is the bacteriastatic effect?

inhibition of bacterial development

Fluoroquinolones include:

ciprofloxacin

Derivatives of metronidazolehave:

antiprotozoal action

Beta-lactam antibiotics:

carbapenem

Derivatives of imidazoles (ketoconazole, etc. ) have:

antifungal action

It has an antifungal effect:

fluconazole

It is used to determine the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics:

cultıvatıon

Beta-lactam antibiotics:

Monobactam

Related to macrolides:

erythromycin

Regarding tetracyclines:

doxycycline

Aminoglycosides include:

kanamycin

Polyene antibiotics:

nystatin

It has an antimicrobial effect by inhibiting protein synthesis:

tetracyclines

It does not belong to the mechanisms of antimicrobial action of antibiotics:

inhibition of respiratory enzymes in bacteria

β-Lactamases are an important cause of antibiotic resistance. Which one of the following is the most common site where β-lactamases are located?

Within the periplasmic space

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains:

resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics

Beta-lactamase enzyme inhibitors include:

clavulanic acid

Sulbactam is:

an inhibitor of beta-lactamase enzyme

The sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics is determined by:

disk-diffusion method

The minimum bactericidal concentration of the antibiotic:

is the smallest amount that causes the destruction of microorganisms

The mechanism of transduction is:

transfer of genetic material from donor to recipient by bacteriophage

Hundreds of phylotypes have been identified in the human stomach; however, the only microorganism that has been shown to persist is

Helicobacter pylori

Which of the following is the most resistant to destruction by chemicals and heat?

Spores of Bacillus anthracis

Pathogenic microorganisms differ from saprophytes:

due to pathogenicity factors

Adhesion:

is the ability of microorganisms to adhere to the host cell

Provides adhesion:

pili

The pathogenicity factors of microorganisms are:

adhesins

Colonization:

is the settlement of microorganisms on the surface or inside the host cells

The process whereby bacteria, animal parasites, fungi, and viruses enter host cells or tissues and spread in the body:

invasion

It refers to the virulence factors of microorganisms:

enzymes

Does not apply to aggression enzymes:

permease

It refers to the pathogenicity factors of microorganisms:

toxins

Specific for exotoxins: 1) It is secreted by the microbial cell into the external environment 2) But it is found in gram negative bacteria 3) It is synthesized by both gram positive and gram negative bacteria 4) Contains protein 5) Contains lipopolysaccharide

1, 3, 4

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