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100問 • 2年前

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Preventive intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with preterm birth to improve outcomes for preterm infants

tertiary

Leading cause of death and disability among children in developed countries

infectious diseases

Perinatal care for preterm birth refers to this type of interference

tertiary

By "double burden" or "triple loading" is meant

non-communicable diseases and injuries

GBD stands for

the global burden of disease

The meaning of the concept HALE

health-adjusted life expectancy

Why was DALY created

was created to measure population health with the ability to express the contribution of risks as a proportion of the total burden of injury and disease

Types of preventive interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality from preterm birth

primary, secondary and tertiary prevention

These diagnoses are most often associated with preterm birth

bleeding, hypertension, fetal insufficiency

The following does not apply to the pregnancy protection policy

salary increases

According to EUROPOP studies, these women have an increased risk of preterm birth 1) in women of reproductive age 2) for those who work on the night shift 3) in women standing more than 6 hours on their feet 4) in women who work more than 42 hours a week 5) work in hazardous areas

2,3,4,5

Who were the 5888 participants in the Cochrane study

women

These essential drugs are used to prolong pregnancy in women at risk of preterm birth

tocolytics

The regional perinatal network service includes 1) providing medical and preventive care to mothers 2) provision of medical and preventive care for newborns 3) provision of medical and preventive care for women 4) providing medical and preventive care to schoolchildren 5) provision of medical and preventive care to females under 14 years of age

1,2

Over the past 15 years, the use of hydrocodone in the United States of America

more than doubled

Oxycodone consumption in the US over the past 15 years

increased by 500%

Over the past 15 years in the United States of America, deaths from overdose of opioid painkillers (OPR)

increased by 4 times

From 1997 to 2011, the number of people receiving OPR (opioid pain medication) addiction treatment in the United States of America

increased by 900%

The first epidemic of opioid addiction in America began

in the second half of the 19th century

Most deaths from OPR overdose occur at the age of

45-54 years old

Women are most likely to die from OPR overdose at age

55-64 years old

Prevention of post-injection disease in people with opioid dependence is of this type

tertiary

Not applicable for the treatment of opioid dependence

physiotherapy treatment

Injection programs for opioid dependence are included in this type of prevention

tertiary

Efforts of these services are needed to combat opioid addiction in the US 1) departmental agencies 2) transport department 3) medical workers 4) federal agencies 5) health insurance companies

1,3,4,5

The efforts of these services are not required in the fight against opioid dependence in the USA

carriers

What is the role of prevention in disease control 1) local prevention 2) racial prevention 3) individual prevention 4) prevention at the state level 5) national prevention

1,3,4,5

Needed to prevent disease and health problems 1) timely and effective public health intervention 2) race relations 3) training of health workers both locally and abroad 4) public education 5) promotion of a healthy lifestyle

1,3,4,5

Not essential for the prevention of diseases and health disorders

frequent changes in living conditions

Important for preventing disease and health problems 1) racial discrimination 2) working with the media to highlight public health issues 3) developing programs to actively communicate information to target groups at high risk of illness and injury 4) providing community health information 5) social inequality

2,3,4,5

Definition of "health" according to WHO

a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Social inequality in health is not reflected in this topic

physical development of the population

Exploring health inequalities includes

study of the prevalence of diseases and risk factors for diseases among the population in a certain area

When studying health inequality in Russia, this factor is paid more attention to

gender, economy, territory

This factor with social inequality does not affect health indicators

anthropometric indicators

These demographic factors have a lasting impact on health 1) employment 2) gender 3) marital status 4) race 5) socio-economic factors 6) education

2,3,4

These do not apply to socio-economic factors affecting health

foreign policy

The determining factor of health is 1) life expectancy at birth 2) high income 3) education 4) marital status 5) social support

2,3,4,5

Lack of social support leads to 1) diseases of the circulatory system 2) pregnancy complications 3) increase economic security 4) suicide 5) longevity

1,2,4

Specify the sequence of levels of the ecological model of health behavior

intrapersonal factors, interpersonal relationships, institutional factors, social factors, public policy

Number of levels of ecological health behavior model

5 levels

Family and friends influence this level of ecological health behavior

2nd

At this level of the ecological model of behavior in relation to health, the knowledge and skills of the individual are important

1st

Places of study and work are important at this level of the ecological model of health behavior

3rd

Society influences the ecological model of health behavior at this level

4th

This level of ecological health behavior is influenced by public policy

5th

The most commonly used health belief models and environmental model theories for

public health and disease prevention programs

The AIDS prevention program was first applied

In San Francisco, 1980

Choose wrong - physical activity

increases the amount of low-density lipoproteins

Choose the wrong option - physical activity

reduces the amount of high density lipoproteins

Choose the correct answer - physical activity

reduces the risk of developing diabetes

Physical activity

reduces the risk of obesity

Wrong answer - physical activity

slows down the rhythm of life

Choose the correct answer - physical activity

improves quality of life

Where does suicide rank as the leading cause of death among 15-24 year olds in the United States

What is the second leading cause of death among 15–24-year-olds in the United States

suicide

What is primary injury prevention

avoiding injury

What percentage of the world's population has a disability

15%

Which article of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities affirms the right of persons with disabilities to the highest standard of health without discrimination

Article 25

What barriers do people with disabilities face in providing health care 1) physical barriers 2) national barriers 3) communication barriers 4) financial barriers 5) behavioral barriers 6) personal barriers

1,3,4,5

What type of obstacles is the remoteness of health centers from people's places of residence

physical

What is not a physical barrier that people with disabilities face in providing health care 1) discrimination in the admission of people with disabilities 2) shortcomings in writing prescriptions 3) inability of people with disabilities to pay for medicines 4) flexibility in the organization of patient reception 5) lack of lifts for the disabled 6) lack of road crossings for the disabled

1,2,3,4

The limited availability of written materials or sign language interpreters for the hearing impaired in the healthcare sector is one of these barriers.

communication

What barrier is the inability of people with disabilities to pay for medicines

finance

What does not apply to communication barriers in the provision of medical care to people with disabilities 1) no road crossings for people in wheelchairs 2) limited availability of written materials or sign language interpreters for the hearing impaired 3) do not print medical information in capital letters 4) recipes are not printed in large print 5) lack of lifts for the disabled

1,5

Which of the following is not a financial barrier faced by people with disabilities in providing health care

no lifts for people in wheelchairs

The foundations of the Health for All by the Year 2000 strategy were laid

at the 32nd session of the General Assembly in 1979

Measures to be taken by States parties to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, adopted in 1966, include: 1) ensuring the reduction of stillbirths, child mortality and ensuring the healthy development of the child; 2) improvement of all aspects of environmental health and labor protection in industry; 3) prevention and treatment of epidemic, endemic, occupational and other diseases and their control; 4) creation and expansion of medical schools 5) formation of recreation areas 6) creation of conditions under which, in case of illness, everyone will be provided with medical assistance

1,2,3, 6

According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the leading actual cause of death is

tobacco

Proportion of deaths from cancer associated with tobacco

30%

Proportion of deaths from tobacco-related cardiovascular diseases

21%

Second leading cause of death

malnutrition and hypodynamia

Third leading cause of death

alcohol abuse

Proportion of car deaths due to alcohol abuse

35-40%

Fourth most important actual cause of death

microbial agents

Fifth most important actual cause of death

toxic substances

Public health programs in the United States focus on

people's behavior

One of the reasons why people with higher socioeconomic status are healthier is that

healthier behavior

According to the Health belief model, the factors that determine the likelihood of a person changing their behavior when faced with a threat to health are as follows 1) degree of vulnerability to danger 2) risk management 3) barriers to risk reduction actions 4) effectiveness of actions taken to prevent or minimize the problem 5) social adaptation of a person 6) perceived severity of the threat

1,3,4,6

Life expectancy for white people born in the US in 2013

79.1 years

Life expectancy for blacks born in the US in 2013

75.5 years

How much of breast cancer in the United States is considered "sporadic"

up to 90%

Article 25 of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan states that the state guarantees equality of rights and freedoms to everyone, regardless of 1) race, ethnicity 2) religion, language, origin 3) property and official status, beliefs 4) belonging to political parties, trade unions and other public associations 5) place of residence 6) monthly salary

1,2,3,4

Which government agency provides war invalids with rehabilitation, prosthetic and orthopedic equipment, high-tech prostheses, including wheelchairs

Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Population

An infectious disease that wiped out 75% of the population of Europe and Asia in the 14th century

plague

The scientist who developed methods for classifying bacteria

Robert Koch

Show an item that is not related to the chain of infection

medicine

The most successful weapon against diseases that cause epidemics

immunization

A disease that first appeared in 2002 in southern China

atypical pneumonia

This is a zoonotic viral neuroinfection characterized by the development of severe encephalitis

rabies

The rabies vaccine was created by this scientist

L. Pasteur

Not applicable in the treatment of rabies

anthelmintic drugs

Endemic poliomyelitis persists in these countries 1) Nigeria 2) Greece 3) Pakistan 4) Afghanistan 5) India 6) Ethiopia 7) Chad

1, 3, 4

According to the Framingham epidemiological study, the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease 1) high blood cholesterol 2) congenital diseases 3) smoking 4) high blood pressure 5) hereditary defects 6) malnutrition

1,3,4

Factors associated with "essential hypertension" 1) excess high-density lipoprotein 2) stress 3) lowering low density lipoprotein 4) low physical activity 5) obesity 6) smoking

2,4,5,6

Leading cause of death and disability in the elderly in developed countries

non-communicable diseases

The general aspect of indicators that combine mortality and morbidity

measuring the loss or gain of health in units of time

DALY means

disability-adjusted life years

DALY implies

is an indicator of the health gap

100

What is DW

disability weight

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