問題一覧
1
Final product of hydrolysis of proteins is :
amino acids
2
Which is complex protein ?
vitin
3
Which of the following bonds are formed in a primary structure of protein?
peptide bonds
4
Carnosine and anserine are composed of
β-alanine and histidine
5
Interferon is :
glycoprotein
6
C-terminal amino acid can be determined with:
carboxypeptidase
7
N-terminal amino acid can be determined with:
Sanger method
8
Which substance dilates the vessels and increases the permeability of the vascular wall?
bradykinin
9
Choose the row of amino acids containing a hydroxyl group.
serine, threonine
10
To which amino acids does the phosphoric acid residue bind in the molecule of phosphoproteins?
ser, thr
11
Which changes occur in protein at the isoelectric point?
its solubility decreases
12
Which proteins contain copper?
cytochrome oxidase, ceruroplasmin
13
Which amino acid constitutes 1/3 part of collagen?
glycine
14
Which protein predominantly contains glycine, proline and hydroxyproline amino acids?
collagen
15
Property characteristic for serine amino acid:
is a hydrophilic and non-essential amino acid
16
Show correct sequence in II chain of DNA molecule, if the sequence of monomers in I chain is T-C-G-A-G-G-A-C-A
A-G-C-T-C-C-T-G-T
17
Which type of bonds participates in the formation of primary structure of nucleic acids?
3’,5’-phosphodiester
18
Show the correct row with the components of nucleotides.
pentose, nitrogen base, residue of phosphoric acid
19
What is nucleoside?
It is compound of nitrogen base with pentose
20
Which product is obtained on the complete hydrolysis of nucleic acids?
guanine
21
Which of the following is minor nucleoside?
pseudouridine
22
Which of the following bonds are formed in a secondary structure of protein?
hydrogen bonds
23
The activation of which enzyme causes autolysis of the pancreas in a patient whose urine diastasis index is 10 times higher than normal?
trypsin
24
Which of the following belongs to ligases?
carboxylases
25
Which of the following belongs to lyases?
decarboxylases
26
Which bonds are cleaved by proteases?
peptide bonds
27
According to the type of catalyzed reactions, enzymes are divided into:
oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases
28
How can enzymes be categorized into classes?
based on the type of reactions catalyzed by an enzyme
29
Enzymes increase the speed of reaction because:
they decrease the energy of activation of the chemical reaction
30
Which enzymes include FAD?
xanthin oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase
31
Ligases:
catalyze synthesis reactions and use ATP
32
Show the types of dehydrogenases:
reductases, oxidases, oxygenases, peroxidases
33
Esterases, lypases, nucleases belong to
hydrolases
34
What type of reactions do kinases catalyze?
phosphorylation
35
Functional groups of which amino acids in enzymes can participate in the catalysis?
lysine, tryptophan, cysteine, phenylalanine, histidine
36
Show coenzymes of nucleotide and peptide nature.
CDP-choline, UDP-glucose, glutathione
37
Where does a competitive inhibitor bind?
to the active site
38
Which coenzymes include vitamin B2?
FMN and FAD
39
Loss of appetite, hyperkeratosis, eye inflammation, hair loss, decreased immunity occurred in the patient during long-term intake of fish oil. What is the reason for this pathology?
Hypervitaminosis of vitamin A
40
The patient complains of losing the ability to see things when it gets dark, besides, skin peeling, conjunctivitis and xerophthalmia are observed. What is the cause of this pathology?
hypovitaminosis of vitamin A
41
Manifestations of vitamin K hypovitaminosis are:
subcutaneous hemorrhages
42
Show the coenzyme function of vitamin B1:
it is included in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
43
Show the biological role of vitamin PP.
it participates in tissue respiration
44
Which of the following is related to anti-vitamins?
avidin, dicoumarol, sulfonamides
45
The patient complains of weakness and heart pain. In addition, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the tongue and lips, keratosis, vascularization of the cornea were found. Hypo- or hypervitaminosis of which vitamin causes these changes?
hypovitaminosis of vitamin B2
46
Which coenzymes include vitamin B6?
PALP and PAMP
47
A tuberculosis patient has taken isoniazid for a long time. Soon he started to expereince skin peeling and hair loss. What could be the reason for these changes?
Hypovitaminosis of vitamin B6 occurred
48
What is the chemical nature of the endogenous factor of vitamin B12?
glycoprotein
49
Which vitamin may be deficient in a patient with complaints such as weakness, shortness of breath, heart pain, petechial hemorrhages, bleeding gums?
vitamin C
50
Function of vitamin B6 :
it participates in the metabolism of amino acids
51
Which hormone is synthesized from cholesterol?
calcitriol
52
Vitamin B6 is coenzyme:
decarboxylases and amino transferases
53
The coenzyme of vitamin B9 is:
THFA
54
Nicotinic acid is a cofactor:
NAD and NADP
55
Which vitamin is involved in blood clotting and what is the mechanism of action?
vitamin K, activation of coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X
56
What is provitamin?
precursor of vitamins
57
Coenzyme form of vitamin B12 is?
5-DOAC
58
Vitamin A:
is antixerophthalmic
59
Vitamin E:
is redox vitamin
60
The speed of the enzymatic reaction increases: 1) During the decrease in temperature 2) During the increase in the amount of enzymes 3) During enzyme denaturation 4) During coenzyme deficiency 5) When adding the specific activator
2,5
61
Determine the compliance.
1-c,d; 2-b,c; 3-c; 4-a
62
Which vitamin is needed for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine in procollagen?
ascorbic acid
63
Which pair of vitamins contain a sulphur atom?
thiamine and biotin
64
Antivitamins:
reduce the effect of vitamins
65
Which coenzyme (I) and its vitamin-precursor (II) participate in the reaction of transfer of amino group from amino acid to keto acid?
I-pyridoxal phospate; II-B6
66
Which of the following is not related to the hormones of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
antidiuretic hormone
67
Which of the following metabolic processes cannot be accelerated by insulin hormone?
lipolysis
68
Which of the following processes is not typical for the action of insulin in the liver?
protein synthesis decreases
69
Which hormone acts on G-protein-coupled receptors? 1) adrenalin 2) noradrenalin 3) tryiodtironin 4)hydrocortisol 5)glucagon
1,2,5
70
Which hormone is synthesized in the hypothalamus and is transported with neurophysin in the neurohypophysis?
oxytocin
71
Which of the following is not typical for the effect of cortisol?
decrease in blood glucose level
72
Which of the following is not related to the effect of insulin?
absorption of glucose into brain tissue
73
Which hormone is synthesized in the pineal gland?
melatonin
74
Show the neurohypophysis hormone.
vasopressin
75
Show the biological role of thyrotropine .
It provides synthesis of tri- and tetraiodothyronine
76
Which hormone facilitates glycogen synthesis?
insulin
77
How is the condition of a patient with hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria, hypertension explained?
with a increase in the synthesis of glucocorticoids
78
What is the effect of catecholamines on lipid metabolism?
They activate tissue lipase and the release of fat from storage
79
Calmodulin is:
an intracellular Ca-binding protein
80
Show "second messengers" which participate in hormonal signal transduction. 1) cAMP 2) Calmodulin 3) cGMP 4) Ca2+ 5) G-protein
1,3,4
81
Parathormone affects the metabolism of the following elements:
calcium and phosphorus
82
Steroid nature hormones are :
estrogens, androgens, progestins
83
The adenylate cyclase system includes enzymes:
adenylate cyclase, protein kinase A, phosphodiesterase
84
Which of the following belong to the hormones of the digestive system?
gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin
85
Show the sequence of metabolites involved in the synthesis of adrenaline.
tyrosine, DOPA, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline
86
Phospholipids are divided into:
glycerophospholipids and sphingophospholipids
87
Which function is characteristic for triacylglycerol?
it is reserve energy source
88
Another name for phosphatidylcholine is:
lecithins
89
Cholesterol is precursor of:
bile acids, vitamin D, sex hormones
90
Which of the following are fatty acids?
palmitic and oleic acids
91
Glycolipids are divided into:
cerebrosides and gangliosides
92
Choose saturated fatty acids.
butyric acid and palmitic acid
93
Components of gangliosides are:
sphingosine, fatty acids, oligosaccharides
94
Show homopolysaccharides.
starch, inulin, chitin
95
Which carbohydrates have fructose in structure?
sucrose, inulin
96
Which oligosaccharide does not have reducing properties?
sucrose
97
Which oligosaccharide is composed of glucose and galactose molecules?
lactose
98
Which statement is not typical for cellulose?
it is energy source