問題一覧
1
Which enzymes include FAD?
xanthin oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase
2
Which hormone is synthesized in the hypothalamus and is transported with neurophysin in the neurohypophysis?
oxytocin
3
Which coenzyme (I) and its vitamin-precursor (II) participate in the reaction of transfer of amino group from amino acid to keto acid?
I-pyridoxal phospate; II-B6
4
Manifestations of vitamin K hypovitaminosis are:
subcutaneous hemorrhages
5
Show the coenzyme function of vitamin B1:
it is included in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
6
The patient complains of weakness and heart pain. In addition, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the tongue and lips, keratosis, vascularization of the cornea were found. Hypo- or hypervitaminosis of which vitamin causes these changes?
hypovitaminosis of vitamin B2
7
Vitamin A:
is antixerophthalmic
8
Which of the following belong to the hormones of the digestive system?
gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin
9
Cholesterol is precursor of:
bile acids, vitamin D, sex hormones
10
Coenzyme form of vitamin B12 is?
5-DOAC
11
Which of the following is related to anti-vitamins?
avidin, dicoumarol, sulfonamides
12
Antivitamins:
reduce the effect of vitamins
13
Which vitamin is involved in blood clotting and what is the mechanism of action?
vitamin K, activation of coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X
14
A tuberculosis patient has taken isoniazid for a long time. Soon he started to expereince skin peeling and hair loss. What could be the reason for these changes?
Hypovitaminosis of vitamin B6 occurred
15
Determine the compliance.
1-c,d; 2-b,c; 3-c; 4-a
16
Which of the following metabolic processes cannot be accelerated by insulin hormone?
lipolysis
17
The coenzyme of vitamin B9 is:
THFA
18
Which of the following processes is not typical for the action of insulin in the liver?
protein synthesis decreases
19
Which function is characteristic for triacylglycerol?
it is reserve energy source
20
The adenylate cyclase system includes enzymes:
adenylate cyclase, protein kinase A, phosphodiesterase
21
Function of vitamin B6 :
it participates in the metabolism of amino acids
22
Which amino acid constitutes 1/3 part of collagen?
glycine
23
Моnomers of starch and inulin are:
α-glucose, β-fructose
24
Final product of hydrolysis of proteins is :
amino acids
25
Glycolipids are divided into:
cerebrosides and gangliosides
26
Which product is obtained on the complete hydrolysis of nucleic acids?
guanine
27
Which vitamin is needed for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine in procollagen?
ascorbic acid
28
The activation of which enzyme causes autolysis of the pancreas in a patient whose urine diastasis index is 10 times higher than normal?
trypsin
29
Which of the following are fatty acids?
palmitic and oleic acids
30
Show "second messengers" which participate in hormonal signal transduction. 1) cAMP 2) Calmodulin 3) cGMP 4) Ca2+ 5) G-protein
1,3,4
31
To which amino acids does the phosphoric acid residue bind in the molecule of phosphoproteins?
ser, thr
32
Where does a competitive inhibitor bind?
to the active site
33
Calmodulin is:
an intracellular Ca-binding protein
34
Show the neurohypophysis hormone.
vasopressin
35
Components of gangliosides are:
sphingosine, fatty acids, oligosaccharides
36
Which hormone acts on G-protein-coupled receptors? 1) adrenalin 2) noradrenalin 3) tryiodtironin 4)hydrocortisol 5)glucagon
1,2,5
37
Heparin is
heteropolysaccharides
38
Show coenzymes of nucleotide and peptide nature.
CDP-choline, UDP-glucose, glutathione
39
Show homopolysaccharides.
starch, inulin, chitin
40
Show the types of dehydrogenases:
reductases, oxidases, oxygenases, peroxidases
41
How is the condition of a patient with hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria, hypertension explained?
with a increase in the synthesis of glucocorticoids
42
Vitamin B6 is coenzyme:
decarboxylases and amino transferases
43
C-terminal amino acid can be determined with:
carboxypeptidase
44
Which hormone is synthesized from cholesterol?
calcitriol
45
What type of reactions do kinases catalyze?
phosphorylation
46
Which pair of vitamins contain a sulphur atom?
thiamine and biotin
47
Functional groups of which amino acids in enzymes can participate in the catalysis?
lysine, tryptophan, cysteine, phenylalanine, histidine
48
Property characteristic for serine amino acid:
is a hydrophilic and non-essential amino acid
49
Show the biological role of thyrotropine .
It provides synthesis of tri- and tetraiodothyronine
50
Parathormone affects the metabolism of the following elements:
calcium and phosphorus
51
Which of the following is not related to the hormones of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
antidiuretic hormone
52
Which of the following is minor nucleoside?
pseudouridine
53
Which coenzymes include vitamin B2?
FMN and FAD
54
According to the type of catalyzed reactions, enzymes are divided into:
oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases
55
The speed of the enzymatic reaction increases: 1) During the decrease in temperature 2) During the increase in the amount of enzymes 3) During enzyme denaturation 4) During coenzyme deficiency 5) When adding the specific activator
2,5
56
Which vitamin may be deficient in a patient with complaints such as weakness, shortness of breath, heart pain, petechial hemorrhages, bleeding gums?
vitamin C
57
Which of the following is not related to the effect of insulin?
absorption of glucose into brain tissue
58
Steroid nature hormones are :
estrogens, androgens, progestins
59
What is nucleoside?
It is compound of nitrogen base with pentose
60
Nicotinic acid is a cofactor:
NAD and NADP
61
How can enzymes be categorized into classes?
based on the type of reactions catalyzed by an enzyme
62
Which of the following bonds are formed in a primary structure of protein?
peptide bonds
63
Which proteins contain copper?
cytochrome oxidase, ceruroplasmin
64
Esterases, lypases, nucleases belong to
hydrolases
65
Carnosine and anserine are composed of
β-alanine and histidine
66
Which bonds are cleaved by proteases?
peptide bonds
67
Ligases:
catalyze synthesis reactions and use ATP
68
Which oligosaccharide does not have reducing properties?
sucrose
69
Show the correct row with the components of nucleotides.
pentose, nitrogen base, residue of phosphoric acid
70
The patient complains of losing the ability to see things when it gets dark, besides, skin peeling, conjunctivitis and xerophthalmia are observed. What is the cause of this pathology?
hypovitaminosis of vitamin A
71
Show correct sequence in II chain of DNA molecule, if the sequence of monomers in I chain is T-C-G-A-G-G-A-C-A
A-G-C-T-C-C-T-G-T
72
Choose the row of amino acids containing a hydroxyl group.
serine, threonine
73
What is the effect of catecholamines on lipid metabolism?
They activate tissue lipase and the release of fat from storage
74
Which of the following is not typical for the effect of cortisol?
decrease in blood glucose level
75
Which substance dilates the vessels and increases the permeability of the vascular wall?
bradykinin
76
Vitamin E:
is redox vitamin
77
Another name for phosphatidylcholine is:
lecithins
78
Which of the following belongs to ligases?
carboxylases
79
Show the biological role of vitamin PP.
it participates in tissue respiration
80
N-terminal amino acid can be determined with:
Sanger method
81
Phospholipids are divided into:
glycerophospholipids and sphingophospholipids
82
Which oligosaccharide is composed of glucose and galactose molecules?
lactose
83
Which hormone is synthesized in the pineal gland?
melatonin
84
Show the sequence of metabolites involved in the synthesis of adrenaline.
tyrosine, DOPA, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline
85
Which of the following belongs to lyases?
decarboxylases
86
What is provitamin?
precursor of vitamins
87
Which hormone facilitates glycogen synthesis?
insulin
88
Which carbohydrates have fructose in structure?
sucrose, inulin
89
Loss of appetite, hyperkeratosis, eye inflammation, hair loss, decreased immunity occurred in the patient during long-term intake of fish oil. What is the reason for this pathology?
Hypervitaminosis of vitamin A
90
Enzymes increase the speed of reaction because:
they decrease the energy of activation of the chemical reaction
91
Choose saturated fatty acids.
butyric acid and palmitic acid
92
Which type of bonds participates in the formation of primary structure of nucleic acids?
3’,5’-phosphodiester
93
Which coenzymes include vitamin B6?
PALP and PAMP
94
What is the chemical nature of the endogenous factor of vitamin B12?
glycoprotein
95
Which changes occur in protein at the isoelectric point?
its solubility decreases
96
Which protein predominantly contains glycine, proline and hydroxyproline amino acids?
collagen
97
Which statement is not typical for cellulose?
it is energy source
98
Interferon is :
glycoprotein
99
Which is complex protein ?
vitin