biyokimya ets final

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Final product of hydrolysis of proteins is :

amino acids

Which is complex protein ?

vitin

Which of the following bonds are formed in a primary structure of protein?

peptide bonds

Carnosine and anserine are composed of

β-alanine and histidine

Interferon is :

glycoprotein

C-terminal amino acid can be determined with:

carboxypeptidase

N-terminal amino acid can be determined with:

Sanger method

Which substance dilates the vessels and increases the permeability of the vascular wall?

bradykinin

Choose the row of amino acids containing a hydroxyl group.

serine, threonine

To which amino acids does the phosphoric acid residue bind in the molecule of phosphoproteins?

ser, thr

Which changes occur in protein at the isoelectric point?

its solubility decreases

Which proteins contain copper?

cytochrome oxidase, ceruroplasmin

Which amino acid constitutes 1/3 part of collagen?

glycine

Which protein predominantly contains glycine, proline and hydroxyproline amino acids?

collagen

Property characteristic for serine amino acid:

is a hydrophilic and non-essential amino acid

Show correct sequence in II chain of DNA molecule, if the sequence of monomers in I chain is T-C-G-A-G-G-A-C-A

A-G-C-T-C-C-T-G-T

Which type of bonds participates in the formation of primary structure of nucleic acids?

3’,5’-phosphodiester

Show the correct row with the components of nucleotides.

pentose, nitrogen base, residue of phosphoric acid

What is nucleoside?

It is compound of nitrogen base with pentose

Which product is obtained on the complete hydrolysis of nucleic acids?

guanine

Which of the following is minor nucleoside?

pseudouridine

Which of the following bonds are formed in a secondary structure of protein?

hydrogen bonds

The activation of which enzyme causes autolysis of the pancreas in a patient whose urine diastasis index is 10 times higher than normal?

trypsin

Which of the following belongs to ligases?

carboxylases

Which of the following belongs to lyases?

decarboxylases

Which bonds are cleaved by proteases?

peptide bonds

According to the type of catalyzed reactions, enzymes are divided into:

oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases

How can enzymes be categorized into classes?

based on the type of reactions catalyzed by an enzyme

Enzymes increase the speed of reaction because:

they decrease the energy of activation of the chemical reaction

Which enzymes include FAD?

xanthin oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase

Ligases:

catalyze synthesis reactions and use ATP

Show the types of dehydrogenases:

reductases, oxidases, oxygenases, peroxidases

Esterases, lypases, nucleases belong to

hydrolases

What type of reactions do kinases catalyze?

phosphorylation

Functional groups of which amino acids in enzymes can participate in the catalysis?

lysine, tryptophan, cysteine, phenylalanine, histidine

Show coenzymes of nucleotide and peptide nature.

CDP-choline, UDP-glucose, glutathione

Where does a competitive inhibitor bind?

to the active site

Which coenzymes include vitamin B2?

FMN and FAD

Loss of appetite, hyperkeratosis, eye inflammation, hair loss, decreased immunity occurred in the patient during long-term intake of fish oil. What is the reason for this pathology?

Hypervitaminosis of vitamin A

The patient complains of losing the ability to see things when it gets dark, besides, skin peeling, conjunctivitis and xerophthalmia are observed. What is the cause of this pathology?

hypovitaminosis of vitamin A

Manifestations of vitamin K hypovitaminosis are:

subcutaneous hemorrhages

Show the coenzyme function of vitamin B1:

it is included in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Show the biological role of vitamin PP.

it participates in tissue respiration

Which of the following is related to anti-vitamins?

avidin, dicoumarol, sulfonamides

The patient complains of weakness and heart pain. In addition, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the tongue and lips, keratosis, vascularization of the cornea were found. Hypo- or hypervitaminosis of which vitamin causes these changes?

hypovitaminosis of vitamin B2

Which coenzymes include vitamin B6?

PALP and PAMP

A tuberculosis patient has taken isoniazid for a long time. Soon he started to expereince skin peeling and hair loss. What could be the reason for these changes?

Hypovitaminosis of vitamin B6 occurred

What is the chemical nature of the endogenous factor of vitamin B12?

glycoprotein

Which vitamin may be deficient in a patient with complaints such as weakness, shortness of breath, heart pain, petechial hemorrhages, bleeding gums?

vitamin C

Function of vitamin B6 :

it participates in the metabolism of amino acids

Which hormone is synthesized from cholesterol?

calcitriol

Vitamin B6 is coenzyme:

decarboxylases and amino transferases

The coenzyme of vitamin B9 is:

THFA

Nicotinic acid is a cofactor:

NAD and NADP

Which vitamin is involved in blood clotting and what is the mechanism of action?

vitamin K, activation of coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X

What is provitamin?

precursor of vitamins

Coenzyme form of vitamin B12 is?

5-DOAC

Vitamin A:

is antixerophthalmic

Vitamin E:

is redox vitamin

The speed of the enzymatic reaction increases: 1) During the decrease in temperature 2) During the increase in the amount of enzymes 3) During enzyme denaturation 4) During coenzyme deficiency 5) When adding the specific activator

2,5

Determine the compliance.

1-c,d; 2-b,c; 3-c; 4-a

Which vitamin is needed for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine in procollagen?

ascorbic acid

Which pair of vitamins contain a sulphur atom?

thiamine and biotin

Antivitamins:

reduce the effect of vitamins

Which coenzyme (I) and its vitamin-precursor (II) participate in the reaction of transfer of amino group from amino acid to keto acid?

I-pyridoxal phospate; II-B6

Which of the following is not related to the hormones of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

antidiuretic hormone

Which of the following metabolic processes cannot be accelerated by insulin hormone?

lipolysis

Which of the following processes is not typical for the action of insulin in the liver?

protein synthesis decreases

Which hormone acts on G-protein-coupled receptors? 1) adrenalin 2) noradrenalin 3) tryiodtironin 4)hydrocortisol 5)glucagon

1,2,5

Which hormone is synthesized in the hypothalamus and is transported with neurophysin in the neurohypophysis?

oxytocin

Which of the following is not typical for the effect of cortisol?

decrease in blood glucose level

Which of the following is not related to the effect of insulin?

absorption of glucose into brain tissue

Which hormone is synthesized in the pineal gland?

melatonin

Show the neurohypophysis hormone.

vasopressin

Show the biological role of thyrotropine .

It provides synthesis of tri- and tetraiodothyronine

Which hormone facilitates glycogen synthesis?

insulin

How is the condition of a patient with hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria, hypertension explained?

with a increase in the synthesis of glucocorticoids

What is the effect of catecholamines on lipid metabolism?

They activate tissue lipase and the release of fat from storage

Calmodulin is:

an intracellular Ca-binding protein

Show "second messengers" which participate in hormonal signal transduction. 1) cAMP 2) Calmodulin 3) cGMP 4) Ca2+ 5) G-protein

1,3,4

Parathormone affects the metabolism of the following elements:

calcium and phosphorus

Steroid nature hormones are :

estrogens, androgens, progestins

The adenylate cyclase system includes enzymes:

adenylate cyclase, protein kinase A, phosphodiesterase

Which of the following belong to the hormones of the digestive system?

gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin

Show the sequence of metabolites involved in the synthesis of adrenaline.

tyrosine, DOPA, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline

Phospholipids are divided into:

glycerophospholipids and sphingophospholipids

Which function is characteristic for triacylglycerol?

it is reserve energy source

Another name for phosphatidylcholine is:

lecithins

Cholesterol is precursor of:

bile acids, vitamin D, sex hormones

Which of the following are fatty acids?

palmitic and oleic acids

Glycolipids are divided into:

cerebrosides and gangliosides

Choose saturated fatty acids.

butyric acid and palmitic acid

Components of gangliosides are:

sphingosine, fatty acids, oligosaccharides

Show homopolysaccharides.

starch, inulin, chitin

Which carbohydrates have fructose in structure?

sucrose, inulin

Which oligosaccharide does not have reducing properties?

sucrose

Which oligosaccharide is composed of glucose and galactose molecules?

lactose

Which statement is not typical for cellulose?

it is energy source

Heparin is

heteropolysaccharides

100

Моnomers of starch and inulin are:

α-glucose, β-fructose

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