Module 2 Part 3

85問 • 1年前

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通報

問題一覧

Vitamin precrursor for the formation a co-enzyme that can accept 1 electron at a time?

Vit B2

Vitamin precrursor for the formation a co-enzyme that can accept 2 electrons

Vit B3

Co-enzymes for RedOx

NAD, FAD

Vitamin precursor for the formation a co-enzyme PLP (Pyridoxal Phosphate)

Vit B6

Co-enzyme for Transamination

Pyridoxal Phosphate

Co-enzyme for Carboxylation reaction

Biotin

Hydrolyzes bacterial cell walls

Lysozyme

RAPID inter-conversion of carbon dioxide and water into H2CO3 acid, protons and bicarbonate ion

Carbonic Anhydrase

Reversible conversion of Lactic acid and Pyruvate

Lactate Dehydrogenase

Adds P groups to molecules

Kinase

Most important buffer system of the blood

Carbonic acid-Bicarbobate System

Condensation of Oxaloacetate and Acetyl coA to yield Citrate

Citrate Synthase

Carboxylation of Pyruvate to give Oxaloacetate

Carbonic Anhydrase

Oxidoreductases

RedOx

Transferases

INTERmolecular Group Transfer (move chemical groups)

Hydrolases

Hydrolytic reaction (transfer of functional groups to water)

Lyases

Non-hydrolytic cleavage of bonds

Isomerases

INTRAmolecular group transfer

Ligases

Synthesis of new covalent bond between substrate, using ATP hydrolysis

1. Lactate Dehydrogenase 2. Dihydrofolate Reductase

Oxidoreductases

1. Creatinine kinase 2. Hexokinase 3. NMK

Transferases

1. Chymotrypsim 2. Lysozyme 3. RNAse A

Hydrolases

1. Fumarase 2 . Enolsase

Lyases

1. Tripose Phosphate Isomerase 2. Methymalonyl coa Mutass

Isomerases

1. Citrate synthase 2. Pyruvate carboxylase

Ligases

to promote a reaction that is almost immeasurably slow at neutral pH in the absence of a catalyst.

Chymotrypsin

hydration of carbon dioxide; one of the fastest enzymes known

Carbonic Anhydrase

achieve a high degree of specificity cleave DNA at defined position

Restriction Endonuclease

transfer a phosphoryl group from ATP to a nucleotide and not to water mechanical energy of contracting muscles

Myosins

Serine Protease

Chymotrypsin

Which of the following enzymes is important for the control of infections because it hydrolyzes bacterial cell walls?

Lysozyme

Enzymes employ different catalytic strategies while performing their roles. Which of the following is the strategy of RESTRICTION endonucleases?

Attainment of a high degree of specificity

Fumarase is an example of:

Lyase

Enzymes employ different catalytic strategies while performing their roles. Which of the following is the strategy of CARBONIC anhydrase?

Achievement of a high absolute rate of reaction that is suitable for integration with other physiological processes.

Zymogens are inactive forms of enzymes. The zymogen of the enzyme trypsin is _______________.

Trypsinogen

Classify nucleoside monophosphate kinase

Transferase

Enzyme inhibitors are employed in medicine for the treatment of diseases. Identify the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that finds clinical application in the treatment of glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure.

Acetazolamide

The coenzyme of aminotransferases is:

Pyridoxal phosphate

Enzymes employ different catalytic strategies while performing their roles. Which of the following is the strategy of trypsin and chymotrypsin?

Promotion of a reaction that is immeasurably slow at neutral pH.

Enzymes employ different catalytic strategies while performing their roles. Which of the following is the strategy of myosin?

Utilization of the free energy associated with the hydrolysis of ATP.

Which is the catalytic site model where the substrate induces a conformational change to the enzyme?

Induced-fit Model

The Lineweaver- Burk plot below is typical for a substrate with what type of inhibitor?

Non-competitive

Complete the general enzyme reaction scheme: E+S <>ES >

E + P

Match the following

Identify the diagram that shows the actual body exposure to drug after the administration of a certain dose of the drug.

Match the following

It shows how an enzyme can cause kinetic rate enhancement of a reaction and explains how reaction rates depend on the concentration of enzyme and substrate

Match the following

Michaelis- Menten Kinetics

Match the following

It demonstrates enzyme cooperativity. The curve results from cooperation between subunits. The binding of a substrate to one active site in a molecule increase the likelihood that the substrate will bind to other active sites.

Match the following

Raoult’s Law

Which Amino Acids are coded with single codon

Met, Trp

This polymer of ribonucleotides is responsible for transcribing the complementary DNA message

mRNA

Identify the stage in protein synthesis when the anticodon of tRNA recognizes the codon on mRNA.

Elongation

Which of the following are complementary base pairs in DNA?

Adenine- Thymine, Cytosine—Guanine

What is the complementary sequence for this DNA segment: CATCAA

GTAGTT

One of the causes of this genetic condition is the absence of adenosine deaminase, an enzyme in the purine degradation pathway

Severe combined immunodeficiency

DNA polymerase plays an important role in _______________.

Elongation

Select the sequence of the mRNA segment synthesized from this DNA template strand: ---CTCCGCCCGACG-----

GAGGCGGGCUGC

Folates are important precursors of DNA nucleotides. During pregnancy, supplements containing folates must be taken to prevent:

Neural tube defects

Pick the one that does not belong to the group.

Telomeres

A disease that is associated with an excessive accumulation of urate.

Gout

The start codon AUG codes for what amino acid?

Methionine

Select the statements the best describes DNA molecules I. DNA is deoxyribose acid composed of two chains that coil around each other to form a single helix carrying genetic instructions II. The four base in DNA that are responsible for encoding genetic information are thymine, adenine, cytosine and uracil. III. In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine with guanine IV. DNA replication occurs in all living organisms. V. The keto tautomers of purines and pyrimidines form the base-to-base H-bonds that are important for base pairing

III, IV, V

Select the statements that best characterize RNA molecules I. RNA naturally occurs as a duplex of two separate strands II. The secondary structure of tRNA molecules resemble a clover leaf. III. The base pairs in RNA molecules are adenine and thymine, uracil and cytosine IV. RNA is a ribonucleotide V. RNA is synthesized from DNA by an enzyme RNA polymerase during transcription.

II, IV, V

Which statements best describe DNA replication? I. The first step in DNA replication is the “unzipping” of the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. II. DNA polymerases are enzymes that synthesize a DNA polymer III. A polymerase adds nucleotides to an existing strand IV. A topoisomerase cuts and rejoins the helix V. A helicase joins the two separate strands

I, II, III, IV

Select the statements that best describe protein synthesis. I. Proteins are synthesized stepwise by the polymerization of amino acids in a unidirectional manner, beginning at the C-terminus and ending at the N-terminus II. The mRNA provides the instruction for the synthesis of a specific protein. III. The information encoded in mRNA is translated by tRNA molecules that bind to the mRNA at one end and carry specific amino acids at the other end. IV. The synthesis of the growing polypeptide is carried out on toposomes that RNA and associated proteins.

II, III

Which statements best describes nucleosides? I. Nucleoside consists of nuclelobase and a five-carbon sugar II. Nucleosides are precursors for nucleic acid synthesis. III. Nucleosides and nucleoside analogs are used in antiviral and anticancer drug therapy IV. Nucleosides are composed of nucleobases covalently attached to a 5-carbon sugar V. The nucleobases of nucleosides are non-aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing N.

I, II, III, IV

Vitamin that is an antioxidant and tocopherol mixture

Vit E

It is made by gut bacteria. Serves as a co-factor in carboxylation reactions

Vit B7

Co-factor in numerous biochemical index reactions, where its ability to accept and donate electrons one at a time is valuable

Vit B2 / Riboflavin

Required for the clotting of blood

Vit K

Retinol, Retinal, Retinoic acid are the 3 forms of the vitamin. Retinal serves as an important co-factor for the protein rhodopsin, a visual pigment in rod cells

Vit A

Deficiency may lead to Beri-beri and Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome-

Vit B1

Green Leafy Vegetables (K1) + Warfarin

Antagonism

Sunshine Vitamin

Vit D

Vitamin needed for the absorption of Ca

Vit D

Vitamin needed for the absorption of Fe

Vit C

Vitamin needed for the absorption of Se

Vit E

deficient mineralization at the cartilage of growth plates in children

Ricketsia

bone softening in adults

Osteomalacia

The coenzyme that is required for transamination, a reaction catalyzed by aminotransferases.

Pyridoxal phosphate

Select the vitamin that requires bile salts and dietary lipids for its efficient absorption from the intestinal tract.

Vit A

Evaluate which compound is converted to cholecalciferol

7-dehydrocholesterol

A neuropsychiatric disorder that arises from lack of thiamine In the diet, poor absorption of thiamine from the gut, or poor storage of thiamine in the live.

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrom

is made by gut bacteria. Serves as a co-factor in carboxylation reactions

Biotin

Also known Koshland Theory

Induced Fit theory

Receptor is flexible (undergoes conformational change).

Induced Fit theory

Module 2 Part 1

Module 2 Part 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 2

Module 2

Antibiotics

Antibiotics

Module 2 Part 2

Module 2 Part 2

Module 2 (Part 2)

Module 2 (Part 2)

Module 4

Module 4

Module 4 Part 2

Module 4 Part 2

Module 4 Part 3

Module 4 Part 3

Module 2 (Part 4)

Module 2 (Part 4)

Randome Questions

Randome Questions

Module 2 (Part 5)

Module 2 (Part 5)

Module 2 (Part 6)

Module 2 (Part 6)

Module 4 Part 1

Module 4 Part 1

BCS

BCS

Routes of Administration

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Routes of Administration

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics

Enzyme Inducers and Enzyme Inhibitors

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Enzyme Inducers and Enzyme Inhibitors

25問 • 1年前

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Metabolism and Excretion

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Metabolism and Excretion

PHARMACODYNAMICS

PHARMACODYNAMICS

Ramdom

Ramdom

A. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Drugs

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A. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Drugs

Module 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 2

Module 2

Module 3

Module 3

Module 2

Module 2

Module 3

Module 3

Module 3 Rationales

Module 3 Rationales

Terms

Terms

Module 3 Rationales

Module 3 Rationales

Excipients

Excipients

Module 4

Module 4

Flavors,Sweeteners, and Colors

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Flavors,Sweeteners, and Colors

Module 5

Module 5

Anti Glaucoma

Anti Glaucoma

B. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Blockers — Anti Cholinergic Agents

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B. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Blockers — Anti Cholinergic Agents

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C. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs

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C. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs

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D. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) BLOCKERS

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D. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) BLOCKERS

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E. Nicotinic Receptor Blockers

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E. Nicotinic Receptor Blockers

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F. Central Muscle Relaxants (or Spasmolytic agents)

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F. Central Muscle Relaxants (or Spasmolytic agents)

Rationale Quiz 1.0

Rationale Quiz 1.0

A. Anxiolytic Agents

A. Anxiolytic Agents

B.1 Drugs for Depression

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B.1 Drugs for Depression

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B.2 Drugs for Mania / Bipolar Disorder

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B.2 Drugs for Mania / Bipolar Disorder

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C. Drugs for Psychoses - Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics

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C. Drugs for Psychoses - Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics

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D. Drugs for Seizure Disorders

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D. Drugs for Seizure Disorders

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E. General Anesthetics

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E. General Anesthetics

32問 • 1年前

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G. Anti-Parkinson Drugs

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G. Anti-Parkinson Drugs

26問 • 1年前

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H. Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease

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H. Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease

Rationale Quiz 2

Rationale Quiz 2

1. Diuretics

1. Diuretics

2. Angiotensin Blockers

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2. Angiotensin Blockers

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3 and 4. CCBs: Non-dihydropyridines and Vasodilators

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3 and 4. CCBs: Non-dihydropyridines and Vasodilators

Module 2

Module 2

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics

Drug Classes

Drug Classes

MOA

MOA

5. Sympatholytics

5. Sympatholytics

B. Drugs for Heart Failure

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B. Drugs for Heart Failure

6問 • 1年前

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C. Drugs for Arrhythmia

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C. Drugs for Arrhythmia

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D. Drugs for Hyperlipidemia

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D. Drugs for Hyperlipidemia

E. Angina Pectoris

E. Angina Pectoris

F. Thrombotic Disorders

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F. Thrombotic Disorders

Antidotes

Antidotes

Deficiencies

Deficiencies

A. Growth Hormones

A. Growth Hormones

B. Adrenal Steroids

B. Adrenal Steroids

C. GnRH, FSH & LH & Sex Hormones

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C. GnRH, FSH & LH & Sex Hormones

D. Thyroid Hormones

D. Thyroid Hormones

E. Diabetes Mellitus

E. Diabetes Mellitus

F. Drugs for osteoporosis

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F. Drugs for osteoporosis

Rationale Quiz

Rationale Quiz

A. Asthma

A. Asthma

B. Allergic Rhinitis

B. Allergic Rhinitis

問題一覧

Vitamin precrursor for the formation a co-enzyme that can accept 1 electron at a time?

Vit B2

Vitamin precrursor for the formation a co-enzyme that can accept 2 electrons

Vit B3

Co-enzymes for RedOx

NAD, FAD

Vitamin precursor for the formation a co-enzyme PLP (Pyridoxal Phosphate)

Vit B6

Co-enzyme for Transamination

Pyridoxal Phosphate

Co-enzyme for Carboxylation reaction

Biotin

Hydrolyzes bacterial cell walls

Lysozyme

RAPID inter-conversion of carbon dioxide and water into H2CO3 acid, protons and bicarbonate ion

Carbonic Anhydrase

Reversible conversion of Lactic acid and Pyruvate

Lactate Dehydrogenase

Adds P groups to molecules

Kinase

Most important buffer system of the blood

Carbonic acid-Bicarbobate System

Condensation of Oxaloacetate and Acetyl coA to yield Citrate

Citrate Synthase

Carboxylation of Pyruvate to give Oxaloacetate

Carbonic Anhydrase

Oxidoreductases

RedOx

Transferases

INTERmolecular Group Transfer (move chemical groups)

Hydrolases

Hydrolytic reaction (transfer of functional groups to water)

Lyases

Non-hydrolytic cleavage of bonds

Isomerases

INTRAmolecular group transfer

Ligases

Synthesis of new covalent bond between substrate, using ATP hydrolysis

1. Lactate Dehydrogenase 2. Dihydrofolate Reductase

Oxidoreductases

1. Creatinine kinase 2. Hexokinase 3. NMK

Transferases

1. Chymotrypsim 2. Lysozyme 3. RNAse A

Hydrolases

1. Fumarase 2 . Enolsase

Lyases

1. Tripose Phosphate Isomerase 2. Methymalonyl coa Mutass

Isomerases

1. Citrate synthase 2. Pyruvate carboxylase

Ligases

to promote a reaction that is almost immeasurably slow at neutral pH in the absence of a catalyst.

Chymotrypsin

hydration of carbon dioxide; one of the fastest enzymes known

Carbonic Anhydrase

achieve a high degree of specificity cleave DNA at defined position

Restriction Endonuclease

transfer a phosphoryl group from ATP to a nucleotide and not to water mechanical energy of contracting muscles

Myosins

Serine Protease

Chymotrypsin

Which of the following enzymes is important for the control of infections because it hydrolyzes bacterial cell walls?

Lysozyme

Enzymes employ different catalytic strategies while performing their roles. Which of the following is the strategy of RESTRICTION endonucleases?

Attainment of a high degree of specificity

Fumarase is an example of:

Lyase

Enzymes employ different catalytic strategies while performing their roles. Which of the following is the strategy of CARBONIC anhydrase?

Achievement of a high absolute rate of reaction that is suitable for integration with other physiological processes.

Zymogens are inactive forms of enzymes. The zymogen of the enzyme trypsin is _______________.

Trypsinogen

Classify nucleoside monophosphate kinase

Transferase

Acetazolamide

The coenzyme of aminotransferases is:

Pyridoxal phosphate

Enzymes employ different catalytic strategies while performing their roles. Which of the following is the strategy of trypsin and chymotrypsin?

Promotion of a reaction that is immeasurably slow at neutral pH.

Enzymes employ different catalytic strategies while performing their roles. Which of the following is the strategy of myosin?

Utilization of the free energy associated with the hydrolysis of ATP.

Which is the catalytic site model where the substrate induces a conformational change to the enzyme?

Induced-fit Model

The Lineweaver- Burk plot below is typical for a substrate with what type of inhibitor?

Non-competitive

Complete the general enzyme reaction scheme: E+S <>ES >

E + P

Match the following

Identify the diagram that shows the actual body exposure to drug after the administration of a certain dose of the drug.

Match the following

It shows how an enzyme can cause kinetic rate enhancement of a reaction and explains how reaction rates depend on the concentration of enzyme and substrate

Match the following

Michaelis- Menten Kinetics

Match the following

Raoult’s Law

Which Amino Acids are coded with single codon

Met, Trp

This polymer of ribonucleotides is responsible for transcribing the complementary DNA message

mRNA

Identify the stage in protein synthesis when the anticodon of tRNA recognizes the codon on mRNA.

Elongation

Which of the following are complementary base pairs in DNA?

Adenine- Thymine, Cytosine—Guanine

What is the complementary sequence for this DNA segment: CATCAA

GTAGTT

One of the causes of this genetic condition is the absence of adenosine deaminase, an enzyme in the purine degradation pathway

Severe combined immunodeficiency

DNA polymerase plays an important role in _______________.

Elongation

Select the sequence of the mRNA segment synthesized from this DNA template strand: ---CTCCGCCCGACG-----

GAGGCGGGCUGC

Folates are important precursors of DNA nucleotides. During pregnancy, supplements containing folates must be taken to prevent:

Neural tube defects

Pick the one that does not belong to the group.

Telomeres

A disease that is associated with an excessive accumulation of urate.

Gout

The start codon AUG codes for what amino acid?

Methionine

III, IV, V

II, IV, V

I, II, III, IV

II, III

I, II, III, IV

Vitamin that is an antioxidant and tocopherol mixture

Vit E

It is made by gut bacteria. Serves as a co-factor in carboxylation reactions

Vit B7

Co-factor in numerous biochemical index reactions, where its ability to accept and donate electrons one at a time is valuable

Vit B2 / Riboflavin

Required for the clotting of blood

Vit K

Retinol, Retinal, Retinoic acid are the 3 forms of the vitamin. Retinal serves as an important co-factor for the protein rhodopsin, a visual pigment in rod cells

Vit A

Deficiency may lead to Beri-beri and Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome-

Vit B1

Green Leafy Vegetables (K1) + Warfarin

Antagonism

Sunshine Vitamin

Vit D

Vitamin needed for the absorption of Ca

Vit D

Vitamin needed for the absorption of Fe

Vit C

Vitamin needed for the absorption of Se

Vit E

deficient mineralization at the cartilage of growth plates in children

Ricketsia

bone softening in adults

Osteomalacia

The coenzyme that is required for transamination, a reaction catalyzed by aminotransferases.

Pyridoxal phosphate

Select the vitamin that requires bile salts and dietary lipids for its efficient absorption from the intestinal tract.

Vit A

Evaluate which compound is converted to cholecalciferol

7-dehydrocholesterol

A neuropsychiatric disorder that arises from lack of thiamine In the diet, poor absorption of thiamine from the gut, or poor storage of thiamine in the live.

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrom

is made by gut bacteria. Serves as a co-factor in carboxylation reactions

Biotin

Also known Koshland Theory

Induced Fit theory

Receptor is flexible (undergoes conformational change).

Induced Fit theory