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100問 • 1年前
  • ユーザ名非公開
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    This organelle is found close to the endoplasmic reticulum and receives and acts on proteins and membrane lipids to further modify them.

    Golgi apparatus

  • 2

    These are digestive vesicles containing enzymes that degrade proteins and nucleic acids.

    Lysosomes

  • 3

    Which of the following statements best characterize the cell membrane? I. Glycolipids are the major class of membrane lipids. II. Membrane potential plays a vital role in transport, energy conversion, and excitability. III. The two faces of biological membranes are always the same. IV. Membrane lipids spontaneously form closed bimolecular sheets in aqueous media that form barriers to the flow of polar molecules.

    II, IV

  • 4

    Cellobiose

    Disaccharide

  • 5

    D-altrose and D-glucose

    Diastereomers

  • 6

    They hold large quantities of water and occupy space, thus cushioning or lubricating other structures.

    Glycosaminoglycans

  • 7

    Which of the following GAGs can be found in the synovial fluid?

    Hyaluronic acid

  • 8

    Test for pentoses

    Bial’s

  • 9

    Test for monosaccharides

    Barfoed’s

  • 10

    Which of the following hormones causes a decrease in blood glucose levels?

    Insulin

  • 11

    What is the indication of benzyl sulfonyl urea drugs?

    Antidiabetic

  • 12

    Prostaglandins are also known as ____________.

    Eicosanoids

  • 13

    These are essential fatty acids in humans.

    Alpha-linolenic acid and Linoleic acid

  • 14

    Which of the following are functions of lipids? I. Body heat II. Nutrient storage III. Protection of organs

    I, II, III

  • 15

    Aspartate and Glutamate

    Acidic

  • 16

    Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, and Tyrosine

    Aromatic

  • 17

    This is the simplest amino acid.

    Glycine

  • 18

    Which of the following amino acids is involved in heme production?

    Glycine

  • 19

    All of the following amino acids undergo transamination, except: I. Alanine II. Lysine III. Glycine IV. Proline

    II, IV

  • 20

    Hemoglobin

    Transport

  • 21

    Fibrinogen

    Protective

  • 22

    Collagen

    Structural

  • 23

    Casein

    Storage

  • 24

    Albumin

    Storage

  • 25

    Cofactor that is tightly bound to the apoenzyme

    Prosthetic group

  • 26

    Which of the following is an example of a prosthetic group bound to an apoenzyme?

    Heme

  • 27

    Complete the general enzyme reaction scheme: E + S ⇆ ES → ___

    E + P

  • 28

    This states that the receptor is always in the state of equilibrium between active and inactive states.

    Activation–Aggregation Theory

  • 29

    The Lineweaver-Burke plot below is typical for a substrate with what type of inhibitor?

    Noncompetitive

  • 30

    Kinase

    Transferase

  • 31

    Fumarase

    Lyase

  • 32

    Nucleoside monophosphate kinase

    Transferase

  • 33

    Trypsin

    Promote a reaction that is almost immeasurably slow at neutral pH

  • 34

    Restriction endonuclease

    Attain a very high level of specificity

  • 35

    Nucleoside monophosphate kinase

    Transfer a phosphoryl group from ATP to a nucleotide

  • 36

    Carbonic anhydrase

    Achieve a high absolute rate of reaction

  • 37

    Which of the following is the cofactor of carbonic anhydrase?

    Zinc

  • 38

    Which of the following is the distinguishing feature between nucleosides and nucleotides?

    Phosphate group

  • 39

    A thread-like structure in the nucleus that carries the genetic material

    Chromosome

  • 40

    What is the mechanism involved in the regulation of DNA replication and synthesis of mRNA?

    Compartmentalization

  • 41

    Where does glycolysis occur?

    Cytosol

  • 42

    Which of the following is incorrect about glycolysis?

    The second part of glycolysis splits the six-carbon molecule into three two- carbon fragments.

  • 43

    Which of the following steps in glycolysis does not consume ATP?

    Phosphoenolpyruvate → Pyruvate

  • 44

    Which of the following hormones inhibit glycogenolysis? I. Insulin II. Glucagon III. Epinephrine

    I only

  • 45

    Precursors of gluconeogenesis

    Glycerol, lactate, pyruvate, glucogenic amino acids

  • 46

    Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

    Pyruvate carboxylase

  • 47

    Products of Krebs Cycle

    3 NADH, 1 FADH2 and 1 GTP

  • 48

    This pathological condition results from the absence of adenosine deaminase, an enzyme in the purine degradation pathway.

    Severe combined immunodeficiency

  • 49

    These are vegetable or animal drugs that consist of natural substances that have undergone only the processes of collection and drying.

    Crude drugs

  • 50

    Gibberellins

    Stem elongation

  • 51

    This sugar is used as a diagnostic aid for malabsorption.

    Xylose

  • 52

    Commercial source of dextrose

    Acer saccharum

  • 53

    Which of the following correctly describes starch?

    Starch is composed of only glucose units.

  • 54

    Which of the following correctly differentiates amylose and amylopectin?

    Amylose is linear, while Amylopectin is branched.

  • 55

    Which of the following is a microbial gum?

    Xanthan

  • 56

    What is the MOA of Plantago seed as a laxative?

    Swelling of the mucilaginous seed coat, giving bulk and lubrication

  • 57

    Which of the following pertains to the non- sugar component of glycosides?

    Both Genin and Aglycone

  • 58

    An ingredient found in slimming drinks that causes diarrhea

    Cassia acutifolia

  • 59

    Which of the following best describes vanillin?

    It has an aldehydic aglycone.

  • 60

    A glycosidic vitamin that claims to have anticancer properties

    Laetrile

  • 61

    What is the toxic substance found in apricot pits?

    Amygdalin

  • 62

    What are the products of glycyrrhizin hydrolysis?

    Glycyrrhetic acid and glucuronic acid

  • 63

    How does glycyrrhizin lose its sweet taste?

    Upon hydrolysis to glycyrrhetic acid and glucuronic acid

  • 64

    Hydrolyzable tannins

    Yield phenolic acids and sugar upon hydrolysis

  • 65

    Identify the specialized secretory structures found in Pinus palustris and Citrus limon.

    Lysigenous or schizogenous passages

  • 66

    Which of the following oils can be obtained from the extraction and distillation of wood?

    Pine oil

  • 67

    Composed of 3 isoprene units

    Sesquiterpenes

  • 68

    Lavender oil and Oil of Wintergreen

    Esters

  • 69

    These are esters of fatty acids and alcohols

    Lipids

  • 70

    Salts of fatty acids

    Soaps

  • 71

    These are amorphous products with a complex chemical nature that are believed to be oxidation products of terpenes.

    Resins

  • 72

    This alkaloidal test reagent makes use of potassium mercuric iodide.

    Mayer’s

  • 73

    Which of the following statements are true about the biosynthesis of hyoscyamine? I. Feeding studies with labeled ornithine have shown that this is incorporated stereospecifically to form the pyrrolidine ring of tropine. II. Tyrosine is the precursor of tropic acid. III. Esterification of tropic acid with tropine produces hyoscyamine. IV. Hyoscyamine is dextrorotatory

    I, III

  • 74

    Choose the odd one out.

    Nicotine

  • 75

    Choose the odd one out.

    Ergotamine

  • 76

    The most important opium alkaloid

    Morphine

  • 77

    What is the source of Thebaine?

    Papaver bracteatum

  • 78

    Cocaine is chemically the _________.

    Methyl ester of benzoylecgonine

  • 79

    Arrange the following steps by which Claviceps purpurea infects the plants: I. Some of the hyphal strands produce asexual spores, known as conidiospores, which become suspended in a viscous, sugary liquid, known as honeydew. II. Insects are attracted to this honeydew and carry it and the spores to other host plants, where the process is repeated. III. Spores come in contact with the ovary of a grass, frequently rye, where it germinates, forming hyphal strands that penetrate into the host tissue. IV. The hyphae eventually form a mass of tissue known as a mycelium, which supplants the ovary. V. Honeydew is secreted by the mycelium.

    III-IV-I-V-II

  • 80

    Which of the following is the least stable vitamin?

    Vitamin C

  • 81

    What substance can be found in the plasma of patients who recovered from COVID-19?

    Antibodies

  • 82

    What is the herbal medicine traditionally used to treat dengue?

    Grammatophyllum scriptum

  • 83

    An herbal medicine for cough and cold

    Vitex negundo

  • 84

    Which of the following is used as an antidiabetic agent?

    Banaba

  • 85

    The consumption of this traditional herbal medicine would result in an additive effect when taken with OHAs.

    Momordica charantia

  • 86

    Cinchona belongs to which of the following families?

    Rubiaceae

  • 87

    Quinine belongs to which of the following families? A. Solanaceae C. Papaveraceae B. Rubiaceae D. Apocynaceae

    Rubiaceae

  • 88

    Which of the following refers to hemp?

    Marijuana

  • 89

    What is the MOA of Vinblastine as an antineoplastic agent

    Inhibits the assembly of tubulin

  • 90

    What is the MOA of Paclitaxel as an antineoplastic agent?

    Inhibits the disassembly of microtubules

  • 91

    Which of the following best characterize taxanes?

    They were originally identified from plants of the genus Taxus.

  • 92

    Arrange the following steps in curing vanilla. I. Upon developing the correct moisture level and aroma, the pods are laid in the open air, alternating between sun and shade, driving out moisture without overly drying the pods. II. The soaked pods are wrapped in woolen blankets in the day and packed in wool- covered boxes at night until the pods lose 70-80% of their original weight. III. The ripe vanilla pods are dipped into warm water for about 3 minutes. IV. The pods are then graded and tied into bundles stored and sealed in closed boxes (e.g., tin containers) for shipment. V. The fruits are collected as they ripen to a yellow color, 6 to 10 months after pollination.

    V-III-II-I-IV

  • 93

    The process of synthesis of glucose and other carbohydrate molecules from simple precursors

    Photosynthesis

  • 94

    Glycolysis: EMP pathway; Photosynthesis: __________

    Calvin cycle

  • 95

    Which of the following are products of the light reaction?

    ATP and NADPH

  • 96

    Site of the Calvin cycle

    Chloroplast

  • 97

    An important branching point intermediate in the shikimic acid pathway

    Chorismic acid

  • 98

    Determine the immediate precursor of phenylalanine

    Phenylpyruvic acid

  • 99

    Which of the following are synthesized via the Mevalonate pathway? I. Terpineol IV. Squalene II. Camphor V. Methylsalicylate III. Hyoscyamine

    I, II, IV

  • 100

    Which of the following are synthesized via the Shikimic acid pathway? I. Ergosterol IV. Prunasin II. Sitosterol V. Vanillin III. Morphine

    III, IV, V

    • Module 2 Part 1

    Module 2 Part 1

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    1

    1

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    1

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    2

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    This organelle is found close to the endoplasmic reticulum and receives and acts on proteins and membrane lipids to further modify them.

    Golgi apparatus

  • 2

    These are digestive vesicles containing enzymes that degrade proteins and nucleic acids.

    Lysosomes

  • 3

    Which of the following statements best characterize the cell membrane? I. Glycolipids are the major class of membrane lipids. II. Membrane potential plays a vital role in transport, energy conversion, and excitability. III. The two faces of biological membranes are always the same. IV. Membrane lipids spontaneously form closed bimolecular sheets in aqueous media that form barriers to the flow of polar molecules.

    II, IV

  • 4

    Cellobiose

    Disaccharide

  • 5

    D-altrose and D-glucose

    Diastereomers

  • 6

    They hold large quantities of water and occupy space, thus cushioning or lubricating other structures.

    Glycosaminoglycans

  • 7

    Which of the following GAGs can be found in the synovial fluid?

    Hyaluronic acid

  • 8

    Test for pentoses

    Bial’s

  • 9

    Test for monosaccharides

    Barfoed’s

  • 10

    Which of the following hormones causes a decrease in blood glucose levels?

    Insulin

  • 11

    What is the indication of benzyl sulfonyl urea drugs?

    Antidiabetic

  • 12

    Prostaglandins are also known as ____________.

    Eicosanoids

  • 13

    These are essential fatty acids in humans.

    Alpha-linolenic acid and Linoleic acid

  • 14

    Which of the following are functions of lipids? I. Body heat II. Nutrient storage III. Protection of organs

    I, II, III

  • 15

    Aspartate and Glutamate

    Acidic

  • 16

    Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, and Tyrosine

    Aromatic

  • 17

    This is the simplest amino acid.

    Glycine

  • 18

    Which of the following amino acids is involved in heme production?

    Glycine

  • 19

    All of the following amino acids undergo transamination, except: I. Alanine II. Lysine III. Glycine IV. Proline

    II, IV

  • 20

    Hemoglobin

    Transport

  • 21

    Fibrinogen

    Protective

  • 22

    Collagen

    Structural

  • 23

    Casein

    Storage

  • 24

    Albumin

    Storage

  • 25

    Cofactor that is tightly bound to the apoenzyme

    Prosthetic group

  • 26

    Which of the following is an example of a prosthetic group bound to an apoenzyme?

    Heme

  • 27

    Complete the general enzyme reaction scheme: E + S ⇆ ES → ___

    E + P

  • 28

    This states that the receptor is always in the state of equilibrium between active and inactive states.

    Activation–Aggregation Theory

  • 29

    The Lineweaver-Burke plot below is typical for a substrate with what type of inhibitor?

    Noncompetitive

  • 30

    Kinase

    Transferase

  • 31

    Fumarase

    Lyase

  • 32

    Nucleoside monophosphate kinase

    Transferase

  • 33

    Trypsin

    Promote a reaction that is almost immeasurably slow at neutral pH

  • 34

    Restriction endonuclease

    Attain a very high level of specificity

  • 35

    Nucleoside monophosphate kinase

    Transfer a phosphoryl group from ATP to a nucleotide

  • 36

    Carbonic anhydrase

    Achieve a high absolute rate of reaction

  • 37

    Which of the following is the cofactor of carbonic anhydrase?

    Zinc

  • 38

    Which of the following is the distinguishing feature between nucleosides and nucleotides?

    Phosphate group

  • 39

    A thread-like structure in the nucleus that carries the genetic material

    Chromosome

  • 40

    What is the mechanism involved in the regulation of DNA replication and synthesis of mRNA?

    Compartmentalization

  • 41

    Where does glycolysis occur?

    Cytosol

  • 42

    Which of the following is incorrect about glycolysis?

    The second part of glycolysis splits the six-carbon molecule into three two- carbon fragments.

  • 43

    Which of the following steps in glycolysis does not consume ATP?

    Phosphoenolpyruvate → Pyruvate

  • 44

    Which of the following hormones inhibit glycogenolysis? I. Insulin II. Glucagon III. Epinephrine

    I only

  • 45

    Precursors of gluconeogenesis

    Glycerol, lactate, pyruvate, glucogenic amino acids

  • 46

    Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

    Pyruvate carboxylase

  • 47

    Products of Krebs Cycle

    3 NADH, 1 FADH2 and 1 GTP

  • 48

    This pathological condition results from the absence of adenosine deaminase, an enzyme in the purine degradation pathway.

    Severe combined immunodeficiency

  • 49

    These are vegetable or animal drugs that consist of natural substances that have undergone only the processes of collection and drying.

    Crude drugs

  • 50

    Gibberellins

    Stem elongation

  • 51

    This sugar is used as a diagnostic aid for malabsorption.

    Xylose

  • 52

    Commercial source of dextrose

    Acer saccharum

  • 53

    Which of the following correctly describes starch?

    Starch is composed of only glucose units.

  • 54

    Which of the following correctly differentiates amylose and amylopectin?

    Amylose is linear, while Amylopectin is branched.

  • 55

    Which of the following is a microbial gum?

    Xanthan

  • 56

    What is the MOA of Plantago seed as a laxative?

    Swelling of the mucilaginous seed coat, giving bulk and lubrication

  • 57

    Which of the following pertains to the non- sugar component of glycosides?

    Both Genin and Aglycone

  • 58

    An ingredient found in slimming drinks that causes diarrhea

    Cassia acutifolia

  • 59

    Which of the following best describes vanillin?

    It has an aldehydic aglycone.

  • 60

    A glycosidic vitamin that claims to have anticancer properties

    Laetrile

  • 61

    What is the toxic substance found in apricot pits?

    Amygdalin

  • 62

    What are the products of glycyrrhizin hydrolysis?

    Glycyrrhetic acid and glucuronic acid

  • 63

    How does glycyrrhizin lose its sweet taste?

    Upon hydrolysis to glycyrrhetic acid and glucuronic acid

  • 64

    Hydrolyzable tannins

    Yield phenolic acids and sugar upon hydrolysis

  • 65

    Identify the specialized secretory structures found in Pinus palustris and Citrus limon.

    Lysigenous or schizogenous passages

  • 66

    Which of the following oils can be obtained from the extraction and distillation of wood?

    Pine oil

  • 67

    Composed of 3 isoprene units

    Sesquiterpenes

  • 68

    Lavender oil and Oil of Wintergreen

    Esters

  • 69

    These are esters of fatty acids and alcohols

    Lipids

  • 70

    Salts of fatty acids

    Soaps

  • 71

    These are amorphous products with a complex chemical nature that are believed to be oxidation products of terpenes.

    Resins

  • 72

    This alkaloidal test reagent makes use of potassium mercuric iodide.

    Mayer’s

  • 73

    Which of the following statements are true about the biosynthesis of hyoscyamine? I. Feeding studies with labeled ornithine have shown that this is incorporated stereospecifically to form the pyrrolidine ring of tropine. II. Tyrosine is the precursor of tropic acid. III. Esterification of tropic acid with tropine produces hyoscyamine. IV. Hyoscyamine is dextrorotatory

    I, III

  • 74

    Choose the odd one out.

    Nicotine

  • 75

    Choose the odd one out.

    Ergotamine

  • 76

    The most important opium alkaloid

    Morphine

  • 77

    What is the source of Thebaine?

    Papaver bracteatum

  • 78

    Cocaine is chemically the _________.

    Methyl ester of benzoylecgonine

  • 79

    Arrange the following steps by which Claviceps purpurea infects the plants: I. Some of the hyphal strands produce asexual spores, known as conidiospores, which become suspended in a viscous, sugary liquid, known as honeydew. II. Insects are attracted to this honeydew and carry it and the spores to other host plants, where the process is repeated. III. Spores come in contact with the ovary of a grass, frequently rye, where it germinates, forming hyphal strands that penetrate into the host tissue. IV. The hyphae eventually form a mass of tissue known as a mycelium, which supplants the ovary. V. Honeydew is secreted by the mycelium.

    III-IV-I-V-II

  • 80

    Which of the following is the least stable vitamin?

    Vitamin C

  • 81

    What substance can be found in the plasma of patients who recovered from COVID-19?

    Antibodies

  • 82

    What is the herbal medicine traditionally used to treat dengue?

    Grammatophyllum scriptum

  • 83

    An herbal medicine for cough and cold

    Vitex negundo

  • 84

    Which of the following is used as an antidiabetic agent?

    Banaba

  • 85

    The consumption of this traditional herbal medicine would result in an additive effect when taken with OHAs.

    Momordica charantia

  • 86

    Cinchona belongs to which of the following families?

    Rubiaceae

  • 87

    Quinine belongs to which of the following families? A. Solanaceae C. Papaveraceae B. Rubiaceae D. Apocynaceae

    Rubiaceae

  • 88

    Which of the following refers to hemp?

    Marijuana

  • 89

    What is the MOA of Vinblastine as an antineoplastic agent

    Inhibits the assembly of tubulin

  • 90

    What is the MOA of Paclitaxel as an antineoplastic agent?

    Inhibits the disassembly of microtubules

  • 91

    Which of the following best characterize taxanes?

    They were originally identified from plants of the genus Taxus.

  • 92

    Arrange the following steps in curing vanilla. I. Upon developing the correct moisture level and aroma, the pods are laid in the open air, alternating between sun and shade, driving out moisture without overly drying the pods. II. The soaked pods are wrapped in woolen blankets in the day and packed in wool- covered boxes at night until the pods lose 70-80% of their original weight. III. The ripe vanilla pods are dipped into warm water for about 3 minutes. IV. The pods are then graded and tied into bundles stored and sealed in closed boxes (e.g., tin containers) for shipment. V. The fruits are collected as they ripen to a yellow color, 6 to 10 months after pollination.

    V-III-II-I-IV

  • 93

    The process of synthesis of glucose and other carbohydrate molecules from simple precursors

    Photosynthesis

  • 94

    Glycolysis: EMP pathway; Photosynthesis: __________

    Calvin cycle

  • 95

    Which of the following are products of the light reaction?

    ATP and NADPH

  • 96

    Site of the Calvin cycle

    Chloroplast

  • 97

    An important branching point intermediate in the shikimic acid pathway

    Chorismic acid

  • 98

    Determine the immediate precursor of phenylalanine

    Phenylpyruvic acid

  • 99

    Which of the following are synthesized via the Mevalonate pathway? I. Terpineol IV. Squalene II. Camphor V. Methylsalicylate III. Hyoscyamine

    I, II, IV

  • 100

    Which of the following are synthesized via the Shikimic acid pathway? I. Ergosterol IV. Prunasin II. Sitosterol V. Vanillin III. Morphine

    III, IV, V