2

100問 • 1年前

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This organelle is found close to the endoplasmic reticulum and receives and acts on proteins and membrane lipids to further modify them.

Golgi apparatus

These are digestive vesicles containing enzymes that degrade proteins and nucleic acids.

Lysosomes

Which of the following statements best characterize the cell membrane? I. Glycolipids are the major class of membrane lipids. II. Membrane potential plays a vital role in transport, energy conversion, and excitability. III. The two faces of biological membranes are always the same. IV. Membrane lipids spontaneously form closed bimolecular sheets in aqueous media that form barriers to the flow of polar molecules.

II, IV

Cellobiose

Disaccharide

D-altrose and D-glucose

Diastereomers

They hold large quantities of water and occupy space, thus cushioning or lubricating other structures.

Glycosaminoglycans

Which of the following GAGs can be found in the synovial fluid?

Hyaluronic acid

Test for pentoses

Bial’s

Test for monosaccharides

Barfoed’s

Which of the following hormones causes a decrease in blood glucose levels?

Insulin

What is the indication of benzyl sulfonyl urea drugs?

Antidiabetic

Prostaglandins are also known as ____________.

Eicosanoids

These are essential fatty acids in humans.

Alpha-linolenic acid and Linoleic acid

Which of the following are functions of lipids? I. Body heat II. Nutrient storage III. Protection of organs

I, II, III

Aspartate and Glutamate

Acidic

Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, and Tyrosine

Aromatic

This is the simplest amino acid.

Glycine

Which of the following amino acids is involved in heme production?

Glycine

All of the following amino acids undergo transamination, except: I. Alanine II. Lysine III. Glycine IV. Proline

II, IV

Hemoglobin

Transport

Fibrinogen

Protective

Collagen

Structural

Casein

Storage

Albumin

Storage

Cofactor that is tightly bound to the apoenzyme

Prosthetic group

Which of the following is an example of a prosthetic group bound to an apoenzyme?

Heme

Complete the general enzyme reaction scheme: E + S ⇆ ES → ___

E + P

This states that the receptor is always in the state of equilibrium between active and inactive states.

Activation–Aggregation Theory

The Lineweaver-Burke plot below is typical for a substrate with what type of inhibitor?

Noncompetitive

Kinase

Transferase

Fumarase

Lyase

Nucleoside monophosphate kinase

Transferase

Trypsin

Promote a reaction that is almost immeasurably slow at neutral pH

Restriction endonuclease

Attain a very high level of specificity

Nucleoside monophosphate kinase

Transfer a phosphoryl group from ATP to a nucleotide

Carbonic anhydrase

Achieve a high absolute rate of reaction

Which of the following is the cofactor of carbonic anhydrase?

Zinc

Which of the following is the distinguishing feature between nucleosides and nucleotides?

Phosphate group

A thread-like structure in the nucleus that carries the genetic material

Chromosome

What is the mechanism involved in the regulation of DNA replication and synthesis of mRNA?

Compartmentalization

Where does glycolysis occur?

Cytosol

Which of the following is incorrect about glycolysis?

The second part of glycolysis splits the six-carbon molecule into three two- carbon fragments.

Which of the following steps in glycolysis does not consume ATP?

Phosphoenolpyruvate → Pyruvate

Which of the following hormones inhibit glycogenolysis? I. Insulin II. Glucagon III. Epinephrine

I only

Precursors of gluconeogenesis

Glycerol, lactate, pyruvate, glucogenic amino acids

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

Pyruvate carboxylase

Products of Krebs Cycle

3 NADH, 1 FADH2 and 1 GTP

This pathological condition results from the absence of adenosine deaminase, an enzyme in the purine degradation pathway.

Severe combined immunodeficiency

These are vegetable or animal drugs that consist of natural substances that have undergone only the processes of collection and drying.

Crude drugs

Gibberellins

Stem elongation

This sugar is used as a diagnostic aid for malabsorption.

Xylose

Commercial source of dextrose

Acer saccharum

Which of the following correctly describes starch?

Starch is composed of only glucose units.

Which of the following correctly differentiates amylose and amylopectin?

Amylose is linear, while Amylopectin is branched.

Which of the following is a microbial gum?

Xanthan

What is the MOA of Plantago seed as a laxative?

Swelling of the mucilaginous seed coat, giving bulk and lubrication

Which of the following pertains to the non- sugar component of glycosides?

Both Genin and Aglycone

An ingredient found in slimming drinks that causes diarrhea

Cassia acutifolia

Which of the following best describes vanillin?

It has an aldehydic aglycone.

A glycosidic vitamin that claims to have anticancer properties

Laetrile

What is the toxic substance found in apricot pits?

Amygdalin

What are the products of glycyrrhizin hydrolysis?

Glycyrrhetic acid and glucuronic acid

How does glycyrrhizin lose its sweet taste?

Upon hydrolysis to glycyrrhetic acid and glucuronic acid

Hydrolyzable tannins

Yield phenolic acids and sugar upon hydrolysis

Identify the specialized secretory structures found in Pinus palustris and Citrus limon.

Lysigenous or schizogenous passages

Which of the following oils can be obtained from the extraction and distillation of wood?

Pine oil

Composed of 3 isoprene units

Sesquiterpenes

Lavender oil and Oil of Wintergreen

Esters

These are esters of fatty acids and alcohols

Lipids

Salts of fatty acids

Soaps

These are amorphous products with a complex chemical nature that are believed to be oxidation products of terpenes.

Resins

This alkaloidal test reagent makes use of potassium mercuric iodide.

Mayer’s

Which of the following statements are true about the biosynthesis of hyoscyamine? I. Feeding studies with labeled ornithine have shown that this is incorporated stereospecifically to form the pyrrolidine ring of tropine. II. Tyrosine is the precursor of tropic acid. III. Esterification of tropic acid with tropine produces hyoscyamine. IV. Hyoscyamine is dextrorotatory

I, III

Choose the odd one out.

Nicotine

Choose the odd one out.

Ergotamine

The most important opium alkaloid

Morphine

What is the source of Thebaine?

Papaver bracteatum

Cocaine is chemically the _________.

Methyl ester of benzoylecgonine

Arrange the following steps by which Claviceps purpurea infects the plants: I. Some of the hyphal strands produce asexual spores, known as conidiospores, which become suspended in a viscous, sugary liquid, known as honeydew. II. Insects are attracted to this honeydew and carry it and the spores to other host plants, where the process is repeated. III. Spores come in contact with the ovary of a grass, frequently rye, where it germinates, forming hyphal strands that penetrate into the host tissue. IV. The hyphae eventually form a mass of tissue known as a mycelium, which supplants the ovary. V. Honeydew is secreted by the mycelium.

III-IV-I-V-II

Which of the following is the least stable vitamin?

Vitamin C

What substance can be found in the plasma of patients who recovered from COVID-19?

Antibodies

What is the herbal medicine traditionally used to treat dengue?

Grammatophyllum scriptum

An herbal medicine for cough and cold

Vitex negundo

Which of the following is used as an antidiabetic agent?

Banaba

The consumption of this traditional herbal medicine would result in an additive effect when taken with OHAs.

Momordica charantia

Cinchona belongs to which of the following families?

Rubiaceae

Quinine belongs to which of the following families? A. Solanaceae C. Papaveraceae B. Rubiaceae D. Apocynaceae

Rubiaceae

Which of the following refers to hemp?

Marijuana

What is the MOA of Vinblastine as an antineoplastic agent

Inhibits the assembly of tubulin

What is the MOA of Paclitaxel as an antineoplastic agent?

Inhibits the disassembly of microtubules

Which of the following best characterize taxanes?

They were originally identified from plants of the genus Taxus.

Arrange the following steps in curing vanilla. I. Upon developing the correct moisture level and aroma, the pods are laid in the open air, alternating between sun and shade, driving out moisture without overly drying the pods. II. The soaked pods are wrapped in woolen blankets in the day and packed in wool- covered boxes at night until the pods lose 70-80% of their original weight. III. The ripe vanilla pods are dipped into warm water for about 3 minutes. IV. The pods are then graded and tied into bundles stored and sealed in closed boxes (e.g., tin containers) for shipment. V. The fruits are collected as they ripen to a yellow color, 6 to 10 months after pollination.

V-III-II-I-IV

The process of synthesis of glucose and other carbohydrate molecules from simple precursors

Photosynthesis

Glycolysis: EMP pathway; Photosynthesis: __________

Calvin cycle

Which of the following are products of the light reaction?

ATP and NADPH

Site of the Calvin cycle

Chloroplast

An important branching point intermediate in the shikimic acid pathway

Chorismic acid

Determine the immediate precursor of phenylalanine

Phenylpyruvic acid

Which of the following are synthesized via the Mevalonate pathway? I. Terpineol IV. Squalene II. Camphor V. Methylsalicylate III. Hyoscyamine

I, II, IV

100

Which of the following are synthesized via the Shikimic acid pathway? I. Ergosterol IV. Prunasin II. Sitosterol V. Vanillin III. Morphine

III, IV, V

Module 2 Part 1

ユーザ名非公開 · 100問 · 1年前

Module 2 Part 1