Module 2 Part 2

100問 • 1年前

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通報

問題一覧

Essential fatty acids are vital but are not synthesized in the body. Identify the essential fatty acids for humans.

Linoleic acid (omega-6) and alpha-Linolenic acid (omega-3)

Which of the following is an omega-3 fatty acid?

Alpha-linolenic acid

This carrier molecule transports activated fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Carnitine

Lipids are biomolecules with diverse functions. Which of the following is true about lipids and lipid-derivatives?

Eicosanoids act as messenger inside cells and between neighboring cells

Which of the following statements best describes fatty acid metabolism?

The release of fatty acids and their subsequent beta-oxidation is a primary source of metabolic energy for the cell.

Determine the intermediate product formed in the biosynthesis of fatty acids, when malonyl-CoA reacts with Acetyl-CoA the product undergoes reduction and elimination of carbon dioxide.

Butyryl-CoA

Number of mg of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free acids and hydrolyze the esters in 1g sample

Saponification Value

Refers to the difference between saponification and acid value

Ester Value

Number of mg of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the acetic acid freed by the hydrolysis of acetylated fat

Acetyl Value

Number of mg of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the acid combined by acylation of the sample

Hydroxyl Value

Measures the degree of unsaturation of the oil

Iodine Value

Find the hormones used in the diagnosis of pancreatic disorders.

Secretin and Gastrin

Analyze which oil is suitable for painting.

Linseed oil

Hormone secreted by intestines

Trypsin

Proteins are made up of a repertoire of ___ amino acids

Functional groups of amino acids are

Amino, Carboxyl acid

Amino acids are linked by ______________ to form polypeptide chains

Peptide bonds

The peptide bond is not easily denatured and hydrolyzed

True

The peptide bond is EASILY denatured and hydrolyzed

False

This is the ONLY amino acid that has NO CHIRAL CENTER

Glycine

This is the ONLY amino acid that is NOT OPTICALLY ACTIVE

Glycine

Which amino acid has a phenol

Tyrosine

Which amino acid has a phenyl

Phenylalanine

Which amino acid has an indole ring

Tryptophan

Tyrosine is converted to which of the following?

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine

Brown pigment

Melanin

Tyrosine is converted to which of the following?

Melanin, Thyroxine

Thyroxine

Hormone that regulates sleep-wake pattern

Melatonin

Tryptophan is converted to which of the following?

Melatonin, Serotonin, Niacin

Melatonin

Tryptophan

Melanin

Tyrosine

Conversion of Glycine

Heme

Non protein portion of Hemoglobin

Heme

Enzyme for the conversion of Glutamate to GABA

Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase

Intrachain Hydrogen Bonds

Alpha Helix

Interchain Hydrogen Bonds

Beta Sheets

The most important derivative of Glycosylated Hemoglobin

HbA1C

Parameter used for monitoring blood glucose level

HbA1C

Normal range of HbA1C

6.9%

The major sugar derivative which is formed from the reaction of glucose with the amino terminal group on the beta subunit of hemoglobin

HbA1C

Beta strands and alpha helices are amphipathic.

Tertiary Structure

Protein that transport Oxygen

Hemoglobin

Protein that transport most of the ACIDIC or NEUTRAL DRUGS

Albumin

Casein from Milk

Storage Proteins

Ovalbumin from Egg White

Storage Proteins

PVT TIM HALL

Essential Amino Acids

Hexokinase

Catalytic Proteins

Ribonuclease

Catalytic Proteins

Monoamine oxidase

Catalytic Proteins

Myosin

Contractile Proteins

Actin

Contractile Proteins

Myosin

Thick Filament

Actin

Thin Filament

Collagen

Structural Proteins

Keratin

Structural Proteins

Elastin

Structural Proteins

Structural protein of Skin and Cartillages

Collagen

Defensive protein that is hemostatic plug

Fibrin

Antibodies and Immunoglobulins

Protective Proteins/ Defensive Proteins

Most common Immunoglobulins

gamma-Globulin

MOST abundant in SERUM

lgG

It is so small that it can crosses the placenta

lgG

Main antibody in the PRIMARY response

IgM

It is the LARGEST which is why it cannot cross the placenta

IgM

Anamnestic

Does not forget

Present in Secretions

IgA

Prevents the attachment of bacteria and viruses in the mucous membranes (secretion glands)

IgA

Colostrum

Maternal Antibodies

Mediates TYPE 1 ALLERGIC REACTION

IgE

Type I Allergic Mediators

IgE

Type II Allergic Mediators

IgG and IgM

Type III Allergic Mediators

Ag-Ab complex mediator

Type IV Allergic Mediators

T Cell mediator

A NONSPECIFIC immunoglobulin found on the surface of B cells where it acts as a receptor for antigens

IgD

END PRODUCT OF metabolism OF PROTEINS

Urea

Amino acids are classified based on their l side chains. Classify Glutamine and Aspartic acid.

Carboxylic acid

Proteins are composed of monomer units called amino acids. The amino acids are linked together by __________ bonds.

Peptide

Identify the chemical bond that joins amino acids together in a protein molecule.

Peptide

What are the functional groups that are distinct amino acids?

Amino acid and carboxylic acid groups

This is described as the simplest amino acid.

Glycine

These are examples of transport and storage proteins:

Hemoglobin, Myoglobin, serum Albumin

Ninhydrin Test is:

Based on the reaction between the reagent and the amino group of the free amino acid of the test sample, which leads to the oxidation of the compound and its deamination, and resulting in the formation of a deep blue colored solution

The amino acid Tyrosine is converted to catecholamine. These are:

Norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine

The most abundant of the serum immunoglobulins is:

IgG

Among the 20 amino acids, which of the following pair undergoes non-oxidative direct deamination?

Serine and Threonine

An amino acid relevant to the production of HEME

Glycine

Protein Composition and Structure

Proteins are built from a repertoire of 20 amino acids, The secondary structure of proteins refers to the conformation adopted by local regions of the polypeptide chain, The primary structure of proteins refer to the amino acid sequence.

The PRIMARY structure of Proteins

Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains.

The TERTIARY Structure of Proteins

The tertiary structure describes the overall folding of the polypeptides chain, Many alpha helices and beta strands are amphipathic; that is, the alpha helix or beta strand has a hydrophobic face, which points into the protein interior, and a more polar face, which points into the solution, Pairing all the NH and CO groups by H-bonding is the secret of burying a segment of the main chain in a hydrophobic environment., The polypeptide chain folds so that its hydrophobic side chains are buried and its polar charged chains are on the surface

The secondary Structure of Proteins

The secondary structure refer to the folded segments of alpha helices, beta strands, and turns that are formed by a regular pattern of H-bond between the peptide N-H and C=O groups of amino acids that are near one another in a linear sequence

Protein Beta Sheets

The beta sheet is composed of 2 or more polypeptide chains called beta strands, Adjacent strands in a beta sheet can run in opposite directions or in the same direction, Beta sheets are more structurally diverse than alpha helices, Beta sheets are stabilized by H-bonding between polypeptide strands.

Fibrinogen

Defensive

Collagen, Keratin

Structural

MAO

Catalytic

Hemoglobin

Transport

Insulin

Regulatory

Protein portion of an Enzyme

Apoenzyme

Alpha Helix Breakers

Proline, Glycine

100

Non Protein portion of an Enzyme

Prosthetic group

Module 2 Part 1

Module 2 Part 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 2

Module 2

Antibiotics

Antibiotics

Module 2 (Part 2)

Module 2 (Part 2)

Module 2 Part 3

Module 2 Part 3

Module 4

Module 4

Module 4 Part 2

Module 4 Part 2

Module 4 Part 3

Module 4 Part 3

Module 2 (Part 4)

Module 2 (Part 4)

Randome Questions

Randome Questions

Module 2 (Part 5)

Module 2 (Part 5)

Module 2 (Part 6)

Module 2 (Part 6)

Module 4 Part 1

Module 4 Part 1

BCS

BCS

Routes of Administration

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Routes of Administration

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics

Enzyme Inducers and Enzyme Inhibitors

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Enzyme Inducers and Enzyme Inhibitors

25問 • 1年前

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Metabolism and Excretion

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Metabolism and Excretion

PHARMACODYNAMICS

PHARMACODYNAMICS

Ramdom

Ramdom

A. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Drugs

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A. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Drugs

Module 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 2

Module 2

Module 3

Module 3

Module 2

Module 2

Module 3

Module 3

Module 3 Rationales

Module 3 Rationales

Terms

Terms

Module 3 Rationales

Module 3 Rationales

Excipients

Excipients

Module 4

Module 4

Flavors,Sweeteners, and Colors

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Flavors,Sweeteners, and Colors

Module 5

Module 5

Anti Glaucoma

Anti Glaucoma

B. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Blockers — Anti Cholinergic Agents

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B. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Blockers — Anti Cholinergic Agents

20問 • 1年前

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C. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs

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C. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs

80問 • 1年前

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D. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) BLOCKERS

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D. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) BLOCKERS

15問 • 1年前

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E. Nicotinic Receptor Blockers

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E. Nicotinic Receptor Blockers

30問 • 1年前

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F. Central Muscle Relaxants (or Spasmolytic agents)

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F. Central Muscle Relaxants (or Spasmolytic agents)

Rationale Quiz 1.0

Rationale Quiz 1.0

A. Anxiolytic Agents

A. Anxiolytic Agents

B.1 Drugs for Depression

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B.1 Drugs for Depression

29問 • 1年前

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B.2 Drugs for Mania / Bipolar Disorder

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B.2 Drugs for Mania / Bipolar Disorder

15問 • 1年前

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C. Drugs for Psychoses - Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics

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C. Drugs for Psychoses - Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics

44問 • 1年前

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D. Drugs for Seizure Disorders

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D. Drugs for Seizure Disorders

36問 • 1年前

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E. General Anesthetics

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E. General Anesthetics

32問 • 1年前

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G. Anti-Parkinson Drugs

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G. Anti-Parkinson Drugs

26問 • 1年前

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H. Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease

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H. Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease

Rationale Quiz 2

Rationale Quiz 2

1. Diuretics

1. Diuretics

2. Angiotensin Blockers

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2. Angiotensin Blockers

12問 • 1年前

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3 and 4. CCBs: Non-dihydropyridines and Vasodilators

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3 and 4. CCBs: Non-dihydropyridines and Vasodilators

Module 2

Module 2

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics

Drug Classes

Drug Classes

MOA

MOA

5. Sympatholytics

5. Sympatholytics

B. Drugs for Heart Failure

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B. Drugs for Heart Failure

6問 • 1年前

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C. Drugs for Arrhythmia

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C. Drugs for Arrhythmia

36問 • 1年前

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D. Drugs for Hyperlipidemia

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D. Drugs for Hyperlipidemia

E. Angina Pectoris

E. Angina Pectoris

F. Thrombotic Disorders

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F. Thrombotic Disorders

Antidotes

Antidotes

Deficiencies

Deficiencies

A. Growth Hormones

A. Growth Hormones

B. Adrenal Steroids

B. Adrenal Steroids

C. GnRH, FSH & LH & Sex Hormones

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C. GnRH, FSH & LH & Sex Hormones

D. Thyroid Hormones

D. Thyroid Hormones

E. Diabetes Mellitus

E. Diabetes Mellitus

F. Drugs for osteoporosis

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F. Drugs for osteoporosis

Rationale Quiz

Rationale Quiz

A. Asthma

A. Asthma

B. Allergic Rhinitis

B. Allergic Rhinitis

問題一覧

Essential fatty acids are vital but are not synthesized in the body. Identify the essential fatty acids for humans.

Linoleic acid (omega-6) and alpha-Linolenic acid (omega-3)

Which of the following is an omega-3 fatty acid?

Alpha-linolenic acid

This carrier molecule transports activated fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Carnitine

Lipids are biomolecules with diverse functions. Which of the following is true about lipids and lipid-derivatives?

Eicosanoids act as messenger inside cells and between neighboring cells

Which of the following statements best describes fatty acid metabolism?

The release of fatty acids and their subsequent beta-oxidation is a primary source of metabolic energy for the cell.

Determine the intermediate product formed in the biosynthesis of fatty acids, when malonyl-CoA reacts with Acetyl-CoA the product undergoes reduction and elimination of carbon dioxide.

Butyryl-CoA

Number of mg of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free acids and hydrolyze the esters in 1g sample

Saponification Value

Refers to the difference between saponification and acid value

Ester Value

Number of mg of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the acetic acid freed by the hydrolysis of acetylated fat

Acetyl Value

Number of mg of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the acid combined by acylation of the sample

Hydroxyl Value

Measures the degree of unsaturation of the oil

Iodine Value

Find the hormones used in the diagnosis of pancreatic disorders.

Secretin and Gastrin

Analyze which oil is suitable for painting.

Linseed oil

Hormone secreted by intestines

Trypsin

Proteins are made up of a repertoire of ___ amino acids

Functional groups of amino acids are

Amino, Carboxyl acid

Amino acids are linked by ______________ to form polypeptide chains

Peptide bonds

The peptide bond is not easily denatured and hydrolyzed

True

The peptide bond is EASILY denatured and hydrolyzed

False

This is the ONLY amino acid that has NO CHIRAL CENTER

Glycine

This is the ONLY amino acid that is NOT OPTICALLY ACTIVE

Glycine

Which amino acid has a phenol

Tyrosine

Which amino acid has a phenyl

Phenylalanine

Which amino acid has an indole ring

Tryptophan

Tyrosine is converted to which of the following?

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine

Brown pigment

Melanin

Tyrosine is converted to which of the following?

Melanin, Thyroxine

Thyroxine

Hormone that regulates sleep-wake pattern

Melatonin

Tryptophan is converted to which of the following?

Melatonin, Serotonin, Niacin

Melatonin

Tryptophan

Melanin

Tyrosine

Conversion of Glycine

Heme

Non protein portion of Hemoglobin

Heme

Enzyme for the conversion of Glutamate to GABA

Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase

Intrachain Hydrogen Bonds

Alpha Helix

Interchain Hydrogen Bonds

Beta Sheets

The most important derivative of Glycosylated Hemoglobin

HbA1C

Parameter used for monitoring blood glucose level

HbA1C

Normal range of HbA1C

6.9%

The major sugar derivative which is formed from the reaction of glucose with the amino terminal group on the beta subunit of hemoglobin

HbA1C

Beta strands and alpha helices are amphipathic.

Tertiary Structure

Protein that transport Oxygen

Hemoglobin

Protein that transport most of the ACIDIC or NEUTRAL DRUGS

Albumin

Casein from Milk

Storage Proteins

Ovalbumin from Egg White

Storage Proteins

PVT TIM HALL

Essential Amino Acids

Hexokinase

Catalytic Proteins

Ribonuclease

Catalytic Proteins

Monoamine oxidase

Catalytic Proteins

Myosin

Contractile Proteins

Actin

Contractile Proteins

Myosin

Thick Filament

Actin

Thin Filament

Collagen

Structural Proteins

Keratin

Structural Proteins

Elastin

Structural Proteins

Structural protein of Skin and Cartillages

Collagen

Defensive protein that is hemostatic plug

Fibrin

Antibodies and Immunoglobulins

Protective Proteins/ Defensive Proteins

Most common Immunoglobulins

gamma-Globulin

MOST abundant in SERUM

lgG

It is so small that it can crosses the placenta

lgG

Main antibody in the PRIMARY response

IgM

It is the LARGEST which is why it cannot cross the placenta

IgM

Anamnestic

Does not forget

Present in Secretions

IgA

Prevents the attachment of bacteria and viruses in the mucous membranes (secretion glands)

IgA

Colostrum

Maternal Antibodies

Mediates TYPE 1 ALLERGIC REACTION

IgE

Type I Allergic Mediators

IgE

Type II Allergic Mediators

IgG and IgM

Type III Allergic Mediators

Ag-Ab complex mediator

Type IV Allergic Mediators

T Cell mediator

A NONSPECIFIC immunoglobulin found on the surface of B cells where it acts as a receptor for antigens

IgD

END PRODUCT OF metabolism OF PROTEINS

Urea

Amino acids are classified based on their l side chains. Classify Glutamine and Aspartic acid.

Carboxylic acid

Proteins are composed of monomer units called amino acids. The amino acids are linked together by __________ bonds.

Peptide

Identify the chemical bond that joins amino acids together in a protein molecule.

Peptide

What are the functional groups that are distinct amino acids?

Amino acid and carboxylic acid groups

This is described as the simplest amino acid.

Glycine

These are examples of transport and storage proteins:

Hemoglobin, Myoglobin, serum Albumin

Ninhydrin Test is:

The amino acid Tyrosine is converted to catecholamine. These are:

Norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine

The most abundant of the serum immunoglobulins is:

IgG

Among the 20 amino acids, which of the following pair undergoes non-oxidative direct deamination?

Serine and Threonine

An amino acid relevant to the production of HEME

Glycine

Protein Composition and Structure

The PRIMARY structure of Proteins

Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains.

The TERTIARY Structure of Proteins

The secondary Structure of Proteins

Protein Beta Sheets

Fibrinogen

Defensive

Collagen, Keratin

Structural

MAO

Catalytic

Hemoglobin

Transport

Insulin

Regulatory

Protein portion of an Enzyme

Apoenzyme

Alpha Helix Breakers

Proline, Glycine

100

Non Protein portion of an Enzyme

Prosthetic group