Module 4 Part 2

100問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

通報

問題一覧

What kinetic order is shown in the diagram

First-order kinetics

What kinetic order is shown in the diagram

Zero-order kinetics

First-order kinetics The half-life is the same regardless of the plasma concentration

True

First-order kinetics The drug is distributed to ONLY 1 compartment outside the vascular s

False

First-order kinetics Rate of elimination is proportional to the rate of administration at ALL TIMES

False

Drug metabolism happens in most cases, to convert the drug to a compound that is______. I. More polar II. More nonpolar III. More lipid-soluble IV. More water-soluble

I and IV

Pharmacokinetic variations in Drug Metabolizing Enzymes (DME) are considered “significant if” _______. I. Active metabolites are formed II. The drug has a very “wide margin of safety” III. Parent drug is a prodrug that requires activation by the DME

I and III

What is the order of reaction in which the concentration of a drug is decreasing at a rate that is proportional to the concentration of the drug remaining?

First

Which of the following are the reasons for formulating prodrugs? I. Improve bioavailability of the drug II. Develop cheaper therapeutic alternative III. Promotes site-specific delivery of the drug

I, II and III

A drug was withdrawn from the market due to reports of cardiac arrhythmia caused by unusually high level of the said drug. Which of the following BEST explains this effect?

Intake of drugs that inhibit it metabolism

What is the order of the reaction if the concentration of a drug is decreasing at a rate that is proportional to the concentration of the drug remaining?

First-order kinetics

Which of the following refers to the kinetic orders that distinguishes the elimination of ethanol from the elimination of most other drugs?

Zero-order elimination

Drugs Terfenadine was withdrawn due to toxicity, ____ was the replacement for Terfenadine

Fexonadine

MEASURE the FILTERING capacity of GLOMERULUS.

Inulin clearance

gold standard for measuring GFR

Inulin clearance

more COMMON procedure used to ESTIMATE the GFR.

Creatinine clearance

Clearance _____ of plasma that is cleared per unit ____

volume per time

Clearance Increased clearance = _______ activity

decreased

Clearance Decreased clearance = _______ toxicity

inceased

Clearance if the patient has increased clearance, what should be done to achieve the target concentration? Give _______ dose

higher

This antibiotic can inhibit Tubular Secretion given in a LOW dose

Probenecid

Antibiotic Probenecid given at LOWER DOSE can inhibit:

Tubular secretion

Antibiotic Probenecid given at HIGHER DOSE can inhibit:

Tubular reabsorption

Weak acids = more ___________ in the urine. Which will result to ______

unionized; increase reabsorp

What pharmacologic activity is Ion Trapping

Chemical Activity

The principle involved in urinary pH manipulation to inhibit toxin reabsorption across the renal tubular membranes.

Ion trapping

Which of the following would be the implication if the drug has an increased clearance in a patient?

A higher dose is needed to achieve the target concentration.

If the enzyme capacity in newborns and infants is reduced, what possible effects would this have on the clearance and elimination half-life of drugs?

decrease in clearance and increase in elimination half-life.

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE regarding weakly acidic drugs in an alkaline urine? I. Weakly acidic drugs in alkaline media will exist primarily in its ionized form, which cannot be reabsorbed easily. II. Weakly acidic drugs in alkaline media will exist primarily in its lipophilic form, which cannot be reabsorbed easily. III. Weakly acidic alkaline media will exist primarily in its nonpolar form, which cannot be reabsorbed easily.

The following are TRUE regarding significant organ impairment on pharmacokinetic variables EXCEPT________.

Renal impairment increases clearance for drugs primarily dependent on the kidney for elimination

The renal clearance of inulin is used as a measurement of ________.

Glomerular filtration rate

What percent of drug is removed per hour if the elimination rate constant is 0.25/hr?

25 %

Which of the following factors can contribute to a longer duration of a drug? I. Decreased protein binding II. Greater tubular reabsorption III. Reduced polarity

II and II

A study was carried out in isolated, perfused animal hearts. In the absence of other drugs, pindolol, a β-adrenoceptor ligand, caused an increase in heart rate. In the presence of highly effective β stimulants, however, pindolol caused a dose-dependent, reversible decrease in heart rate. Which of the following expressions best describes pindolol?

A partial agonist

Pindolol is a/an

Intrinsic Symphamimetic Activity

Also known as Allosteric Antagonism

Non-Competitive Antagonism

Activation of INDEPENDENT/DIFFERENT receptor resulting to opposite effect

Physiologic Antagonism

Also known as Funtional Antagonism

Physiologic Antagonism

Acetylcholine + Epinephrine

Physiologic Antagonism

Histamine + Epinephrine

Physiologic Antagonism

Glucagon + Propranolol

Physiologic Antagonism

Cyanide + sodium thiosulfate

Chemical Antagonism

HCl + Antacid

Chemical Antagonism

Heparin + Protamine SO4

Chemical Antagonism

BAL + Arsenic

Chemical Antagonism

ASA + COX

Pharmacologic Antagonism

Digibind + Digoxin

Chemical Antagonism

Pancuronium + Sugammadex

Chemical Antagonism

True/False R is more effective than S.

False

True/False T is less effective than R & S.

True

True/False R is more potent than S.

True

True/False T is a partial agonist

True

True/False R & S are full agonists

True

Letter A (Color Purple) represents Full agonist + competitive antagonist result. Compare the potency and efficacy of Blue (Full Agonist) and Purple (FA + CA)

Potency decreases, Efficacy stays the same

Letter B (Color Black) represents Full agonist + NON-competitive antagonist result. Compare the potency and efficacy of Blue (Full Agonist) and Black (FA + NCA)

Potency decreases, Efficacy decreases

Letter A (Color Purple) represents Full agonist + competitive antagonist result. Describe the movement shift of Purple’s Potency and Efficacy

Potency: Right Shift, Efficacy: No changes

Letter B (Color Black) represents Full agonist + NON-competitive antagonist result. Describe the movement shift of Black’s Potency and Efficacy

Potency: Right Shift, Efficacy: Down Shift

Therapeutic Index =

Median Toxic Dose divided by Median Effective Dose

NARROW Therapeutoc Index indicates

Drug is less safe

HIGHER Therapeutoc Index indicates

Drug is safe

Which drug is less safety

0.01

Measurement of RELATIVE safety

Therapeutic index

This is the Ratio of TD50 and ED50

Therapeutic index

Measurement of CLINICAL safety

Therapeutic window

also known as Therapeutic window

Therapeutic range

Concentration range of drug in plasma where the drug shows therapeuric without causing toxic effects in MOST people

Therapeutic window

Letter A Represents MTC Letter B Represents MEC What does MTC stands?

Minimum Toxic Concentration

Letter A Represents MTC Letter B Represents MEC What does MEC stands?

Minimum Effective Concentration

What G enzyme can activate Adenylyl cyclase

What G enzyme can inhibit Adenylyl cyclase

What G enzyme can activate Phospholipase C (PLC)

alpha 1

alpha 2

beta 1, beta 2, beta 3

M1, M3, M5

M2, M4

What are the result of 2nd messengers after activating alpha 1 receptors

IP3, DAG

What are the result of 2nd messengers after inhibiting alpha 2 receptors

decreased cAMP

What are the result of 2nd messengers after activating beta 1,2 and 3 receptors

increased cAMP

Target organs of alpha 1 receptors

Blood Vessel

Target organs of alpha 2 receptors

CNS and PNS

Target organs of beta 1 receptors

Heart

Target organs of beta 2 receptors

Lungs

Target organs of beta 3 receptors

Bladder

Activation of alpha 1 will result to

Contraction

What will be the effect in CENTRAL Nervous System if alpha 2 is inhibited?

Vasodilation

Activation of beta 1 will result to

Increased Cardiac Activity

Activation of beta 2 will result to

Bronchodilation

What will be the effect in PERIPHERAL Nervous System if alpha 2 is inhibited?

Vasoconstriction

Activation of beta 3 will result to

Urinary Retention

This drugs target the alpha 1 receptors

Phenyleprine

This drugs target the alpha 2 receptors

Clonidine and Brimonidine

This drugs target the beta 1 receptors

Dobutamine

This drugs target the beta 2 receptors

SABA and LABA

This drugs target the beta 3 receptors

Mirabegron

ADJUNCT drugs for Diabetes Mellitus

Glitazone

PPAR-alpha

Fibrates

PPAR-gamma

Glitazone

The activity of the receptor in the ABSENCE of a drug (ligand) is called:

Constitutive activity

100

The activity of the receptor in the ABSENCE of a drug (ligand) is called:

Basal activity

Module 2 Part 1

Module 2 Part 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 2

Module 2

Antibiotics

Antibiotics

Module 2 Part 2

Module 2 Part 2

Module 2 (Part 2)

Module 2 (Part 2)

Module 2 Part 3

Module 2 Part 3

Module 4

Module 4

Module 4 Part 3

Module 4 Part 3

Module 2 (Part 4)

Module 2 (Part 4)

Randome Questions

Randome Questions

Module 2 (Part 5)

Module 2 (Part 5)

Module 2 (Part 6)

Module 2 (Part 6)

Module 4 Part 1

Module 4 Part 1

BCS

BCS

Routes of Administration

ユーザ名非公開 · 79問 · 1年前

Routes of Administration

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics

Enzyme Inducers and Enzyme Inhibitors

ユーザ名非公開 · 25問 · 1年前

Enzyme Inducers and Enzyme Inhibitors

25問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

Metabolism and Excretion

ユーザ名非公開 · 31問 · 1年前

Metabolism and Excretion

PHARMACODYNAMICS

PHARMACODYNAMICS

Ramdom

Ramdom

A. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Drugs

ユーザ名非公開 · 43問 · 1年前

A. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Drugs

Module 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 2

Module 2

Module 3

Module 3

Module 2

Module 2

Module 3

Module 3

Module 3 Rationales

Module 3 Rationales

Terms

Terms

Module 3 Rationales

Module 3 Rationales

Excipients

Excipients

Module 4

Module 4

Flavors,Sweeteners, and Colors

ユーザ名非公開 · 17問 · 1年前

Flavors,Sweeteners, and Colors

Module 5

Module 5

Anti Glaucoma

Anti Glaucoma

B. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Blockers — Anti Cholinergic Agents

ユーザ名非公開 · 20問 · 1年前

B. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Blockers — Anti Cholinergic Agents

20問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

C. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs

ユーザ名非公開 · 80問 · 1年前

C. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs

80問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

D. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) BLOCKERS

ユーザ名非公開 · 15問 · 1年前

D. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) BLOCKERS

15問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

E. Nicotinic Receptor Blockers

ユーザ名非公開 · 30問 · 1年前

E. Nicotinic Receptor Blockers

30問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

F. Central Muscle Relaxants (or Spasmolytic agents)

ユーザ名非公開 · 19問 · 1年前

F. Central Muscle Relaxants (or Spasmolytic agents)

Rationale Quiz 1.0

Rationale Quiz 1.0

A. Anxiolytic Agents

A. Anxiolytic Agents

B.1 Drugs for Depression

ユーザ名非公開 · 29問 · 1年前

B.1 Drugs for Depression

29問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

B.2 Drugs for Mania / Bipolar Disorder

ユーザ名非公開 · 15問 · 1年前

B.2 Drugs for Mania / Bipolar Disorder

15問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

C. Drugs for Psychoses - Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics

ユーザ名非公開 · 44問 · 1年前

C. Drugs for Psychoses - Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics

44問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

D. Drugs for Seizure Disorders

ユーザ名非公開 · 36問 · 1年前

D. Drugs for Seizure Disorders

36問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

E. General Anesthetics

ユーザ名非公開 · 32問 · 1年前

E. General Anesthetics

32問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

G. Anti-Parkinson Drugs

ユーザ名非公開 · 26問 · 1年前

G. Anti-Parkinson Drugs

26問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

H. Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease

ユーザ名非公開 · 6問 · 1年前

H. Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease

Rationale Quiz 2

Rationale Quiz 2

1. Diuretics

1. Diuretics

2. Angiotensin Blockers

ユーザ名非公開 · 12問 · 1年前

2. Angiotensin Blockers

12問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

3 and 4. CCBs: Non-dihydropyridines and Vasodilators

ユーザ名非公開 · 20問 · 1年前

3 and 4. CCBs: Non-dihydropyridines and Vasodilators

Module 2

Module 2

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics

Drug Classes

Drug Classes

MOA

MOA

5. Sympatholytics

5. Sympatholytics

B. Drugs for Heart Failure

ユーザ名非公開 · 6問 · 1年前

B. Drugs for Heart Failure

6問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

C. Drugs for Arrhythmia

ユーザ名非公開 · 36問 · 1年前

C. Drugs for Arrhythmia

36問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

D. Drugs for Hyperlipidemia

ユーザ名非公開 · 11問 · 1年前

D. Drugs for Hyperlipidemia

E. Angina Pectoris

E. Angina Pectoris

F. Thrombotic Disorders

ユーザ名非公開 · 50問 · 1年前

F. Thrombotic Disorders

Antidotes

Antidotes

Deficiencies

Deficiencies

A. Growth Hormones

A. Growth Hormones

B. Adrenal Steroids

B. Adrenal Steroids

C. GnRH, FSH & LH & Sex Hormones

ユーザ名非公開 · 45問 · 1年前

C. GnRH, FSH & LH & Sex Hormones

D. Thyroid Hormones

D. Thyroid Hormones

E. Diabetes Mellitus

E. Diabetes Mellitus

F. Drugs for osteoporosis

ユーザ名非公開 · 21問 · 1年前

F. Drugs for osteoporosis

Rationale Quiz

Rationale Quiz

A. Asthma

A. Asthma

B. Allergic Rhinitis

B. Allergic Rhinitis

問題一覧

What kinetic order is shown in the diagram

First-order kinetics

What kinetic order is shown in the diagram

Zero-order kinetics

First-order kinetics The half-life is the same regardless of the plasma concentration

True

First-order kinetics The drug is distributed to ONLY 1 compartment outside the vascular s

False

First-order kinetics Rate of elimination is proportional to the rate of administration at ALL TIMES

False

Drug metabolism happens in most cases, to convert the drug to a compound that is______. I. More polar II. More nonpolar III. More lipid-soluble IV. More water-soluble

I and IV

I and III

What is the order of reaction in which the concentration of a drug is decreasing at a rate that is proportional to the concentration of the drug remaining?

First

Which of the following are the reasons for formulating prodrugs? I. Improve bioavailability of the drug II. Develop cheaper therapeutic alternative III. Promotes site-specific delivery of the drug

I, II and III

A drug was withdrawn from the market due to reports of cardiac arrhythmia caused by unusually high level of the said drug. Which of the following BEST explains this effect?

Intake of drugs that inhibit it metabolism

What is the order of the reaction if the concentration of a drug is decreasing at a rate that is proportional to the concentration of the drug remaining?

First-order kinetics

Which of the following refers to the kinetic orders that distinguishes the elimination of ethanol from the elimination of most other drugs?

Zero-order elimination

Drugs Terfenadine was withdrawn due to toxicity, ____ was the replacement for Terfenadine

Fexonadine

MEASURE the FILTERING capacity of GLOMERULUS.

Inulin clearance

gold standard for measuring GFR

Inulin clearance

more COMMON procedure used to ESTIMATE the GFR.

Creatinine clearance

Clearance _____ of plasma that is cleared per unit ____

volume per time

Clearance Increased clearance = _______ activity

decreased

Clearance Decreased clearance = _______ toxicity

inceased

Clearance if the patient has increased clearance, what should be done to achieve the target concentration? Give _______ dose

higher

This antibiotic can inhibit Tubular Secretion given in a LOW dose

Probenecid

Antibiotic Probenecid given at LOWER DOSE can inhibit:

Tubular secretion

Antibiotic Probenecid given at HIGHER DOSE can inhibit:

Tubular reabsorption

Weak acids = more ___________ in the urine. Which will result to ______

unionized; increase reabsorp

What pharmacologic activity is Ion Trapping

Chemical Activity

The principle involved in urinary pH manipulation to inhibit toxin reabsorption across the renal tubular membranes.

Ion trapping

Which of the following would be the implication if the drug has an increased clearance in a patient?

A higher dose is needed to achieve the target concentration.

If the enzyme capacity in newborns and infants is reduced, what possible effects would this have on the clearance and elimination half-life of drugs?

decrease in clearance and increase in elimination half-life.

The following are TRUE regarding significant organ impairment on pharmacokinetic variables EXCEPT________.

Renal impairment increases clearance for drugs primarily dependent on the kidney for elimination

The renal clearance of inulin is used as a measurement of ________.

Glomerular filtration rate

What percent of drug is removed per hour if the elimination rate constant is 0.25/hr?

25 %

Which of the following factors can contribute to a longer duration of a drug? I. Decreased protein binding II. Greater tubular reabsorption III. Reduced polarity

II and II

A partial agonist

Pindolol is a/an

Intrinsic Symphamimetic Activity

Also known as Allosteric Antagonism

Non-Competitive Antagonism

Activation of INDEPENDENT/DIFFERENT receptor resulting to opposite effect

Physiologic Antagonism

Also known as Funtional Antagonism

Physiologic Antagonism

Acetylcholine + Epinephrine

Physiologic Antagonism

Histamine + Epinephrine

Physiologic Antagonism

Glucagon + Propranolol

Physiologic Antagonism

Cyanide + sodium thiosulfate

Chemical Antagonism

HCl + Antacid

Chemical Antagonism

Heparin + Protamine SO4

Chemical Antagonism

BAL + Arsenic

Chemical Antagonism

ASA + COX

Pharmacologic Antagonism

Digibind + Digoxin

Chemical Antagonism

Pancuronium + Sugammadex

Chemical Antagonism

True/False R is more effective than S.

False

True/False T is less effective than R & S.

True

True/False R is more potent than S.

True

True/False T is a partial agonist

True

True/False R & S are full agonists

True

Letter A (Color Purple) represents Full agonist + competitive antagonist result. Compare the potency and efficacy of Blue (Full Agonist) and Purple (FA + CA)

Potency decreases, Efficacy stays the same

Letter B (Color Black) represents Full agonist + NON-competitive antagonist result. Compare the potency and efficacy of Blue (Full Agonist) and Black (FA + NCA)

Potency decreases, Efficacy decreases

Letter A (Color Purple) represents Full agonist + competitive antagonist result. Describe the movement shift of Purple’s Potency and Efficacy

Potency: Right Shift, Efficacy: No changes

Letter B (Color Black) represents Full agonist + NON-competitive antagonist result. Describe the movement shift of Black’s Potency and Efficacy

Potency: Right Shift, Efficacy: Down Shift

Therapeutic Index =

Median Toxic Dose divided by Median Effective Dose

NARROW Therapeutoc Index indicates

Drug is less safe

HIGHER Therapeutoc Index indicates

Drug is safe

Which drug is less safety

0.01

Measurement of RELATIVE safety

Therapeutic index

This is the Ratio of TD50 and ED50

Therapeutic index

Measurement of CLINICAL safety

Therapeutic window

also known as Therapeutic window

Therapeutic range

Concentration range of drug in plasma where the drug shows therapeuric without causing toxic effects in MOST people

Therapeutic window

Letter A Represents MTC Letter B Represents MEC What does MTC stands?

Minimum Toxic Concentration

Letter A Represents MTC Letter B Represents MEC What does MEC stands?

Minimum Effective Concentration

What G enzyme can activate Adenylyl cyclase

What G enzyme can inhibit Adenylyl cyclase

What G enzyme can activate Phospholipase C (PLC)

alpha 1

alpha 2

beta 1, beta 2, beta 3

M1, M3, M5

M2, M4

What are the result of 2nd messengers after activating alpha 1 receptors

IP3, DAG

What are the result of 2nd messengers after inhibiting alpha 2 receptors

decreased cAMP

What are the result of 2nd messengers after activating beta 1,2 and 3 receptors

increased cAMP

Target organs of alpha 1 receptors

Blood Vessel

Target organs of alpha 2 receptors

CNS and PNS

Target organs of beta 1 receptors

Heart

Target organs of beta 2 receptors

Lungs

Target organs of beta 3 receptors

Bladder

Activation of alpha 1 will result to

Contraction

What will be the effect in CENTRAL Nervous System if alpha 2 is inhibited?

Vasodilation

Activation of beta 1 will result to

Increased Cardiac Activity

Activation of beta 2 will result to

Bronchodilation

What will be the effect in PERIPHERAL Nervous System if alpha 2 is inhibited?

Vasoconstriction

Activation of beta 3 will result to

Urinary Retention

This drugs target the alpha 1 receptors

Phenyleprine

This drugs target the alpha 2 receptors

Clonidine and Brimonidine

This drugs target the beta 1 receptors

Dobutamine

This drugs target the beta 2 receptors

SABA and LABA

This drugs target the beta 3 receptors

Mirabegron

ADJUNCT drugs for Diabetes Mellitus

Glitazone

PPAR-alpha

Fibrates

PPAR-gamma

Glitazone

The activity of the receptor in the ABSENCE of a drug (ligand) is called:

Constitutive activity

100

The activity of the receptor in the ABSENCE of a drug (ligand) is called:

Basal activity