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Module 4 Part 2
100問 • 1年前
  • ユーザ名非公開
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    What kinetic order is shown in the diagram

    First-order kinetics

  • 2

    What kinetic order is shown in the diagram

    Zero-order kinetics

  • 3

    First-order kinetics The half-life is the same regardless of the plasma concentration

    True

  • 4

    First-order kinetics The drug is distributed to ONLY 1 compartment outside the vascular s

    False

  • 5

    First-order kinetics Rate of elimination is proportional to the rate of administration at ALL TIMES

    False

  • 6

    Drug metabolism happens in most cases, to convert the drug to a compound that is______. I. More polar II. More nonpolar III. More lipid-soluble IV. More water-soluble

    I and IV

  • 7

    Pharmacokinetic variations in Drug Metabolizing Enzymes (DME) are considered “significant if” _______. I. Active metabolites are formed II. The drug has a very “wide margin of safety” III. Parent drug is a prodrug that requires activation by the DME

    I and III

  • 8

    What is the order of reaction in which the concentration of a drug is decreasing at a rate that is proportional to the concentration of the drug remaining?

    First

  • 9

    Which of the following are the reasons for formulating prodrugs? I. Improve bioavailability of the drug II. Develop cheaper therapeutic alternative III. Promotes site-specific delivery of the drug

    I, II and III

  • 10

    A drug was withdrawn from the market due to reports of cardiac arrhythmia caused by unusually high level of the said drug. Which of the following BEST explains this effect?

    Intake of drugs that inhibit it metabolism

  • 11

    What is the order of the reaction if the concentration of a drug is decreasing at a rate that is proportional to the concentration of the drug remaining?

    First-order kinetics

  • 12

    Which of the following refers to the kinetic orders that distinguishes the elimination of ethanol from the elimination of most other drugs?

    Zero-order elimination

  • 13

    Drugs Terfenadine was withdrawn due to toxicity, ____ was the replacement for Terfenadine

    Fexonadine

  • 14

    MEASURE the FILTERING capacity of GLOMERULUS.

    Inulin clearance

  • 15

    gold standard for measuring GFR

    Inulin clearance

  • 16

    more COMMON procedure used to ESTIMATE the GFR.

    Creatinine clearance

  • 17

    Clearance _____ of plasma that is cleared per unit ____

    volume per time

  • 18

    Clearance Increased clearance = _______ activity

    decreased

  • 19

    Clearance Decreased clearance = _______ toxicity

    inceased

  • 20

    Clearance if the patient has increased clearance, what should be done to achieve the target concentration? Give _______ dose

    higher

  • 21

    This antibiotic can inhibit Tubular Secretion given in a LOW dose

    Probenecid

  • 22

    Antibiotic Probenecid given at LOWER DOSE can inhibit:

    Tubular secretion

  • 23

    Antibiotic Probenecid given at HIGHER DOSE can inhibit:

    Tubular reabsorption

  • 24

    Weak acids = more ___________ in the urine. Which will result to ______

    unionized; increase reabsorp

  • 25

    What pharmacologic activity is Ion Trapping

    Chemical Activity

  • 26

    The principle involved in urinary pH manipulation to inhibit toxin reabsorption across the renal tubular membranes.

    Ion trapping

  • 27

    Which of the following would be the implication if the drug has an increased clearance in a patient?

    A higher dose is needed to achieve the target concentration.

  • 28

    If the enzyme capacity in newborns and infants is reduced, what possible effects would this have on the clearance and elimination half-life of drugs?

    decrease in clearance and increase in elimination half-life.

  • 29

    Which of the following statements is/are TRUE regarding weakly acidic drugs in an alkaline urine? I. Weakly acidic drugs in alkaline media will exist primarily in its ionized form, which cannot be reabsorbed easily. II. Weakly acidic drugs in alkaline media will exist primarily in its lipophilic form, which cannot be reabsorbed easily. III. Weakly acidic alkaline media will exist primarily in its nonpolar form, which cannot be reabsorbed easily.

    I

  • 30

    The following are TRUE regarding significant organ impairment on pharmacokinetic variables EXCEPT________.

    Renal impairment increases clearance for drugs primarily dependent on the kidney for elimination

  • 31

    The renal clearance of inulin is used as a measurement of ________.

    Glomerular filtration rate

  • 32

    What percent of drug is removed per hour if the elimination rate constant is 0.25/hr?

    25 %

  • 33

    Which of the following factors can contribute to a longer duration of a drug? I. Decreased protein binding II. Greater tubular reabsorption III. Reduced polarity

    II and II

  • 34

    A study was carried out in isolated, perfused animal hearts. In the absence of other drugs, pindolol, a β-adrenoceptor ligand, caused an increase in heart rate. In the presence of highly effective β stimulants, however, pindolol caused a dose-dependent, reversible decrease in heart rate. Which of the following expressions best describes pindolol?

    A partial agonist

  • 35

    Pindolol is a/an

    Intrinsic Symphamimetic Activity

  • 36

    Also known as Allosteric Antagonism

    Non-Competitive Antagonism

  • 37

    Activation of INDEPENDENT/DIFFERENT receptor resulting to opposite effect

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 38

    Also known as Funtional Antagonism

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 39

    Acetylcholine + Epinephrine

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 40

    Histamine + Epinephrine

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 41

    Glucagon + Propranolol

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 42

    Cyanide + sodium thiosulfate

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 43

    HCl + Antacid

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 44

    Heparin + Protamine SO4

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 45

    BAL + Arsenic

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 46

    ASA + COX

    Pharmacologic Antagonism

  • 47

    Digibind + Digoxin

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 48

    Pancuronium + Sugammadex

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 49

    True/False R is more effective than S.

    False

  • 50

    True/False T is less effective than R & S.

    True

  • 51

    True/False R is more potent than S.

    True

  • 52

    True/False T is a partial agonist

    True

  • 53

    True/False R & S are full agonists

    True

  • 54

    Letter A (Color Purple) represents Full agonist + competitive antagonist result. Compare the potency and efficacy of Blue (Full Agonist) and Purple (FA + CA)

    Potency decreases, Efficacy stays the same

  • 55

    Letter B (Color Black) represents Full agonist + NON-competitive antagonist result. Compare the potency and efficacy of Blue (Full Agonist) and Black (FA + NCA)

    Potency decreases, Efficacy decreases

  • 56

    Letter A (Color Purple) represents Full agonist + competitive antagonist result. Describe the movement shift of Purple’s Potency and Efficacy

    Potency: Right Shift, Efficacy: No changes

  • 57

    Letter B (Color Black) represents Full agonist + NON-competitive antagonist result. Describe the movement shift of Black’s Potency and Efficacy

    Potency: Right Shift, Efficacy: Down Shift

  • 58

    Therapeutic Index =

    Median Toxic Dose divided by Median Effective Dose

  • 59

    NARROW Therapeutoc Index indicates

    Drug is less safe

  • 60

    HIGHER Therapeutoc Index indicates

    Drug is safe

  • 61

    Which drug is less safety

    0.01

  • 62

    Measurement of RELATIVE safety

    Therapeutic index

  • 63

    This is the Ratio of TD50 and ED50

    Therapeutic index

  • 64

    Measurement of CLINICAL safety

    Therapeutic window

  • 65

    also known as Therapeutic window

    Therapeutic range

  • 66

    Concentration range of drug in plasma where the drug shows therapeuric without causing toxic effects in MOST people

    Therapeutic window

  • 67

    Letter A Represents MTC Letter B Represents MEC What does MTC stands?

    Minimum Toxic Concentration

  • 68

    Letter A Represents MTC Letter B Represents MEC What does MEC stands?

    Minimum Effective Concentration

  • 69

    What G enzyme can activate Adenylyl cyclase

    Gs

  • 70

    What G enzyme can inhibit Adenylyl cyclase

    Gi

  • 71

    What G enzyme can activate Phospholipase C (PLC)

    Gq

  • 72

    Gq

    alpha 1

  • 73

    Gi

    alpha 2

  • 74

    Gs

    beta 1, beta 2, beta 3

  • 75

    Gq

    M1, M3, M5

  • 76

    Gi

    M2, M4

  • 77

    What are the result of 2nd messengers after activating alpha 1 receptors

    IP3, DAG

  • 78

    What are the result of 2nd messengers after inhibiting alpha 2 receptors

    decreased cAMP

  • 79

    What are the result of 2nd messengers after activating beta 1,2 and 3 receptors

    increased cAMP

  • 80

    Target organs of alpha 1 receptors

    Blood Vessel

  • 81

    Target organs of alpha 2 receptors

    CNS and PNS

  • 82

    Target organs of beta 1 receptors

    Heart

  • 83

    Target organs of beta 2 receptors

    Lungs

  • 84

    Target organs of beta 3 receptors

    Bladder

  • 85

    Activation of alpha 1 will result to

    Contraction

  • 86

    What will be the effect in CENTRAL Nervous System if alpha 2 is inhibited?

    Vasodilation

  • 87

    Activation of beta 1 will result to

    Increased Cardiac Activity

  • 88

    Activation of beta 2 will result to

    Bronchodilation

  • 89

    What will be the effect in PERIPHERAL Nervous System if alpha 2 is inhibited?

    Vasoconstriction

  • 90

    Activation of beta 3 will result to

    Urinary Retention

  • 91

    This drugs target the alpha 1 receptors

    Phenyleprine

  • 92

    This drugs target the alpha 2 receptors

    Clonidine and Brimonidine

  • 93

    This drugs target the beta 1 receptors

    Dobutamine

  • 94

    This drugs target the beta 2 receptors

    SABA and LABA

  • 95

    This drugs target the beta 3 receptors

    Mirabegron

  • 96

    ADJUNCT drugs for Diabetes Mellitus

    Glitazone

  • 97

    PPAR-alpha

    Fibrates

  • 98

    PPAR-gamma

    Glitazone

  • 99

    The activity of the receptor in the ABSENCE of a drug (ligand) is called:

    Constitutive activity

  • 100

    The activity of the receptor in the ABSENCE of a drug (ligand) is called:

    Basal activity

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    What kinetic order is shown in the diagram

    First-order kinetics

  • 2

    What kinetic order is shown in the diagram

    Zero-order kinetics

  • 3

    First-order kinetics The half-life is the same regardless of the plasma concentration

    True

  • 4

    First-order kinetics The drug is distributed to ONLY 1 compartment outside the vascular s

    False

  • 5

    First-order kinetics Rate of elimination is proportional to the rate of administration at ALL TIMES

    False

  • 6

    Drug metabolism happens in most cases, to convert the drug to a compound that is______. I. More polar II. More nonpolar III. More lipid-soluble IV. More water-soluble

    I and IV

  • 7

    Pharmacokinetic variations in Drug Metabolizing Enzymes (DME) are considered “significant if” _______. I. Active metabolites are formed II. The drug has a very “wide margin of safety” III. Parent drug is a prodrug that requires activation by the DME

    I and III

  • 8

    What is the order of reaction in which the concentration of a drug is decreasing at a rate that is proportional to the concentration of the drug remaining?

    First

  • 9

    Which of the following are the reasons for formulating prodrugs? I. Improve bioavailability of the drug II. Develop cheaper therapeutic alternative III. Promotes site-specific delivery of the drug

    I, II and III

  • 10

    A drug was withdrawn from the market due to reports of cardiac arrhythmia caused by unusually high level of the said drug. Which of the following BEST explains this effect?

    Intake of drugs that inhibit it metabolism

  • 11

    What is the order of the reaction if the concentration of a drug is decreasing at a rate that is proportional to the concentration of the drug remaining?

    First-order kinetics

  • 12

    Which of the following refers to the kinetic orders that distinguishes the elimination of ethanol from the elimination of most other drugs?

    Zero-order elimination

  • 13

    Drugs Terfenadine was withdrawn due to toxicity, ____ was the replacement for Terfenadine

    Fexonadine

  • 14

    MEASURE the FILTERING capacity of GLOMERULUS.

    Inulin clearance

  • 15

    gold standard for measuring GFR

    Inulin clearance

  • 16

    more COMMON procedure used to ESTIMATE the GFR.

    Creatinine clearance

  • 17

    Clearance _____ of plasma that is cleared per unit ____

    volume per time

  • 18

    Clearance Increased clearance = _______ activity

    decreased

  • 19

    Clearance Decreased clearance = _______ toxicity

    inceased

  • 20

    Clearance if the patient has increased clearance, what should be done to achieve the target concentration? Give _______ dose

    higher

  • 21

    This antibiotic can inhibit Tubular Secretion given in a LOW dose

    Probenecid

  • 22

    Antibiotic Probenecid given at LOWER DOSE can inhibit:

    Tubular secretion

  • 23

    Antibiotic Probenecid given at HIGHER DOSE can inhibit:

    Tubular reabsorption

  • 24

    Weak acids = more ___________ in the urine. Which will result to ______

    unionized; increase reabsorp

  • 25

    What pharmacologic activity is Ion Trapping

    Chemical Activity

  • 26

    The principle involved in urinary pH manipulation to inhibit toxin reabsorption across the renal tubular membranes.

    Ion trapping

  • 27

    Which of the following would be the implication if the drug has an increased clearance in a patient?

    A higher dose is needed to achieve the target concentration.

  • 28

    If the enzyme capacity in newborns and infants is reduced, what possible effects would this have on the clearance and elimination half-life of drugs?

    decrease in clearance and increase in elimination half-life.

  • 29

    Which of the following statements is/are TRUE regarding weakly acidic drugs in an alkaline urine? I. Weakly acidic drugs in alkaline media will exist primarily in its ionized form, which cannot be reabsorbed easily. II. Weakly acidic drugs in alkaline media will exist primarily in its lipophilic form, which cannot be reabsorbed easily. III. Weakly acidic alkaline media will exist primarily in its nonpolar form, which cannot be reabsorbed easily.

    I

  • 30

    The following are TRUE regarding significant organ impairment on pharmacokinetic variables EXCEPT________.

    Renal impairment increases clearance for drugs primarily dependent on the kidney for elimination

  • 31

    The renal clearance of inulin is used as a measurement of ________.

    Glomerular filtration rate

  • 32

    What percent of drug is removed per hour if the elimination rate constant is 0.25/hr?

    25 %

  • 33

    Which of the following factors can contribute to a longer duration of a drug? I. Decreased protein binding II. Greater tubular reabsorption III. Reduced polarity

    II and II

  • 34

    A study was carried out in isolated, perfused animal hearts. In the absence of other drugs, pindolol, a β-adrenoceptor ligand, caused an increase in heart rate. In the presence of highly effective β stimulants, however, pindolol caused a dose-dependent, reversible decrease in heart rate. Which of the following expressions best describes pindolol?

    A partial agonist

  • 35

    Pindolol is a/an

    Intrinsic Symphamimetic Activity

  • 36

    Also known as Allosteric Antagonism

    Non-Competitive Antagonism

  • 37

    Activation of INDEPENDENT/DIFFERENT receptor resulting to opposite effect

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 38

    Also known as Funtional Antagonism

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 39

    Acetylcholine + Epinephrine

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 40

    Histamine + Epinephrine

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 41

    Glucagon + Propranolol

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 42

    Cyanide + sodium thiosulfate

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 43

    HCl + Antacid

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 44

    Heparin + Protamine SO4

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 45

    BAL + Arsenic

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 46

    ASA + COX

    Pharmacologic Antagonism

  • 47

    Digibind + Digoxin

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 48

    Pancuronium + Sugammadex

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 49

    True/False R is more effective than S.

    False

  • 50

    True/False T is less effective than R & S.

    True

  • 51

    True/False R is more potent than S.

    True

  • 52

    True/False T is a partial agonist

    True

  • 53

    True/False R & S are full agonists

    True

  • 54

    Letter A (Color Purple) represents Full agonist + competitive antagonist result. Compare the potency and efficacy of Blue (Full Agonist) and Purple (FA + CA)

    Potency decreases, Efficacy stays the same

  • 55

    Letter B (Color Black) represents Full agonist + NON-competitive antagonist result. Compare the potency and efficacy of Blue (Full Agonist) and Black (FA + NCA)

    Potency decreases, Efficacy decreases

  • 56

    Letter A (Color Purple) represents Full agonist + competitive antagonist result. Describe the movement shift of Purple’s Potency and Efficacy

    Potency: Right Shift, Efficacy: No changes

  • 57

    Letter B (Color Black) represents Full agonist + NON-competitive antagonist result. Describe the movement shift of Black’s Potency and Efficacy

    Potency: Right Shift, Efficacy: Down Shift

  • 58

    Therapeutic Index =

    Median Toxic Dose divided by Median Effective Dose

  • 59

    NARROW Therapeutoc Index indicates

    Drug is less safe

  • 60

    HIGHER Therapeutoc Index indicates

    Drug is safe

  • 61

    Which drug is less safety

    0.01

  • 62

    Measurement of RELATIVE safety

    Therapeutic index

  • 63

    This is the Ratio of TD50 and ED50

    Therapeutic index

  • 64

    Measurement of CLINICAL safety

    Therapeutic window

  • 65

    also known as Therapeutic window

    Therapeutic range

  • 66

    Concentration range of drug in plasma where the drug shows therapeuric without causing toxic effects in MOST people

    Therapeutic window

  • 67

    Letter A Represents MTC Letter B Represents MEC What does MTC stands?

    Minimum Toxic Concentration

  • 68

    Letter A Represents MTC Letter B Represents MEC What does MEC stands?

    Minimum Effective Concentration

  • 69

    What G enzyme can activate Adenylyl cyclase

    Gs

  • 70

    What G enzyme can inhibit Adenylyl cyclase

    Gi

  • 71

    What G enzyme can activate Phospholipase C (PLC)

    Gq

  • 72

    Gq

    alpha 1

  • 73

    Gi

    alpha 2

  • 74

    Gs

    beta 1, beta 2, beta 3

  • 75

    Gq

    M1, M3, M5

  • 76

    Gi

    M2, M4

  • 77

    What are the result of 2nd messengers after activating alpha 1 receptors

    IP3, DAG

  • 78

    What are the result of 2nd messengers after inhibiting alpha 2 receptors

    decreased cAMP

  • 79

    What are the result of 2nd messengers after activating beta 1,2 and 3 receptors

    increased cAMP

  • 80

    Target organs of alpha 1 receptors

    Blood Vessel

  • 81

    Target organs of alpha 2 receptors

    CNS and PNS

  • 82

    Target organs of beta 1 receptors

    Heart

  • 83

    Target organs of beta 2 receptors

    Lungs

  • 84

    Target organs of beta 3 receptors

    Bladder

  • 85

    Activation of alpha 1 will result to

    Contraction

  • 86

    What will be the effect in CENTRAL Nervous System if alpha 2 is inhibited?

    Vasodilation

  • 87

    Activation of beta 1 will result to

    Increased Cardiac Activity

  • 88

    Activation of beta 2 will result to

    Bronchodilation

  • 89

    What will be the effect in PERIPHERAL Nervous System if alpha 2 is inhibited?

    Vasoconstriction

  • 90

    Activation of beta 3 will result to

    Urinary Retention

  • 91

    This drugs target the alpha 1 receptors

    Phenyleprine

  • 92

    This drugs target the alpha 2 receptors

    Clonidine and Brimonidine

  • 93

    This drugs target the beta 1 receptors

    Dobutamine

  • 94

    This drugs target the beta 2 receptors

    SABA and LABA

  • 95

    This drugs target the beta 3 receptors

    Mirabegron

  • 96

    ADJUNCT drugs for Diabetes Mellitus

    Glitazone

  • 97

    PPAR-alpha

    Fibrates

  • 98

    PPAR-gamma

    Glitazone

  • 99

    The activity of the receptor in the ABSENCE of a drug (ligand) is called:

    Constitutive activity

  • 100

    The activity of the receptor in the ABSENCE of a drug (ligand) is called:

    Basal activity