Module 3 Rationales

100問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

通報

問題一覧

Partial Agonist • Buspirone

5-HT1A

Serotonin Partial Agonists • Sumatriptan • Naratriptan • Zolmitriptan

5-HT1B/1D

Full Agonists • Ergotamine • Ergonovine • DHEA

5-HT2A

Full Agonist • Lorcaserin

5-HT2C

Partial Agonists • Tegaserod • Cisapride • Full Agonist • Prucalopride

5-HT4

• Ketanserin • Ritanserin

5-HT2

Ondansetron • Granisetron • Ramasetron • Palonosetron

5-HT3

Anxiety, depression

Buspirone

Migraine, cluster headache

Sumatriptan / Naratriptan /Zolmitriptan

Obesity

Lorcaserin

Hypertension

Ketanserin / Ritanserin

Chemo-induced nausea and vomiting

Ondansetron / Granisetron /Ramasetron / Palonosetron

*Incomplete solution *Precipitation *Liquefaction

PHYSICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES

*Polymorphism *Sorption *Volatilization *Loss of water

PHYSICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES

*Redox *Hydrolysis *Acid-base reaction *Racemization

CHEMICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES

*Optical isomerism *Solvolysis *Explosive mixture

CHEMICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES

*Photooxidative degradation *Gelatinization *Cementation

CHEMICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES

1 + 1 = 2

ADDITIVE

Sum of the effects of each drug used individually is higher than the effect of drug alone

ADDITIVE

1 + 1 = 3

SYNERGISTIC

Enhanced efficacy of the combination

SYNERGISTIC

1 + 0 = 2 or 1 + 0 > 2

POTENTIATION

One drug has no effect on its own but increases the effect of the other

POTENTIATION

1 + 1 = 0

ANTAGONISTIC (Non-beneficial)

Effect of one drug is decreased or suppressed by another drug

ANTAGONISTIC (Non-beneficial)

Psidium guajava

Bayabas

Astringent

Bayabas

Momordica charantia

Ampalaya

Antidiabetic

Ampalaya

Allium sativum

Bawang

Anti-dyslipidemia

Bawang

Cinopodium douglasii

Yerba Buena

Analgesic

Yerba Buena

Peperomia pellucida

Pansit-pansitan

Antigout

Pansit-pansitan

Vitex negundo

Lagundi

Cough

Lagundi

Cassia alata

Akapulko

Antifungal

Cassia alata

Quisqualis indica L.

Niyog-niyogan

Anthelmintic

Niyog-niyogan

Situation in which the pharmacologic effects of one drug are altered by prior or concurrent administration of another substance

Drug Interaction

Affected by the interaction

Object Drug

Caused the interaction

Precipitant Drug

Barbiturates (Thiopental) Dissociative (Ketamine)

Opioid IV

Opioids (Fentanyl) Benzodiazepines (Midazolam)

Opioid IV

Miscellaneous (Etomidate, Propofol)

Opioid IV

Gas (Nitrous Oxide) Volatile Liquids (Halothane)

Opioid Inhaled

HMG-CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS S/E Monitor serum transaminase levels

Liver

HMG-CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS S/E Myopathy, rhabdomyolysis

Muscle

HMG-CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS S/E Monitor plasma creatine kinase levels

Muscle

HMG-CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS S/E Contraindicated during pregnancy and in nursing mothers

Teratogenic

(Extra Pyrymidal Syndrome Manifestations) Uncontrolled restlessness Most difficult to treat

Akathisia

(Extra Pyrymidal Syndrome Manifestations) Only EPS that is NOT treated with anticholinergics

Akathisia

Treatment for Akathisia

BZD / Propranolol

(Extra Pyrymidal Syndrome Manifestations) Aka Retrocollis, Torticollis, Twisting of neck

Dystonia

(Extra Pyrymidal Syndrome Manifestations) *1st EPS seen *Easier to treat but can be fatal

Dystonia

Treatment for Dystonia

IV Diphenhydramine / CNS Anticholinergics

Treatment for Extra Pyrymidal Syndrome

BZD / Propranolol

Warfarin (anticoagulant) + Ginseng (anticoagulant)

additive

Provides the most current information Ex. Journal Articles

Primary Literature

For selective and quick screening or primary literature Ex. Abstracting and Indexing Services

Secondary Literature

For easy and convenient access *Info may be outdated Ex. Textbooks

Tertiary Literature

<0.9% NaCl

Hypotonic

0.9% NaCl

Isotonic

> 0.9% NaCl

Hypertonic

Removal of cholesterol from tissues outside the liver

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

Endogenous cholesterol transport

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

Endogenous cholesterol transport, triglyceride transport

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

Endogenous triglyceride transport

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

Study of genetic variations that influence individuals’ responses to drugs, examines polymorphisms that code for drug transporters, drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug receptors

Pharmacogenetic

Genome-wide analysis of genetic determinants of drug efficacy and toxicity

Pharmacogenomics

Valproic Acid

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Grapefruit Juice

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Omeprazole

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Acute Alcoholism

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Ritonavir

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Ketoconazole

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Macrolide (except Azithromycin)

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Cimetidine

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Isoniazid

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Metronidazole

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Disulfiram

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Amiodarone

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Amiodarone

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Phenytoin

ENZYME INDUCERS

Phenobarbital

ENZYME INDUCERS

Rifampicin

ENZYME INDUCERS

Carbamazepine

ENZYME INDUCERS

Chronic alcoholism

ENZYME INDUCERS

Smoking

ENZYME INDUCERS

St. John’s Wort

ENZYME INDUCERS

Increase enzyme = Increase Metabolism = Decrease Object Drug

ENZYME INDUCERS

Decrease enzyme = Decrease Metabolism = Increase Object Drug

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Statement regarding the conditions wherein the use of the drug product may cause harm to the patient

Contraindication

Istruction and the special care required in the use of the drug product to avoid undesired effects and to ensure its safe and effective use

Precaution

Statements regarding the occurrence of potential hazards and undesirable effects associated with the use of the drug product and the limitation of its use

Warning

CCBs

-dipines

H2 blocker

-tidines

100

ACEi

-prils

Module 2 Part 1

Module 2 Part 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 2

Module 2

Antibiotics

Antibiotics

Module 2 Part 2

Module 2 Part 2

Module 2 (Part 2)

Module 2 (Part 2)

Module 2 Part 3

Module 2 Part 3

Module 4

Module 4

Module 4 Part 2

Module 4 Part 2

Module 4 Part 3

Module 4 Part 3

Module 2 (Part 4)

Module 2 (Part 4)

Randome Questions

Randome Questions

Module 2 (Part 5)

Module 2 (Part 5)

Module 2 (Part 6)

Module 2 (Part 6)

Module 4 Part 1

Module 4 Part 1

BCS

BCS

Routes of Administration

ユーザ名非公開 · 79問 · 1年前

Routes of Administration

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics

Enzyme Inducers and Enzyme Inhibitors

ユーザ名非公開 · 25問 · 1年前

Enzyme Inducers and Enzyme Inhibitors

25問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

Metabolism and Excretion

ユーザ名非公開 · 31問 · 1年前

Metabolism and Excretion

PHARMACODYNAMICS

PHARMACODYNAMICS

Ramdom

Ramdom

A. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Drugs

ユーザ名非公開 · 43問 · 1年前

A. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Drugs

Module 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 2

Module 2

Module 3

Module 3

Module 2

Module 2

Module 3

Module 3

Terms

Terms

Module 3 Rationales

Module 3 Rationales

Excipients

Excipients

Module 4

Module 4

Flavors,Sweeteners, and Colors

ユーザ名非公開 · 17問 · 1年前

Flavors,Sweeteners, and Colors

Module 5

Module 5

Anti Glaucoma

Anti Glaucoma

B. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Blockers — Anti Cholinergic Agents

ユーザ名非公開 · 20問 · 1年前

B. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Blockers — Anti Cholinergic Agents

20問 • 1年前

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C. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs

ユーザ名非公開 · 80問 · 1年前

C. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs

80問 • 1年前

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D. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) BLOCKERS

ユーザ名非公開 · 15問 · 1年前

D. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) BLOCKERS

15問 • 1年前

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E. Nicotinic Receptor Blockers

ユーザ名非公開 · 30問 · 1年前

E. Nicotinic Receptor Blockers

30問 • 1年前

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F. Central Muscle Relaxants (or Spasmolytic agents)

ユーザ名非公開 · 19問 · 1年前

F. Central Muscle Relaxants (or Spasmolytic agents)

Rationale Quiz 1.0

Rationale Quiz 1.0

A. Anxiolytic Agents

A. Anxiolytic Agents

B.1 Drugs for Depression

ユーザ名非公開 · 29問 · 1年前

B.1 Drugs for Depression

29問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

B.2 Drugs for Mania / Bipolar Disorder

ユーザ名非公開 · 15問 · 1年前

B.2 Drugs for Mania / Bipolar Disorder

15問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

C. Drugs for Psychoses - Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics

ユーザ名非公開 · 44問 · 1年前

C. Drugs for Psychoses - Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics

44問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

D. Drugs for Seizure Disorders

ユーザ名非公開 · 36問 · 1年前

D. Drugs for Seizure Disorders

36問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

E. General Anesthetics

ユーザ名非公開 · 32問 · 1年前

E. General Anesthetics

32問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

G. Anti-Parkinson Drugs

ユーザ名非公開 · 26問 · 1年前

G. Anti-Parkinson Drugs

26問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

H. Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease

ユーザ名非公開 · 6問 · 1年前

H. Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease

Rationale Quiz 2

Rationale Quiz 2

1. Diuretics

1. Diuretics

2. Angiotensin Blockers

ユーザ名非公開 · 12問 · 1年前

2. Angiotensin Blockers

12問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

3 and 4. CCBs: Non-dihydropyridines and Vasodilators

ユーザ名非公開 · 20問 · 1年前

3 and 4. CCBs: Non-dihydropyridines and Vasodilators

Module 2

Module 2

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics

Drug Classes

Drug Classes

MOA

MOA

5. Sympatholytics

5. Sympatholytics

B. Drugs for Heart Failure

ユーザ名非公開 · 6問 · 1年前

B. Drugs for Heart Failure

6問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

C. Drugs for Arrhythmia

ユーザ名非公開 · 36問 · 1年前

C. Drugs for Arrhythmia

36問 • 1年前

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D. Drugs for Hyperlipidemia

ユーザ名非公開 · 11問 · 1年前

D. Drugs for Hyperlipidemia

E. Angina Pectoris

E. Angina Pectoris

F. Thrombotic Disorders

ユーザ名非公開 · 50問 · 1年前

F. Thrombotic Disorders

Antidotes

Antidotes

Deficiencies

Deficiencies

A. Growth Hormones

A. Growth Hormones

B. Adrenal Steroids

B. Adrenal Steroids

C. GnRH, FSH & LH & Sex Hormones

ユーザ名非公開 · 45問 · 1年前

C. GnRH, FSH & LH & Sex Hormones

D. Thyroid Hormones

D. Thyroid Hormones

E. Diabetes Mellitus

E. Diabetes Mellitus

F. Drugs for osteoporosis

ユーザ名非公開 · 21問 · 1年前

F. Drugs for osteoporosis

Rationale Quiz

Rationale Quiz

A. Asthma

A. Asthma

B. Allergic Rhinitis

B. Allergic Rhinitis

問題一覧

Partial Agonist • Buspirone

5-HT1A

Serotonin Partial Agonists • Sumatriptan • Naratriptan • Zolmitriptan

5-HT1B/1D

Full Agonists • Ergotamine • Ergonovine • DHEA

5-HT2A

Full Agonist • Lorcaserin

5-HT2C

Partial Agonists • Tegaserod • Cisapride • Full Agonist • Prucalopride

5-HT4

• Ketanserin • Ritanserin

5-HT2

Ondansetron • Granisetron • Ramasetron • Palonosetron

5-HT3

Anxiety, depression

Buspirone

Migraine, cluster headache

Sumatriptan / Naratriptan /Zolmitriptan

Obesity

Lorcaserin

Hypertension

Ketanserin / Ritanserin

Chemo-induced nausea and vomiting

Ondansetron / Granisetron /Ramasetron / Palonosetron

*Incomplete solution *Precipitation *Liquefaction

PHYSICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES

*Polymorphism *Sorption *Volatilization *Loss of water

PHYSICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES

*Redox *Hydrolysis *Acid-base reaction *Racemization

CHEMICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES

*Optical isomerism *Solvolysis *Explosive mixture

CHEMICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES

*Photooxidative degradation *Gelatinization *Cementation

CHEMICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES

1 + 1 = 2

ADDITIVE

Sum of the effects of each drug used individually is higher than the effect of drug alone

ADDITIVE

1 + 1 = 3

SYNERGISTIC

Enhanced efficacy of the combination

SYNERGISTIC

1 + 0 = 2 or 1 + 0 > 2

POTENTIATION

One drug has no effect on its own but increases the effect of the other

POTENTIATION

1 + 1 = 0

ANTAGONISTIC (Non-beneficial)

Effect of one drug is decreased or suppressed by another drug

ANTAGONISTIC (Non-beneficial)

Psidium guajava

Bayabas

Astringent

Bayabas

Momordica charantia

Ampalaya

Antidiabetic

Ampalaya

Allium sativum

Bawang

Anti-dyslipidemia

Bawang

Cinopodium douglasii

Yerba Buena

Analgesic

Yerba Buena

Peperomia pellucida

Pansit-pansitan

Antigout

Pansit-pansitan

Vitex negundo

Lagundi

Cough

Lagundi

Cassia alata

Akapulko

Antifungal

Cassia alata

Quisqualis indica L.

Niyog-niyogan

Anthelmintic

Niyog-niyogan

Situation in which the pharmacologic effects of one drug are altered by prior or concurrent administration of another substance

Drug Interaction

Affected by the interaction

Object Drug

Caused the interaction

Precipitant Drug

Barbiturates (Thiopental) Dissociative (Ketamine)

Opioid IV

Opioids (Fentanyl) Benzodiazepines (Midazolam)

Opioid IV

Miscellaneous (Etomidate, Propofol)

Opioid IV

Gas (Nitrous Oxide) Volatile Liquids (Halothane)

Opioid Inhaled

HMG-CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS S/E Monitor serum transaminase levels

Liver

HMG-CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS S/E Myopathy, rhabdomyolysis

Muscle

HMG-CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS S/E Monitor plasma creatine kinase levels

Muscle

HMG-CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS S/E Contraindicated during pregnancy and in nursing mothers

Teratogenic

(Extra Pyrymidal Syndrome Manifestations) Uncontrolled restlessness Most difficult to treat

Akathisia

(Extra Pyrymidal Syndrome Manifestations) Only EPS that is NOT treated with anticholinergics

Akathisia

Treatment for Akathisia

BZD / Propranolol

(Extra Pyrymidal Syndrome Manifestations) Aka Retrocollis, Torticollis, Twisting of neck

Dystonia

(Extra Pyrymidal Syndrome Manifestations) *1st EPS seen *Easier to treat but can be fatal

Dystonia

Treatment for Dystonia

IV Diphenhydramine / CNS Anticholinergics

Treatment for Extra Pyrymidal Syndrome

BZD / Propranolol

Warfarin (anticoagulant) + Ginseng (anticoagulant)

additive

Provides the most current information Ex. Journal Articles

Primary Literature

For selective and quick screening or primary literature Ex. Abstracting and Indexing Services

Secondary Literature

For easy and convenient access *Info may be outdated Ex. Textbooks

Tertiary Literature

<0.9% NaCl

Hypotonic

0.9% NaCl

Isotonic

> 0.9% NaCl

Hypertonic

Removal of cholesterol from tissues outside the liver

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

Endogenous cholesterol transport

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

Endogenous cholesterol transport, triglyceride transport

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

Endogenous triglyceride transport

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

Study of genetic variations that influence individuals’ responses to drugs, examines polymorphisms that code for drug transporters, drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug receptors

Pharmacogenetic

Genome-wide analysis of genetic determinants of drug efficacy and toxicity

Pharmacogenomics

Valproic Acid

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Grapefruit Juice

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Omeprazole

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Acute Alcoholism

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Ritonavir

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Ketoconazole

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Macrolide (except Azithromycin)

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Cimetidine

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Isoniazid

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Metronidazole

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Disulfiram

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Amiodarone

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Amiodarone

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Phenytoin

ENZYME INDUCERS

Phenobarbital

ENZYME INDUCERS

Rifampicin

ENZYME INDUCERS

Carbamazepine

ENZYME INDUCERS

Chronic alcoholism

ENZYME INDUCERS

Smoking

ENZYME INDUCERS

St. John’s Wort

ENZYME INDUCERS

Increase enzyme = Increase Metabolism = Decrease Object Drug

ENZYME INDUCERS

Decrease enzyme = Decrease Metabolism = Increase Object Drug

ENZYME INHIBITORS

Statement regarding the conditions wherein the use of the drug product may cause harm to the patient

Contraindication

Istruction and the special care required in the use of the drug product to avoid undesired effects and to ensure its safe and effective use

Precaution

Statements regarding the occurrence of potential hazards and undesirable effects associated with the use of the drug product and the limitation of its use

Warning

CCBs

-dipines

H2 blocker

-tidines

100

ACEi

-prils