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100問 • 1年前

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Given the graph below: Which of the following drug is the most effective? I. Drug X II. Drug Y III.Drug Z

I, III

Four identical animals were treated with mg doses of the following toxins. (refer to the choices below with their corresponding LD50), Which would most likely cause death to the animals?

Drug A

A 45-year-old woman with Heart Failure is to be treated with a Loop diuretic. Drug A in a dose of 10 mg produces the same decrease in blood pressure as 200 mg of Drug B. Which of the following statements best describes these results?

Drug A is about 20x times more potent than Drug B

Sugammadex is a new drug that reverses the action of rocuronium and certain other skeletal muscle-relaxing agents (nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents). It appears to interact directly with the rocuronium molecule. Which of the following terms best describes sugammadex?

Chemical antagonist

Which of the following pairs of Pharmacodynamic Interaction is/are correct: i. Alcohol + Diphenhydramine: Addition ii. Sulfadoxine + Pyrimethamine: Synergistic iii. Histamine + Epinephrine: Potentiation

I, II

In the presence of pentazocine, a higher concentration of morphine is required to elicit full pain relief. Pentazocine by itself has a smaller analgesic effect than does morphine, even at the highest dose. Which of the following is correct regarding these medications?

Morphine is a full agonist, and pentazocine is a partial agonist.

Which of the following receptors are coupled with Gi proteins? I. M1 II. Alpha 2 III. Beta 1 IV. M2

II, IV

A 3-year-old is brought to the emergency department having just ingested a large overdose of tolbutamide, an oral antidiabetic weak acidic drug. On physical examination, the heart rate is 100/min, blood pressure 90/50 mm Hg, and respiratory rate 20/min. Which of the following statements about this case of tolbutamide overdose is most correct?

Urinary excretion would be accelerated by giving NaHCO3, an alkalinizing agent

Patients with Stage 4 CKD (chronic kidney disease) have a Glomerular Filtration Rate of around 15-29 mL/min. Which of the following statements is/are true related to this? I. Increasing the dose of the drug will be beneficial to the patient. II. Decreasing the dose of the drug will be beneficial to the patient. III. These patients have a higher renal clearance compared to patients with normal kidney function. IV. These patients have a lower renal clearance compared to patients with normal kidney function.

II, IV

Ms Ortega, a 45-year-old woman with pneumonia, was given tobramycin, 150 mg, intravenously. After 20 minutes, the plasma concentration was measured and was found to be 3 mg/L. Assuming no elimination of the drug in 20 minutes, what is the apparent volume of distribution of tobramycin in Ms. Ortega?

50 L

St John’s Wort, a popular botanical remedy, used as antidepressant. Verapamil and phenytoin are both eliminated from the body by metabolism in the liver. Based on this fact, which of the following statements is correct when the St John’s Wort is combined to these two medications?

St John’s Wort will increase the clearance of phenytoin and verapamil.

Which of the following cytochrome isoforms is responsible for metabolizing the largest number of drugs?

CYP3A4

In adrenergic transmission: Which of the following blocks the process of “x”

Metyrosine

In cholinergic transmission: Which of the following blocks the process of “z”

Cocaine

Actions and clinical uses of muscarinic cholinoceptor agonists include which one of the following?

Miosis (treatment of glaucoma)

Which of the following is a direct-acting cholinomimetic that is lipid-soluble and is used to facilitate smoking cessation?

Varenicline

Which of the following indirect-acting cholinomimetics are indicated for Alzheimer’s Disease: i. Sarin ii. Tacrine iii. Galantamine

II, III

The following drugs falls under the class of sympathomimetics: i. Oxymetazoline ii. Terbutaline iii. Amphetamine

I, II, III

Which of the following agents is indicated to suppress premature labor?

Ritodrine

A 49-year-old man has a high blood pressure and an enlarged prostate, which biopsy shows to be benign prostatic hyperplasia. He complains about urinary retention. Which of the following drugs would be the most appropriate initial therapy?

Prazosin

Which of the following are TRUE? I. Adrenergic agonist increases peristalsis II. Adrenergic agonist decreases peristalsis III. Cholinergic agonist increases peristalsis IV. Cholinergic agonist decreases peristalsis

II and III

Which of the following B-Blockers have a Local Anesthetic Activity: i. Atenolol ii. Labetalol iii. Metoprolol

II, III

Head and neck irradiation in cancer patients can decrease salivary secretion and cause dry mouth. All of the following drugs or classes of drugs are theoretically useful in improving secretion of saliva in these patients except:

Muscarinic antagonists.

A patient was administered a neuromuscular blocker (NMB) prior to a surgical procedure to produce skeletal muscle paralysis. This NMB drug caused initial skeletal muscle fasciculations before the onset of paralysis. Which of the following neuromuscular blockers was most likely administered to this patient?

Succinylcholine

The following agents act as vasodilators, except:

Reserpine

Which of the following drug inhibits Renin?

Aliskiren

The following agents are indicated for Angina: i. Ranolazine iii. Diltiazem ii. Propranolol iv. Digoxin

I, II, III

Certain drugs can cause severe hypotension when combined with nitrates. Which of the following interacts with nitroglycerin by inhibiting the metabolism of cGMP?

Sildenafil

Which one of the following drugs is associated with clinically useful or physiologically important positive inotropic effect in treating Heart Failure?

Dobutamine

Which of the following diuretics would be most useful in the acute treatment of a comatose patient with traumatic brain injury and cerebral edema?

Mannitol

Which of the following agents blocks the epithelial sodium channel and acts as a diuretic?

Triamterene

Which of the following drugs accelerates the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin?

Streptokinase

A patient underwent a percutaneous coronary angiography procedure and placement of a stent in a coronary blood vessel. After the said operation, he needs to be on dual antiplatelet therapy. eg, aspirin and clopidogrel for at least a year. Which of the following most accurately describes the mechanism of action of clopidogrel?

The active metabolite of clopidogrel binds to the platelet ADP receptors

Which one of the following drugs decreases cholesterol synthesis by activating the PPAR-α?

Gemfibrozil

A 58-year-old female reports that she recently stopped taking her blood pressure medications because of swelling in her feet that began shortly after she started treatment. Which is most likely to cause peripheral edema?

Felodipine

A male patient is placed on a new medication and notes that his breasts have become enlarged and tender to the touch. Which medication is he most likely taking?

Spironolactone

JJ is a 62-year-old female with hyperlipidemia and hypothyroidism. Her current medications include cholestyramine and levothyroxine (thyroid hormone). What advice would you give to WW to avoid a drug interaction between her cholestyramine and levothyroxine?

Take levothyroxine 1 hour before cholestyramine on an empty stomach.

Which of the following statements is/are correct? i. Alprazolam binds with GABAA and increases the duration of opening of the Chloride Channel. ii. Thiopental binds with GABAA and increases the frequency of opening of the Chloride Channel. iii. Zolpidem is indicated for patients with sleep disorders.

III only

A 7-year-old child is having learning difficulties at school. He has brief lapses of awareness with eyelid fluttering that occur every 4–8 min. Which drug would be effective in this child without the disadvantages of excessive sedation or tolerance development?

Ethosuximide

The following are the general mechanism of action in treating seizures: i. Inhibiting Na Channel ii. Increase glutamate release iii. Enhance GABA response

I, III

Which of the following anesthetics are administered intravenously: i. Propofol iii. Thiopental ii. Etomidate iv. Midazolam

I, II, III, IV

Which of the following agents can induce Malignant Hyperthermia? i. Halothane iii. Tubocurarine ii. Succinylcholine

I, II, III

Which of the following drugs is the most effective in the emergency management of malignant hyperthermia?

Dantrolene

Tolcapone may be of value in patients being treated with levodopa-carbidopa because it

Decreases the formation of 3-O-methyldopa

Which of the following anti-psychotic agents block dopamine more compared to serotonin? i. Thioridazine ii. Quetiapine iii. Risperidone

I only

Which of the following drug is indicated for patient suffering from Major Depression and Chronic Pain?

Duloxetine

Which of the following is an ergot derivative that is used in the treatment of idiopathic parkinsonism?

Bromocriptine

A 40-year-old patient is about to undergo cancer chemotherapy with a highly emetogenic drug combination. The antiemetic drug most likely to be included in her regimen is

Ondansetron

Which of the following drug is indicated as an over-the-counter sleeping aid?

Diphenhydramine

This drug is indicated as topical treatment of glaucoma:

Latanoprost

Which of the following are autacoids?

Histamine, Serotonin, Eicosanoids, Bradykinin

Which of the following in its parenteral form is life-saving in severe status asthmaticus and acts, at least in part, by inhibiting phospholipase A2?

Prednisone

Which of the following drugs does not have a direct bronchodilator effect?

Prednisone

The following are asthma inflammation "controllers" EXCEPT

Inhaled short-acting beta-agonist

A form anemia resulting from deficiency of intrinsic factor, a protein produced by gastric mucosal cells and required for intestinal absorption of vitamin B12.

Pernicious Anemia

The following are the manifestation of Vitamin B12 deficiency: i. Neurologic Effects ii. Burning feet sensation iii. Pernicious Anemia

I, II, III

In a patient who requires filgrastim (G-CSF) after being treated with anticancer drugs, the therapeutic goal is to prevent which of the following?

Systemic infection

Which of the following is most likely to be required by a 5-year-old boy with chronic renal insufficiency?

Erythropoietin

A 45-year-old woman presented with signs and symptoms consistent with an early stage of rheumatoid arthritis. The decision was made to initiate NSAID therapy. Which of the following patient characteristics is the most compelling reason for avoiding celecoxib in the treatment of her arthritis?

History of myocardial infarction

The following are the effects of Opioids: i. Miosis ii. Diarrhea iii. Sedation iv. Nausea and Vomiting

I, III, IV

Which of the following agents for Gout could decrease the level of Uric Acid? i. Rasburicase iii. Colchicine ii. Febuxostat

I, II

A 14-month-old boy dies from an accidental overdose of acetaminophen. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient’s death?

Liver failure

The following are the usual toxicity associated with Aspirin: i. Nephritis ii. Hypersensitivity iii. Reye’s Syndrome

I, II, III

The following are drugs indicated for Rheumatoid Arthritis, except:

None of the Above

Which of the following agents falls under Opioid Partial Agonist? i. Codeine ii. Buprenorphine iii. Meperidine

II only

A 27-year-old woman in her 42nd week of gestation had been in labor for 10 hours. Although her uterine contractions had been strong and regular initially, they had diminished in force during the past hour. Which of the following agents would be used to facilitate this woman’s labor and delivery?

Oxytocin

A 35-year-old man exhibited signs and symptoms of acromegaly with large pituitary tumor. Surgical treatment of the tumor was only partially effective in controlling his disease. At this point, which of the following drugs is most likely to be used as pharmacologic therapy?

Octreotide

Which of the following statement/s is/are correct? i. T4 is more potent than T3 ii. Synthetic T4 is usually given to patients with Hypothyroidism iii. Graves’ disease is an example of autoimmune disease that results in hypothyroidism.

II only

The following are true related the medication for Hyperthyroidism: i. Propranolol inhibits the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 ii. Methimazole is preferred in pregnant patients compared to Propylthiouracil. iii. Radioactive Iodine should not be used for patients who are pregnant or nursing.

I, III

Which of the following is an example of Mineralocorticoid?

Fludrocortisone

Which of the following glucocorticoids has the highest rate of sodium retention?

Hydrocortisone

A 50-year-old woman with a positive mammogram undergoes lumpectomy and a small carcinoma is removed. Biochemical analysis of the cancer reveals the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors. After this procedure, she will probably receive which of the following drugs?

Tamoxifen

Which of the following drugs is taken during the first part of a meal for the purpose of delaying the absorption of dietary carbohydrates?

Acarbose

The following agents are indicated for Obesity: i. Semaglutide ii. Naltrexone-Bupropion iii. Phentermine-Topiramate

I, II, III

The following antidiabetic agents are administered parenterally, except:

The following are true related insulin: i. Activates G-protein receptor to produce hypoglycemic effect. ii. Increases the storage of glucose as glycogen in liver. iii. Increases Lipoprotein Lipase in adipose.

II, III

A 55-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes of 40 years’ duration complains of severe bloating and abdominal distress, especially after meals. Evaluation is consistent with diabetic gastroparesis. Which of the following drug should be used in this situation?

Metoclopramide

The following statements are correct related to Esomeprazole: i. It is a s-isomer of Omeprazole. ii. Formulated as an enteric coated tablet. iii. Less effective than Ranitidine in treating PUD.

I, II

The following are the usual antimicrobials indicated for peptic ulcer disease: i. Amoxicillin ii. Metronidazole iii. Clindamycin

I, II

Which of the following agents are indicated as anti-emetics? i. Prochlorperazine ii. Diphenhydramine iii. Dronabinol iv. Aprepitant

I, II, III, IV

Which of the following agents is indicated for formation of cholesterol gallstones?

Ursodiol

A patient needs antibiotic treatment for native valve, culturepositive infective enterococcal endocarditis. His medical history includes a severe anaphylactic reaction to penicillin G during the last year. The best approach would be treatment with

Gentamicin

The following pairs of adverse effect and antimicrobials is/are correct: i. Chloramphenicol: Hemolytic Anemia ii. Tetracycline: Enamel Dysplasia iii. Erythromycin Estolate: Hepatitis

II, III

The following statements are true about gentamicin: i. Has Bactericidal action ii. Under the class of macrolides iii. Generally, targets gram negative rods. iv. Can cause nephrotoxicity

I, III, IV

The following agents acts by interfering the folic acid synthesis, except:

Trimethoprim

A 24-year-old male has returned to the clinic for his 1-month check-up after starting treatment for tuberculosis. He is receiving isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. He states he feels fine, but now is having difficulty reading his morning newspaper and feels he may need to get glasses. Which of the following drugs may be causing this problem?

Ethambutol

Which of the following antifungal agents is MOST likely to cause renal insufficiency?

Amphotericin B

The following pairs drugs and indications are correct: i. Acyclovir – HSV 2 ii. Foscarnet – CMV iii. Entecavir – HBV iv. Amantadine – Parkinson’s Disease

I, II, III, IV

Which of the following anti-HIV medications inhibits the enzyme integrase?

Raltegravir

Metronidazole is used for the following diseases, except:

None of the Above

The following are true related to Urinary Antiseptics: i. Elicits only local effect. ii. Administered with alkalizing agent. iii. Nifurtimox is an example of Urinary Antiseptics

I only

Which of the following agents targets HER-2 receptor and is a treatment for Breast CA?

Trastuzumab

The following pairs of Antineoplastic agents and its side effects is/are correct: i. Doxorubicin: Cardiac Problems ii. Taxanes: Diarrhea iii. Bleomycin: Pulmonary Problem

I, III

Which of the following agents acts as an immunosuppressant? i. Prednisone ii. Mycophenolate Mofetil iii. Azathioprine iv. Interferons

I, II, III

Which compound enhances immune function in vitro and is used to decrease the symptoms of the common cold?

Echinacea

Which of the following agents can aid a patient suffering from osteoarthritis?

Glucosamine

A 42-year-old man with a history of alcoholism is brought to the emergency department in a confused and delirious state. He has truncal ataxia and ophthalmoplegia. The most appropriate immediate course of action is to administer diazepam plus:

Thiamine

A 3-year-old healthy female ingested one of her mother’s 1 mg alprazolam tablets 45 minutes ago. The child was presented to the emergency department with CNS depression but a normal heart rate and blood pressure. Her bedside glucose check is also normal. Which of the following antidotes might be helpful?

Flumazenil

A new drug is to be added in a formulary. It was stated that the drug is to highly protein bound and is generally excreted through urine. Which type of data should be sought for this type of information?

Pharmacokinetic data

100

Which of the following pairs is incorrect regarding Biopharmaceutics Classification System?

BCS Class I: Griseofulvin

Module 2 Part 1

ユーザ名非公開 · 100問 · 1年前

Module 2 Part 1