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PHARMACODYNAMICS
88問 • 1年前
  • ユーザ名非公開
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    What the drug does to the body

    Pharmacodynamics

  • 2

    Both have an Affinity and Intrinsic activity

    Agonist

  • 3

    Has an Affinity but no Intrinsic activity

    Antagonist

  • 4

    100% response or maximal response

    Full agonist

  • 5

    SUBmaximal response

    Partial agonist

  • 6

    Paradoxical activity

    Inverse agonist

  • 7

    Loss of constitutive acitvity

    Inverse agonist

  • 8

    Full agonist + Partial agonist -> Partial agonist becomes

    Antagonist

  • 9

    A study was carried out in isolated, perfused animal hearts. In the absence of other drugs, pindolol, a β-adrenoceptor ligand, caused an increase in heart rate. In the presence of highly effective β stimulants, however, pindolol caused a dose-dependent, reversible decrease in heart rate. Which of the following expressions best describes pindolol?

    A partial agonist

  • 10

    Pindolol is a/an

    Intrinsic Symphamimetic Activity

  • 11

    Which of the following is/are Pharmacologic Antagonism

    Competitive Antagonism, Non-Competitive Antagonism

  • 12

    Reversible Antagonism and Irreversible Antagonism is a sub type of:

    Competitive Antagonism

  • 13

    Also known as Equilibrium Antagonism

    Reversible Antagonism

  • 14

    Competitive Antagonism INVOLVES a receptor

    True

  • 15

    Also known as NON Equilibrium Antagonism

    Irreversible Antagonism

  • 16

    A Covalently Bonded Antagonism

    Irreversible Antagonism

  • 17

    Aspirin

    Irreversible Antagonist

  • 18

    Also known as Allosteric Antagonism

    Non-Competitive Antagonism

  • 19

    NON Competitive Antagonism INVOLVES a receptor

    True

  • 20

    Activation of INDEPENDENT/DIFFERENT receptor resulting to opposite effect

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 21

    Also known as Funtional Antagonism

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 22

    Physiologic Antagonism INVOLVES a receptor

    True

  • 23

    No receptor involved

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 24

    Neutralization/Ion Trapping and Chelation is involved in what antagonism

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 25

    Acetylcholine + Epinephrine

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 26

    Histamine + Epinephrine

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 27

    Glucagon + Propranolol

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 28

    Cyanide + sodium thiosulfate

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 29

    HCl + Antacid

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 30

    Heparin + Protamine SO4

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 31

    BAL + Arsenic

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 32

    lASA + COX

    Pharmacologic Antagonism

  • 33

    Digibind + Digoxin

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 34

    Pancuronium + Sugammadex

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 35

    Involves one patient only

    Graded Dose-Response Curve

  • 36

    Dose vs INTENSITY/MAGNITUDE of Effect

    Graded Dose-Response Curve

  • 37

    dose that gives 50% effect

    Potency

  • 38

    In Potency, if is pointed at left-shift = _____ potent

    more

  • 39

    Higher dose = _____ potent

    less

  • 40

    Lower dose = _____ potent

    more

  • 41

    10 mg vs 100 mg. Which is more potent?

    10 mg

  • 42

    taller DRC = more EFFECTIVE

    Efficacy

  • 43

    minimum dose with maximal effect

    Ceiling dose

  • 44

    aka all or none DRC

    Quantal-Dose Response Curve

  • 45

    Involves many patients

    Quantal-Dose Response Curve

  • 46

    Dose vs FREQUENTCY of Effect

    Quantal-Dose Response Curve

  • 47

    Ligand-gated ion receptors

    Type 1 Receptors

  • 48

    also known as Ionotropic

    Type 1 Receptors

  • 49

    GABA-A Receptors

    Type 1 Receptors

  • 50

    What ions are needed for GABA-A Receptors

    Chloride ions

  • 51

    GABA-A Receptors

    Hyperpolarized

  • 52

    Nicotinic Receptors

    Type 1 Receptors

  • 53

    What ions are needed for Nicotinic Receptors

    Sodium ions

  • 54

    Nicotinic Receptors

    Depolarized

  • 55

    G-protein coupled receptors

    Type 2 Receptors

  • 56

    Most common receptors

    Type 2 Receptors

  • 57

    Gq

    alpha 1

  • 58

    Gi

    alpha 2

  • 59

    Gs

    beta 1, beta 2, beta 3

  • 60

    Gq

    M1, M3, M5

  • 61

    Gi

    M2, M4

  • 62

    Enzyme-linked receptors

    Type 3 Receptors

  • 63

    Also known as Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

    Type 3 Receptors

  • 64

    Insulin Receptors

    Type 3 Receptors

  • 65

    Epidermal Growth Factor

    Type 3 Receptors

  • 66

    List the EXTRACELLULAR receptors that are found in the cell membrane

    Type 1, Type 2, Type 3

  • 67

    Nuclear receptors

    Type 4 Receptors

  • 68

    Estrogen receptors

    Type 4 Receptors

  • 69

    Sex hormone receptors

    Type 4 Receptors

  • 70

    Receptor found in the NUCLEUS

    Type 4 Receptors

  • 71

    Increase in receptor number after prolonged exposure to an antagonist

    Up-regulation of receptor

  • 72

    Decrease in receptor number after prolonged exposure to an agonist

    Down-regulation of receptor

  • 73

    Hypersensitization is an example of

    Up-regulation of receptor

  • 74

    What happens after down-regulation of receptor? _____ cellular response

    Decrease

  • 75

    What happens after up-regulation of receptor? _____ cellular response

    Increase

  • 76

    Rapid Tolerance

    Tachyphylaxis

  • 77

    Also known as Desensitization

    Tolerance

  • 78

    Occurs when one enantiomer is converted into equal proportion of both

    Racemization

  • 79

    a mixture of 2 enantiomers

    Racemization

  • 80

    Seperation of 2 Enantiomers

    Resolution

  • 81

    Optical resolution of Atropine

    Racemic

  • 82

    Optical resolution of Thalidomide

    Racemic

  • 83

    Provides pharmacologic effect

    Eutomers

  • 84

    R-Thalidomide

    Eutomers

  • 85

    S-Thalidomide

    Distomer

  • 86

    Provides pharmacologic inactiveness / inertness

    Distomer

  • 87

    Which type of Thalidomide causes pocomelia

    S-Thalidomide

  • 88

    Which type of Thalidomide causes sedative effect

    R-Thalidomide

    • Module 2 Part 1

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    What the drug does to the body

    Pharmacodynamics

  • 2

    Both have an Affinity and Intrinsic activity

    Agonist

  • 3

    Has an Affinity but no Intrinsic activity

    Antagonist

  • 4

    100% response or maximal response

    Full agonist

  • 5

    SUBmaximal response

    Partial agonist

  • 6

    Paradoxical activity

    Inverse agonist

  • 7

    Loss of constitutive acitvity

    Inverse agonist

  • 8

    Full agonist + Partial agonist -> Partial agonist becomes

    Antagonist

  • 9

    A study was carried out in isolated, perfused animal hearts. In the absence of other drugs, pindolol, a β-adrenoceptor ligand, caused an increase in heart rate. In the presence of highly effective β stimulants, however, pindolol caused a dose-dependent, reversible decrease in heart rate. Which of the following expressions best describes pindolol?

    A partial agonist

  • 10

    Pindolol is a/an

    Intrinsic Symphamimetic Activity

  • 11

    Which of the following is/are Pharmacologic Antagonism

    Competitive Antagonism, Non-Competitive Antagonism

  • 12

    Reversible Antagonism and Irreversible Antagonism is a sub type of:

    Competitive Antagonism

  • 13

    Also known as Equilibrium Antagonism

    Reversible Antagonism

  • 14

    Competitive Antagonism INVOLVES a receptor

    True

  • 15

    Also known as NON Equilibrium Antagonism

    Irreversible Antagonism

  • 16

    A Covalently Bonded Antagonism

    Irreversible Antagonism

  • 17

    Aspirin

    Irreversible Antagonist

  • 18

    Also known as Allosteric Antagonism

    Non-Competitive Antagonism

  • 19

    NON Competitive Antagonism INVOLVES a receptor

    True

  • 20

    Activation of INDEPENDENT/DIFFERENT receptor resulting to opposite effect

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 21

    Also known as Funtional Antagonism

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 22

    Physiologic Antagonism INVOLVES a receptor

    True

  • 23

    No receptor involved

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 24

    Neutralization/Ion Trapping and Chelation is involved in what antagonism

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 25

    Acetylcholine + Epinephrine

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 26

    Histamine + Epinephrine

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 27

    Glucagon + Propranolol

    Physiologic Antagonism

  • 28

    Cyanide + sodium thiosulfate

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 29

    HCl + Antacid

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 30

    Heparin + Protamine SO4

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 31

    BAL + Arsenic

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 32

    lASA + COX

    Pharmacologic Antagonism

  • 33

    Digibind + Digoxin

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 34

    Pancuronium + Sugammadex

    Chemical Antagonism

  • 35

    Involves one patient only

    Graded Dose-Response Curve

  • 36

    Dose vs INTENSITY/MAGNITUDE of Effect

    Graded Dose-Response Curve

  • 37

    dose that gives 50% effect

    Potency

  • 38

    In Potency, if is pointed at left-shift = _____ potent

    more

  • 39

    Higher dose = _____ potent

    less

  • 40

    Lower dose = _____ potent

    more

  • 41

    10 mg vs 100 mg. Which is more potent?

    10 mg

  • 42

    taller DRC = more EFFECTIVE

    Efficacy

  • 43

    minimum dose with maximal effect

    Ceiling dose

  • 44

    aka all or none DRC

    Quantal-Dose Response Curve

  • 45

    Involves many patients

    Quantal-Dose Response Curve

  • 46

    Dose vs FREQUENTCY of Effect

    Quantal-Dose Response Curve

  • 47

    Ligand-gated ion receptors

    Type 1 Receptors

  • 48

    also known as Ionotropic

    Type 1 Receptors

  • 49

    GABA-A Receptors

    Type 1 Receptors

  • 50

    What ions are needed for GABA-A Receptors

    Chloride ions

  • 51

    GABA-A Receptors

    Hyperpolarized

  • 52

    Nicotinic Receptors

    Type 1 Receptors

  • 53

    What ions are needed for Nicotinic Receptors

    Sodium ions

  • 54

    Nicotinic Receptors

    Depolarized

  • 55

    G-protein coupled receptors

    Type 2 Receptors

  • 56

    Most common receptors

    Type 2 Receptors

  • 57

    Gq

    alpha 1

  • 58

    Gi

    alpha 2

  • 59

    Gs

    beta 1, beta 2, beta 3

  • 60

    Gq

    M1, M3, M5

  • 61

    Gi

    M2, M4

  • 62

    Enzyme-linked receptors

    Type 3 Receptors

  • 63

    Also known as Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

    Type 3 Receptors

  • 64

    Insulin Receptors

    Type 3 Receptors

  • 65

    Epidermal Growth Factor

    Type 3 Receptors

  • 66

    List the EXTRACELLULAR receptors that are found in the cell membrane

    Type 1, Type 2, Type 3

  • 67

    Nuclear receptors

    Type 4 Receptors

  • 68

    Estrogen receptors

    Type 4 Receptors

  • 69

    Sex hormone receptors

    Type 4 Receptors

  • 70

    Receptor found in the NUCLEUS

    Type 4 Receptors

  • 71

    Increase in receptor number after prolonged exposure to an antagonist

    Up-regulation of receptor

  • 72

    Decrease in receptor number after prolonged exposure to an agonist

    Down-regulation of receptor

  • 73

    Hypersensitization is an example of

    Up-regulation of receptor

  • 74

    What happens after down-regulation of receptor? _____ cellular response

    Decrease

  • 75

    What happens after up-regulation of receptor? _____ cellular response

    Increase

  • 76

    Rapid Tolerance

    Tachyphylaxis

  • 77

    Also known as Desensitization

    Tolerance

  • 78

    Occurs when one enantiomer is converted into equal proportion of both

    Racemization

  • 79

    a mixture of 2 enantiomers

    Racemization

  • 80

    Seperation of 2 Enantiomers

    Resolution

  • 81

    Optical resolution of Atropine

    Racemic

  • 82

    Optical resolution of Thalidomide

    Racemic

  • 83

    Provides pharmacologic effect

    Eutomers

  • 84

    R-Thalidomide

    Eutomers

  • 85

    S-Thalidomide

    Distomer

  • 86

    Provides pharmacologic inactiveness / inertness

    Distomer

  • 87

    Which type of Thalidomide causes pocomelia

    S-Thalidomide

  • 88

    Which type of Thalidomide causes sedative effect

    R-Thalidomide