PHARMACODYNAMICS

88問 • 1年前

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通報

問題一覧

What the drug does to the body

Pharmacodynamics

Both have an Affinity and Intrinsic activity

Agonist

Has an Affinity but no Intrinsic activity

Antagonist

100% response or maximal response

Full agonist

SUBmaximal response

Partial agonist

Paradoxical activity

Inverse agonist

Loss of constitutive acitvity

Inverse agonist

Full agonist + Partial agonist -> Partial agonist becomes

Antagonist

A study was carried out in isolated, perfused animal hearts. In the absence of other drugs, pindolol, a β-adrenoceptor ligand, caused an increase in heart rate. In the presence of highly effective β stimulants, however, pindolol caused a dose-dependent, reversible decrease in heart rate. Which of the following expressions best describes pindolol?

A partial agonist

Pindolol is a/an

Intrinsic Symphamimetic Activity

Which of the following is/are Pharmacologic Antagonism

Competitive Antagonism, Non-Competitive Antagonism

Reversible Antagonism and Irreversible Antagonism is a sub type of:

Competitive Antagonism

Also known as Equilibrium Antagonism

Reversible Antagonism

Competitive Antagonism INVOLVES a receptor

True

Also known as NON Equilibrium Antagonism

Irreversible Antagonism

A Covalently Bonded Antagonism

Irreversible Antagonism

Aspirin

Irreversible Antagonist

Also known as Allosteric Antagonism

Non-Competitive Antagonism

NON Competitive Antagonism INVOLVES a receptor

True

Activation of INDEPENDENT/DIFFERENT receptor resulting to opposite effect

Physiologic Antagonism

Also known as Funtional Antagonism

Physiologic Antagonism

Physiologic Antagonism INVOLVES a receptor

True

No receptor involved

Chemical Antagonism

Neutralization/Ion Trapping and Chelation is involved in what antagonism

Chemical Antagonism

Acetylcholine + Epinephrine

Physiologic Antagonism

Histamine + Epinephrine

Physiologic Antagonism

Glucagon + Propranolol

Physiologic Antagonism

Cyanide + sodium thiosulfate

Chemical Antagonism

HCl + Antacid

Chemical Antagonism

Heparin + Protamine SO4

Chemical Antagonism

BAL + Arsenic

Chemical Antagonism

lASA + COX

Pharmacologic Antagonism

Digibind + Digoxin

Chemical Antagonism

Pancuronium + Sugammadex

Chemical Antagonism

Involves one patient only

Graded Dose-Response Curve

Dose vs INTENSITY/MAGNITUDE of Effect

Graded Dose-Response Curve

dose that gives 50% effect

Potency

In Potency, if is pointed at left-shift = _____ potent

Higher dose = _____ potent

less

Lower dose = _____ potent

10 mg vs 100 mg. Which is more potent?

10 mg

taller DRC = more EFFECTIVE

Efficacy

minimum dose with maximal effect

Ceiling dose

aka all or none DRC

Quantal-Dose Response Curve

Involves many patients

Quantal-Dose Response Curve

Dose vs FREQUENTCY of Effect

Quantal-Dose Response Curve

Ligand-gated ion receptors

Type 1 Receptors

also known as Ionotropic

Type 1 Receptors

GABA-A Receptors

Type 1 Receptors

What ions are needed for GABA-A Receptors

Chloride ions

GABA-A Receptors

Hyperpolarized

Nicotinic Receptors

Type 1 Receptors

What ions are needed for Nicotinic Receptors

Sodium ions

Nicotinic Receptors

Depolarized

G-protein coupled receptors

Type 2 Receptors

Most common receptors

Type 2 Receptors

alpha 1

alpha 2

beta 1, beta 2, beta 3

M1, M3, M5

M2, M4

Enzyme-linked receptors

Type 3 Receptors

Also known as Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

Type 3 Receptors

Insulin Receptors

Type 3 Receptors

Epidermal Growth Factor

Type 3 Receptors

List the EXTRACELLULAR receptors that are found in the cell membrane

Type 1, Type 2, Type 3

Nuclear receptors

Type 4 Receptors

Estrogen receptors

Type 4 Receptors

Sex hormone receptors

Type 4 Receptors

Receptor found in the NUCLEUS

Type 4 Receptors

Increase in receptor number after prolonged exposure to an antagonist

Up-regulation of receptor

Decrease in receptor number after prolonged exposure to an agonist

Down-regulation of receptor

Hypersensitization is an example of

Up-regulation of receptor

What happens after down-regulation of receptor? _____ cellular response

Decrease

What happens after up-regulation of receptor? _____ cellular response

Increase

Rapid Tolerance

Tachyphylaxis

Also known as Desensitization

Tolerance

Occurs when one enantiomer is converted into equal proportion of both

Racemization

a mixture of 2 enantiomers

Racemization

Seperation of 2 Enantiomers

Resolution

Optical resolution of Atropine

Racemic

Optical resolution of Thalidomide

Racemic

Provides pharmacologic effect

Eutomers

R-Thalidomide

Eutomers

S-Thalidomide

Distomer

Provides pharmacologic inactiveness / inertness

Distomer

Which type of Thalidomide causes pocomelia

S-Thalidomide

Which type of Thalidomide causes sedative effect

R-Thalidomide

Module 2 Part 1

Module 2 Part 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 2

Module 2

Antibiotics

Antibiotics

Module 2 Part 2

Module 2 Part 2

Module 2 (Part 2)

Module 2 (Part 2)

Module 2 Part 3

Module 2 Part 3

Module 4

Module 4

Module 4 Part 2

Module 4 Part 2

Module 4 Part 3

Module 4 Part 3

Module 2 (Part 4)

Module 2 (Part 4)

Randome Questions

Randome Questions

Module 2 (Part 5)

Module 2 (Part 5)

Module 2 (Part 6)

Module 2 (Part 6)

Module 4 Part 1

Module 4 Part 1

BCS

BCS

Routes of Administration

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Routes of Administration

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics

Enzyme Inducers and Enzyme Inhibitors

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Enzyme Inducers and Enzyme Inhibitors

25問 • 1年前

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Metabolism and Excretion

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Metabolism and Excretion

Ramdom

Ramdom

A. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Drugs

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A. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Drugs

Module 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 2

Module 2

Module 3

Module 3

Module 2

Module 2

Module 3

Module 3

Module 3 Rationales

Module 3 Rationales

Terms

Terms

Module 3 Rationales

Module 3 Rationales

Excipients

Excipients

Module 4

Module 4

Flavors,Sweeteners, and Colors

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Flavors,Sweeteners, and Colors

Module 5

Module 5

Anti Glaucoma

Anti Glaucoma

B. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Blockers — Anti Cholinergic Agents

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B. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Blockers — Anti Cholinergic Agents

20問 • 1年前

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C. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs

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C. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs

80問 • 1年前

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D. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) BLOCKERS

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D. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) BLOCKERS

15問 • 1年前

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E. Nicotinic Receptor Blockers

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E. Nicotinic Receptor Blockers

30問 • 1年前

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F. Central Muscle Relaxants (or Spasmolytic agents)

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F. Central Muscle Relaxants (or Spasmolytic agents)

Rationale Quiz 1.0

Rationale Quiz 1.0

A. Anxiolytic Agents

A. Anxiolytic Agents

B.1 Drugs for Depression

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B.1 Drugs for Depression

29問 • 1年前

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B.2 Drugs for Mania / Bipolar Disorder

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B.2 Drugs for Mania / Bipolar Disorder

15問 • 1年前

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C. Drugs for Psychoses - Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics

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C. Drugs for Psychoses - Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics

44問 • 1年前

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D. Drugs for Seizure Disorders

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D. Drugs for Seizure Disorders

36問 • 1年前

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E. General Anesthetics

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E. General Anesthetics

32問 • 1年前

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G. Anti-Parkinson Drugs

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G. Anti-Parkinson Drugs

26問 • 1年前

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H. Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease

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H. Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease

Rationale Quiz 2

Rationale Quiz 2

1. Diuretics

1. Diuretics

2. Angiotensin Blockers

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2. Angiotensin Blockers

12問 • 1年前

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3 and 4. CCBs: Non-dihydropyridines and Vasodilators

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3 and 4. CCBs: Non-dihydropyridines and Vasodilators

Module 2

Module 2

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics

Drug Classes

Drug Classes

MOA

MOA

5. Sympatholytics

5. Sympatholytics

B. Drugs for Heart Failure

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B. Drugs for Heart Failure

6問 • 1年前

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C. Drugs for Arrhythmia

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C. Drugs for Arrhythmia

36問 • 1年前

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D. Drugs for Hyperlipidemia

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D. Drugs for Hyperlipidemia

E. Angina Pectoris

E. Angina Pectoris

F. Thrombotic Disorders

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F. Thrombotic Disorders

Antidotes

Antidotes

Deficiencies

Deficiencies

A. Growth Hormones

A. Growth Hormones

B. Adrenal Steroids

B. Adrenal Steroids

C. GnRH, FSH & LH & Sex Hormones

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C. GnRH, FSH & LH & Sex Hormones

D. Thyroid Hormones

D. Thyroid Hormones

E. Diabetes Mellitus

E. Diabetes Mellitus

F. Drugs for osteoporosis

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F. Drugs for osteoporosis

Rationale Quiz

Rationale Quiz

A. Asthma

A. Asthma

B. Allergic Rhinitis

B. Allergic Rhinitis

問題一覧

What the drug does to the body

Pharmacodynamics

Both have an Affinity and Intrinsic activity

Agonist

Has an Affinity but no Intrinsic activity

Antagonist

100% response or maximal response

Full agonist

SUBmaximal response

Partial agonist

Paradoxical activity

Inverse agonist

Loss of constitutive acitvity

Inverse agonist

Full agonist + Partial agonist -> Partial agonist becomes

Antagonist

A partial agonist

Pindolol is a/an

Intrinsic Symphamimetic Activity

Which of the following is/are Pharmacologic Antagonism

Competitive Antagonism, Non-Competitive Antagonism

Reversible Antagonism and Irreversible Antagonism is a sub type of:

Competitive Antagonism

Also known as Equilibrium Antagonism

Reversible Antagonism

Competitive Antagonism INVOLVES a receptor

True

Also known as NON Equilibrium Antagonism

Irreversible Antagonism

A Covalently Bonded Antagonism

Irreversible Antagonism

Aspirin

Irreversible Antagonist

Also known as Allosteric Antagonism

Non-Competitive Antagonism

NON Competitive Antagonism INVOLVES a receptor

True

Activation of INDEPENDENT/DIFFERENT receptor resulting to opposite effect

Physiologic Antagonism

Also known as Funtional Antagonism

Physiologic Antagonism

Physiologic Antagonism INVOLVES a receptor

True

No receptor involved

Chemical Antagonism

Neutralization/Ion Trapping and Chelation is involved in what antagonism

Chemical Antagonism

Acetylcholine + Epinephrine

Physiologic Antagonism

Histamine + Epinephrine

Physiologic Antagonism

Glucagon + Propranolol

Physiologic Antagonism

Cyanide + sodium thiosulfate

Chemical Antagonism

HCl + Antacid

Chemical Antagonism

Heparin + Protamine SO4

Chemical Antagonism

BAL + Arsenic

Chemical Antagonism

lASA + COX

Pharmacologic Antagonism

Digibind + Digoxin

Chemical Antagonism

Pancuronium + Sugammadex

Chemical Antagonism

Involves one patient only

Graded Dose-Response Curve

Dose vs INTENSITY/MAGNITUDE of Effect

Graded Dose-Response Curve

dose that gives 50% effect

Potency

In Potency, if is pointed at left-shift = _____ potent

Higher dose = _____ potent

less

Lower dose = _____ potent

10 mg vs 100 mg. Which is more potent?

10 mg

taller DRC = more EFFECTIVE

Efficacy

minimum dose with maximal effect

Ceiling dose

aka all or none DRC

Quantal-Dose Response Curve

Involves many patients

Quantal-Dose Response Curve

Dose vs FREQUENTCY of Effect

Quantal-Dose Response Curve

Ligand-gated ion receptors

Type 1 Receptors

also known as Ionotropic

Type 1 Receptors

GABA-A Receptors

Type 1 Receptors

What ions are needed for GABA-A Receptors

Chloride ions

GABA-A Receptors

Hyperpolarized

Nicotinic Receptors

Type 1 Receptors

What ions are needed for Nicotinic Receptors

Sodium ions

Nicotinic Receptors

Depolarized

G-protein coupled receptors

Type 2 Receptors

Most common receptors

Type 2 Receptors

alpha 1

alpha 2

beta 1, beta 2, beta 3

M1, M3, M5

M2, M4

Enzyme-linked receptors

Type 3 Receptors

Also known as Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

Type 3 Receptors

Insulin Receptors

Type 3 Receptors

Epidermal Growth Factor

Type 3 Receptors

List the EXTRACELLULAR receptors that are found in the cell membrane

Type 1, Type 2, Type 3

Nuclear receptors

Type 4 Receptors

Estrogen receptors

Type 4 Receptors

Sex hormone receptors

Type 4 Receptors

Receptor found in the NUCLEUS

Type 4 Receptors

Increase in receptor number after prolonged exposure to an antagonist

Up-regulation of receptor

Decrease in receptor number after prolonged exposure to an agonist

Down-regulation of receptor

Hypersensitization is an example of

Up-regulation of receptor

What happens after down-regulation of receptor? _____ cellular response

Decrease

What happens after up-regulation of receptor? _____ cellular response

Increase

Rapid Tolerance

Tachyphylaxis

Also known as Desensitization

Tolerance

Occurs when one enantiomer is converted into equal proportion of both

Racemization

a mixture of 2 enantiomers

Racemization

Seperation of 2 Enantiomers

Resolution

Optical resolution of Atropine

Racemic

Optical resolution of Thalidomide

Racemic

Provides pharmacologic effect

Eutomers

R-Thalidomide

Eutomers

S-Thalidomide

Distomer

Provides pharmacologic inactiveness / inertness

Distomer

Which type of Thalidomide causes pocomelia

S-Thalidomide

Which type of Thalidomide causes sedative effect

R-Thalidomide