Pharmacokinetics

86問 • 1年前

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通報

問題一覧

Which of the following laws/equations governs the passive diffusion of drug?

Fick’s Law

Requirements for Passive Diffusion

Low Molecular Weight , Small, LUNA

Choose the best 4 answers

Along / Across the concentration gradient , No Carrier Protein, Non Saturable , Non-Energy Requiring / ATP Independent

Choose the best 4 answers

Along / Across the concentration gradient , Carrier proteins mediated, Saturable , Non-Energy Requiring / ATP Independent

Choose the best 4 answers

Against the Concentration Gradient, Saturable, Energy Requiring / ATP Dependent, Carrier proteins mediated

Passive Diffusion

First Order Kinetics

Facilitated Diffusion

Zero Order Kinetics

Active Transport

Zero Order Kinetics

Slowest Transport

Passive Diffusion

Fastest Transport

Active Diffusion

Choose the best 3 answers

Energy Requiring, Defense mechanism, Cell Eating

Choose the best 3 answers

Cell Drinking, Energy Requiring , Involves in ADEK absorption

Choose the best 3 answers

Energy Requiring , Involves in ADEK absorption, aka Clathrin mediated endocytosis, Transferin Receptor

Involved in absorption mechanism or “goes in” mechanism

Endocytosis

Involved in release mechanism

Exocytisis

Property in which two drugs possess similar bioavailability and produces same effects at the site of action

Bioequivalence

the fraction of an administered dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation as intact drug

Bioavailability

Pharmaceutical Alternatives

Same API / Therapeuric Moiety, Different Salts, Different Ester, Different Complex, Different Strength, Different Dosage Forms

Erythromycin Estolate and Erythromycin Stearate

Pharmaceutical Alternatives

Which Erythromycin causes Cholestatic Jaundice?

Erythromycin Estolate

Pharmaceutical Alternatives

Same API / Therapeuric Moiety, Different Salts, Different Ester, Different Complex, Different Strength, Different Dosage Forms

Same API/TM but different SECS DF

Pharmaceutical Alternative

Same API/TM and SECS DF but Different Pack Shape Expiration Date

Pharmaceutical Alternative

Same Drug Class but Different API/TM

Therapeutic Alternative

Alternative for Nifedipine

Amlodipine

Alternative for Captopril

Lisinopril

Alternative for Propranolol

Metoprolol

REQUIRES TESTING for Safe and effective Pharmaceutical Equivalence Bioequivalent Adequately labeled cGMP complied

Therapeutic Equivalents

Amlodipine maleate & Amlodipine besylate

Pharmaceutical alternatives

Oral tablet & oral suspension

Pharmaceutical alternative

Amoxicillin 250 mg & Amoxicillin 500 mg

Pharmaceutical alternative

Chlordiazepoxide, 5 mg capsules & Chlordiazepoxide, 5 mg capsules (different manufacturers)

Pharmaceutical equivalents

Enalapril & Captopril

Pharmaceutical alternatives

Paracetamol 500 mg tab (x100) and Paracetamol 500 mg tab (x50 )

Pharmaceutical equivalents

Paracetamol syrup 125/mL Banana Flavor and Paracetamol syrup 125/mL Strawberry Flavor

Pharmaceutical equivalents

Extended release and Immediate release

Pharmaceutical alternative

Which of the following forms of a drug is favorably absorbed? I. Non-ionized II. Water soluble III. Ionized IV. Lipids soluble

I and IV

The most important organ for the absorption of orally administered drugs

Small intestine

How much of a 500mg dose is bioavailable if the administered drug has an absolute bioavailability of 0.80?

400mg

A newly admitted hospital patient has been taking a brand of digoxin tablets 250 mcg, that are 60% bioavailable. The hospitalist wishes to administer a comparable IV dose using an injection containing digoxin, 0.5 mg/2ml. What is the equivalent dose?

0.6 mL

Which of the following is established when pharmaceutical equivalents display comparable bioavailabilities when studied under similar experimental conditions?

Drugs are bioequivalent.

Which of the following drugs will cross cell membranes easily? I. Polar drugs II. Non-polar drugs III. Lipophilic drugs IV. Hydrophilic drugs

II and III

Requirements for drug products to be considered “pharmaceutical alternatives” include having the same I. Active drug II. Dosage forms III. Salt or ester

I only

Pharmaceutical equivalent” drugs products must have the same I. Therapeutically active ingredients II. Salt or ester III. Dosage form and strength

I, II and III

Drug is distributed in the body

One-Compartment Model

Drug is in the central compartment going to the peripheral until chemical equilibrium is achieved

Two-Compartment Model

Tertiary Amine are Lipophilic

True

Which drugs has a Tetriary Amine that can easily cross BBB

Atropine

DOC for Atropine Poisoning

Physostigmine

Non Polar and Lipophilic Amine

Tertiary Amine

Physosgtigmine

Drug requirements for crossing the BBB

Lipopholic, Unionized, Non Polar

Drug requirements for crossing the Placenta

Small, LMW

Doc for Gestational Diabetes Melitus in pregnant patient

Insulin

Contraindicated drug for pregnant patient with Hyperthyroidism

Methimazole

DOC for pregnant patient with Hyperthyroidism

PTU

The ratio of the drug amount in the body to the concentration of drug in blood

Volume of distribution

Volume of Distribution is used in

Loading Dose , Priming Dose

High Vd = ____ in _________ (___DOA)

increase in Tissue (Higher Duration of Action)

Low Vd = ___ in __________ (___DOA)

increase in Plasma (Lower Duration of Action)

What is the Vd (in L) of the patient received a single intravenous dose of 200mg of a drug substance that produced an immediate blood concentration of 10 mcg/mL?

20 L

milk is slightly _____ than plasma

acidic

Low pKa = _____ acid

stronger

Which is preferred Molecular size for the baby’s safety?

High MW

Which is preferred Lipid solubility for the baby’s safety?

Lowly lipid soluble

Which is preferred Drug half-life for the baby’s safety?

Shorter t50

Which is preferred Protein-binding for the baby’s safety?

Bound

Which is preferred pKa for the baby’s safety?

Low pKa

Warfarin is a highly protein bound:

95-98% protein bound

Drug displacer

Phenylbutazone

If Phenylbutazone displaced Warfarin in the binding site, the free drug Warfarin will yield to

Toxicity; bleeding

small

Free/Unbound

well distributed

Free/Unbound

metabolized and excreted

Free/Unbound

increases pharmacologic activity/effect/toxicity

Free/Unbound

large

Bound/ Unfree

less distributed

Bound/ Unfree

decreases pharmacologic activity/effect/toxicity

Bound/ Unfree

metabolized and excreted after dissociation

Bound/ Unfree

Which of the following will be true if a highly protein bound drug is administered to neonates?

Decreased protein binding, resulting in a greater free fraction of the drug

Which of the following is TRUE regarding acidic drugs? I. They exist mainly in the ionized form at the stomach II. They exist in a non-ionized form at an acidic environment. III. They exist mainly in the polar form in an acidic urine.

Which of the following is/are the ideal characteristic/s of a drug when given to breastfeeding woman? I. Long half-life II. High molecular weight III. High lipid solubility

Also known as Biotransformation

Metabolism

Metabolism GENERALLY converts drug to MORE

Polar

Drugs that are inactive and are converted to active forms

Prodrug

Reasons for formulating prodrugs 1. To improve unfavorable physical properties 2. To improve unfavorable pharmacokinetic 3. Prodrug approach is more efficient and cheaper1Reasons for formulating prodrugs 4. For immediate effect

I, II, III

Module 2 Part 1

Module 2 Part 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 2

Module 2

Antibiotics

Antibiotics

Module 2 Part 2

Module 2 Part 2

Module 2 (Part 2)

Module 2 (Part 2)

Module 2 Part 3

Module 2 Part 3

Module 4

Module 4

Module 4 Part 2

Module 4 Part 2

Module 4 Part 3

Module 4 Part 3

Module 2 (Part 4)

Module 2 (Part 4)

Randome Questions

Randome Questions

Module 2 (Part 5)

Module 2 (Part 5)

Module 2 (Part 6)

Module 2 (Part 6)

Module 4 Part 1

Module 4 Part 1

BCS

BCS

Routes of Administration

ユーザ名非公開 · 79問 · 1年前

Routes of Administration

79問 • 1年前

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Enzyme Inducers and Enzyme Inhibitors

ユーザ名非公開 · 25問 · 1年前

Enzyme Inducers and Enzyme Inhibitors

25問 • 1年前

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Metabolism and Excretion

ユーザ名非公開 · 31問 · 1年前

Metabolism and Excretion

PHARMACODYNAMICS

PHARMACODYNAMICS

Ramdom

Ramdom

A. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Drugs

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A. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Drugs

Module 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 2

Module 2

Module 3

Module 3

Module 2

Module 2

Module 3

Module 3

Module 3 Rationales

Module 3 Rationales

Terms

Terms

Module 3 Rationales

Module 3 Rationales

Excipients

Excipients

Module 4

Module 4

Flavors,Sweeteners, and Colors

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Flavors,Sweeteners, and Colors

Module 5

Module 5

Anti Glaucoma

Anti Glaucoma

B. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Blockers — Anti Cholinergic Agents

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B. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Blockers — Anti Cholinergic Agents

20問 • 1年前

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C. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs

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C. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs

80問 • 1年前

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D. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) BLOCKERS

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D. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) BLOCKERS

15問 • 1年前

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E. Nicotinic Receptor Blockers

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E. Nicotinic Receptor Blockers

30問 • 1年前

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F. Central Muscle Relaxants (or Spasmolytic agents)

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F. Central Muscle Relaxants (or Spasmolytic agents)

Rationale Quiz 1.0

Rationale Quiz 1.0

A. Anxiolytic Agents

A. Anxiolytic Agents

B.1 Drugs for Depression

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B.1 Drugs for Depression

29問 • 1年前

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B.2 Drugs for Mania / Bipolar Disorder

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B.2 Drugs for Mania / Bipolar Disorder

15問 • 1年前

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C. Drugs for Psychoses - Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics

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C. Drugs for Psychoses - Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics

44問 • 1年前

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D. Drugs for Seizure Disorders

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D. Drugs for Seizure Disorders

36問 • 1年前

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E. General Anesthetics

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E. General Anesthetics

32問 • 1年前

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G. Anti-Parkinson Drugs

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G. Anti-Parkinson Drugs

26問 • 1年前

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H. Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease

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H. Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease

Rationale Quiz 2

Rationale Quiz 2

1. Diuretics

1. Diuretics

2. Angiotensin Blockers

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2. Angiotensin Blockers

12問 • 1年前

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3 and 4. CCBs: Non-dihydropyridines and Vasodilators

ユーザ名非公開 · 20問 · 1年前

3 and 4. CCBs: Non-dihydropyridines and Vasodilators

Module 2

Module 2

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics

Drug Classes

Drug Classes

MOA

MOA

5. Sympatholytics

5. Sympatholytics

B. Drugs for Heart Failure

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B. Drugs for Heart Failure

6問 • 1年前

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C. Drugs for Arrhythmia

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C. Drugs for Arrhythmia

36問 • 1年前

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D. Drugs for Hyperlipidemia

ユーザ名非公開 · 11問 · 1年前

D. Drugs for Hyperlipidemia

E. Angina Pectoris

E. Angina Pectoris

F. Thrombotic Disorders

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F. Thrombotic Disorders

Antidotes

Antidotes

Deficiencies

Deficiencies

A. Growth Hormones

A. Growth Hormones

B. Adrenal Steroids

B. Adrenal Steroids

C. GnRH, FSH & LH & Sex Hormones

ユーザ名非公開 · 45問 · 1年前

C. GnRH, FSH & LH & Sex Hormones

D. Thyroid Hormones

D. Thyroid Hormones

E. Diabetes Mellitus

E. Diabetes Mellitus

F. Drugs for osteoporosis

ユーザ名非公開 · 21問 · 1年前

F. Drugs for osteoporosis

Rationale Quiz

Rationale Quiz

A. Asthma

A. Asthma

B. Allergic Rhinitis

B. Allergic Rhinitis

問題一覧

Which of the following laws/equations governs the passive diffusion of drug?

Fick’s Law

Requirements for Passive Diffusion

Low Molecular Weight , Small, LUNA

Choose the best 4 answers

Along / Across the concentration gradient , No Carrier Protein, Non Saturable , Non-Energy Requiring / ATP Independent

Choose the best 4 answers

Along / Across the concentration gradient , Carrier proteins mediated, Saturable , Non-Energy Requiring / ATP Independent

Choose the best 4 answers

Against the Concentration Gradient, Saturable, Energy Requiring / ATP Dependent, Carrier proteins mediated

Passive Diffusion

First Order Kinetics

Facilitated Diffusion

Zero Order Kinetics

Active Transport

Zero Order Kinetics

Slowest Transport

Passive Diffusion

Fastest Transport

Active Diffusion

Choose the best 3 answers

Energy Requiring, Defense mechanism, Cell Eating

Choose the best 3 answers

Cell Drinking, Energy Requiring , Involves in ADEK absorption

Choose the best 3 answers

Energy Requiring , Involves in ADEK absorption, aka Clathrin mediated endocytosis, Transferin Receptor

Involved in absorption mechanism or “goes in” mechanism

Endocytosis

Involved in release mechanism

Exocytisis

Property in which two drugs possess similar bioavailability and produces same effects at the site of action

Bioequivalence

the fraction of an administered dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation as intact drug

Bioavailability

Pharmaceutical Alternatives

Same API / Therapeuric Moiety, Different Salts, Different Ester, Different Complex, Different Strength, Different Dosage Forms

Erythromycin Estolate and Erythromycin Stearate

Pharmaceutical Alternatives

Which Erythromycin causes Cholestatic Jaundice?

Erythromycin Estolate

Pharmaceutical Alternatives

Same API / Therapeuric Moiety, Different Salts, Different Ester, Different Complex, Different Strength, Different Dosage Forms

Same API/TM but different SECS DF

Pharmaceutical Alternative

Same API/TM and SECS DF but Different Pack Shape Expiration Date

Pharmaceutical Alternative

Same Drug Class but Different API/TM

Therapeutic Alternative

Alternative for Nifedipine

Amlodipine

Alternative for Captopril

Lisinopril

Alternative for Propranolol

Metoprolol

REQUIRES TESTING for Safe and effective Pharmaceutical Equivalence Bioequivalent Adequately labeled cGMP complied

Therapeutic Equivalents

Amlodipine maleate & Amlodipine besylate

Pharmaceutical alternatives

Oral tablet & oral suspension

Pharmaceutical alternative

Amoxicillin 250 mg & Amoxicillin 500 mg

Pharmaceutical alternative

Chlordiazepoxide, 5 mg capsules & Chlordiazepoxide, 5 mg capsules (different manufacturers)

Pharmaceutical equivalents

Enalapril & Captopril

Pharmaceutical alternatives

Paracetamol 500 mg tab (x100) and Paracetamol 500 mg tab (x50 )

Pharmaceutical equivalents

Paracetamol syrup 125/mL Banana Flavor and Paracetamol syrup 125/mL Strawberry Flavor

Pharmaceutical equivalents

Extended release and Immediate release

Pharmaceutical alternative

Which of the following forms of a drug is favorably absorbed? I. Non-ionized II. Water soluble III. Ionized IV. Lipids soluble

I and IV

The most important organ for the absorption of orally administered drugs

Small intestine

How much of a 500mg dose is bioavailable if the administered drug has an absolute bioavailability of 0.80?

400mg

0.6 mL

Which of the following is established when pharmaceutical equivalents display comparable bioavailabilities when studied under similar experimental conditions?

Drugs are bioequivalent.

Which of the following drugs will cross cell membranes easily? I. Polar drugs II. Non-polar drugs III. Lipophilic drugs IV. Hydrophilic drugs

II and III

Requirements for drug products to be considered “pharmaceutical alternatives” include having the same I. Active drug II. Dosage forms III. Salt or ester

I only

Pharmaceutical equivalent” drugs products must have the same I. Therapeutically active ingredients II. Salt or ester III. Dosage form and strength

I, II and III

Drug is distributed in the body

One-Compartment Model

Drug is in the central compartment going to the peripheral until chemical equilibrium is achieved

Two-Compartment Model

Tertiary Amine are Lipophilic

True

Which drugs has a Tetriary Amine that can easily cross BBB

Atropine

DOC for Atropine Poisoning

Physostigmine

Non Polar and Lipophilic Amine

Tertiary Amine

Physosgtigmine

Drug requirements for crossing the BBB

Lipopholic, Unionized, Non Polar

Drug requirements for crossing the Placenta

Small, LMW

Doc for Gestational Diabetes Melitus in pregnant patient

Insulin

Contraindicated drug for pregnant patient with Hyperthyroidism

Methimazole

DOC for pregnant patient with Hyperthyroidism

PTU

The ratio of the drug amount in the body to the concentration of drug in blood

Volume of distribution

Volume of Distribution is used in

Loading Dose , Priming Dose

High Vd = ____ in _________ (___DOA)

increase in Tissue (Higher Duration of Action)

Low Vd = ___ in __________ (___DOA)

increase in Plasma (Lower Duration of Action)

What is the Vd (in L) of the patient received a single intravenous dose of 200mg of a drug substance that produced an immediate blood concentration of 10 mcg/mL?

20 L

milk is slightly _____ than plasma

acidic

Low pKa = _____ acid

stronger

Which is preferred Molecular size for the baby’s safety?

High MW

Which is preferred Lipid solubility for the baby’s safety?

Lowly lipid soluble

Which is preferred Drug half-life for the baby’s safety?

Shorter t50

Which is preferred Protein-binding for the baby’s safety?

Bound

Which is preferred pKa for the baby’s safety?

Low pKa

Warfarin is a highly protein bound:

95-98% protein bound

Drug displacer

Phenylbutazone

If Phenylbutazone displaced Warfarin in the binding site, the free drug Warfarin will yield to

Toxicity; bleeding

small

Free/Unbound

well distributed

Free/Unbound

metabolized and excreted

Free/Unbound

increases pharmacologic activity/effect/toxicity

Free/Unbound

large

Bound/ Unfree

less distributed

Bound/ Unfree

decreases pharmacologic activity/effect/toxicity

Bound/ Unfree

metabolized and excreted after dissociation

Bound/ Unfree

Which of the following will be true if a highly protein bound drug is administered to neonates?

Decreased protein binding, resulting in a greater free fraction of the drug

Which of the following is/are the ideal characteristic/s of a drug when given to breastfeeding woman? I. Long half-life II. High molecular weight III. High lipid solubility

Also known as Biotransformation

Metabolism

Metabolism GENERALLY converts drug to MORE

Polar

Drugs that are inactive and are converted to active forms

Prodrug

I, II, III