Module 2 Part 1

100問 • 1年前

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通報

問題一覧

Basic unit of LIFE

Cell

Proposed the three domain system

Carl Woese et al

He divided living things into five kingdoms

RH WhiHaker

These are the kingdoms that HAS Cell Wall, EXCEPT

Animalia

Chemical composition of plants

Cellulose

Composition of cellulose

Glucose

Cell WALL of Fungi are made of

Chitin

Chitins are made of

NAG

Bacterial cells walls are made of

Peptidoglycan

Peptidoglycan compositions

Peptides, Glucose

Cell MEMBRANES of fungi

Ergosterol

OUTERMOST part of an animal cell

Cell Membrane

Also known as Cell Membrane

Plasma Membrane

_____ are little organs embedded in a gel-like matrix

Organelles

Cytoplasm is also known as

Cytosol

Cytosol is also known as

Cytoplasm

2 Faces of biological membrane are

not the same

The 2 faces of biological membrane are not the same because of the presence of

Peripheral proteins

phospholipid bilayer also known as

bimolecular sheets

Swelling or bursting of cell

Lysis

Cell shrinking

Crenation

Bimolecular layers forms barriers so ____ molecules cannot pass through

Polar

Major class of membrane lipids

Phospholipids

Amino alcohol present in the polar head

Choline, Ehtanolamine

Lecitihin also known as

Phosphatidyl choline

Cephalin

Phosphatidyl ethanolamine

Cells present in CNS

Cephalin

Glycerol platform is for

Phosphoglycerides

Sphingosins

Sphingolipids

Glycerine is a/an

Alcohols

Alcohol

Polar

Single bonds

Saturated

It has TWO fatty acids, an alcohol and a phosphate group

Phosphoglycerides

Which of the following contains only ONE fatty acid

Sphingolipids

Ceramide

Sphingosines + Fatty Acid

MAJOR storage form of fatty acids

Triglycerides

Ceramide + Glucose or Galactose

Cerebrosides

Ceramide + Glucose AND Galactose

Globosides

Lipid + Oligosaccharides and Sialic acid

Gangliosides

Sialic acid

Nonose

Simplest gycolipids

Cerebrosides

It controls membrane fluidity

Cholesterol

If CM is TOO FLUID

it will not maintain its shape

If CM is too rigid

It will break apart easily

Downhill

Passive Transport

Movement AGAINST the concentration gradient

Active Transport

Energy requiring

Active Transport

Hydrolysis of ATP results to:

ADP + Pi + energy is released

Energy sources for PLANTS

Sunlight

Facilitated difussion

Passive Transport

Inhibits Na+ - K+ ATPase PUMP

Digoxin

Na+ - K+ ATPAse Pump

Uphill

It provides a membrane PORE to which ion can flow very rapidly in a DOWNHILL direction

Channels

Which are GABA receptor modulators

Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates, Ethanol

____ prolongs the opening of GABA receptors

Barbiturates

Negatively charged cells due to GABA inducers results to

Hyperpolarized cells

Hyperpolarized cells due to many chloride ions:

cannot transmit action potentials

Increases frequency of opening the GABA for Cl ions to enter the cells

Benzodiazepines

CNS Depressants

Barbiturates, Ethanol, Benzodiazepines

Which among the cell transport is more COMMON

Passive transport

Effect of HIGH temperature to fluids

Decrease effects

High temperatures: CM is

fluid

Low temperature: CM is

rigid

Arachidonic acid

Unsaturated

State of Fatty Acid in Saturated state

Ordered, rigid and straight chains

Ca La My Pa St A

Saturated FA

Cholesterol will intercalates between phospholipids to

prevent clumping together and stiffening

Receives and act on PROTEIN and membrane LIPIDS to further MODIFY them and passes these to other parts of the through budding vesicles

Golgi Apparatus

Site of Protein Synthesis

Ribosomes

Site of Protein Synthesis

Rough ER

Site of Lipid Synthesis

Smooth ER

It is a gel-like matrix

Cystosol

Have digestive vesicles and contains HYDROLASES that degrade protein and nucleic acid is

Lysosomes

Digest/Breaks/ Hydrolysis of the proteins

Lysosomes

Seperation of CHROMATIDS during mitosis

Microtubules

CENTER part of chromosomes

Centromere

It seperates chromatid during mitosis

Spindle Fibers

It prevents DEPOLYMERIZATION of microtubules

Taxanes

Taxane prototype

Paclitaxel

Sources of Paclitaxel

Taxus brevifolia

Pacific Yew

Taxus brevifolia

Disintegration other terms

Depolymerization, Disassembly

Inhibits tubulin POLYMERIZATION

Vinca Alkaloids

Sources of Vinka Alkaloids

Catharantus roseus

Generates metabolic ENERGY from macromolecules via oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells

Mitochondria

Site of Cellular Respiration

Mitochondria

Carry out OXIDATION reaction leading to producing HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

Peroxisomes

Network of membraned-enclosed tubules and sacs that extends from the nuclear membrane throughout the cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Site of Hormone Synthesis

Smooth ER

It has NO ribosomes

Smooth ER

Synthesis of Fatty Acids is in the site of

Cytosol

ESTERIFICATION of fatty acids with glycerol

Smooth ER

Bacterial Ribosomes

30s and 50s

Site of RNA transcription and processing, and of Ribosome ASSEMBLY

Nucleolus

CONTROL CENTER of the cell

Nucleus

INITIAL site of Protein Synthesis

Nucleus

DNA template for mRNA

Transcription

RNA to Protein Synthesis

Translation

Site of Transcription

Nucleus

100

TRANSLATION occurs in the

Ribosomes

Module 1

Module 1

Module 2

Module 2

Antibiotics

Antibiotics

Module 2 Part 2

Module 2 Part 2

Module 2 (Part 2)

Module 2 (Part 2)

Module 2 Part 3

Module 2 Part 3

Module 4

Module 4

Module 4 Part 2

Module 4 Part 2

Module 4 Part 3

Module 4 Part 3

Module 2 (Part 4)

Module 2 (Part 4)

Randome Questions

Randome Questions

Module 2 (Part 5)

Module 2 (Part 5)

Module 2 (Part 6)

Module 2 (Part 6)

Module 4 Part 1

Module 4 Part 1

BCS

BCS

Routes of Administration

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Routes of Administration

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics

Enzyme Inducers and Enzyme Inhibitors

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Enzyme Inducers and Enzyme Inhibitors

25問 • 1年前

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Metabolism and Excretion

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Metabolism and Excretion

PHARMACODYNAMICS

PHARMACODYNAMICS

Ramdom

Ramdom

A. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Drugs

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A. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Drugs

Module 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 2

Module 2

Module 3

Module 3

Module 2

Module 2

Module 3

Module 3

Module 3 Rationales

Module 3 Rationales

Terms

Terms

Module 3 Rationales

Module 3 Rationales

Excipients

Excipients

Module 4

Module 4

Flavors,Sweeteners, and Colors

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Flavors,Sweeteners, and Colors

Module 5

Module 5

Anti Glaucoma

Anti Glaucoma

B. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Blockers — Anti Cholinergic Agents

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B. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Blockers — Anti Cholinergic Agents

20問 • 1年前

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C. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs

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C. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs

80問 • 1年前

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D. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) BLOCKERS

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D. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) BLOCKERS

15問 • 1年前

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E. Nicotinic Receptor Blockers

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E. Nicotinic Receptor Blockers

30問 • 1年前

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F. Central Muscle Relaxants (or Spasmolytic agents)

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F. Central Muscle Relaxants (or Spasmolytic agents)

Rationale Quiz 1.0

Rationale Quiz 1.0

A. Anxiolytic Agents

A. Anxiolytic Agents

B.1 Drugs for Depression

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B.1 Drugs for Depression

29問 • 1年前

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B.2 Drugs for Mania / Bipolar Disorder

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B.2 Drugs for Mania / Bipolar Disorder

15問 • 1年前

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C. Drugs for Psychoses - Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics

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C. Drugs for Psychoses - Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics

44問 • 1年前

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D. Drugs for Seizure Disorders

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D. Drugs for Seizure Disorders

36問 • 1年前

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E. General Anesthetics

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E. General Anesthetics

32問 • 1年前

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G. Anti-Parkinson Drugs

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G. Anti-Parkinson Drugs

26問 • 1年前

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H. Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease

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H. Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease

Rationale Quiz 2

Rationale Quiz 2

1. Diuretics

1. Diuretics

2. Angiotensin Blockers

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2. Angiotensin Blockers

12問 • 1年前

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3 and 4. CCBs: Non-dihydropyridines and Vasodilators

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3 and 4. CCBs: Non-dihydropyridines and Vasodilators

Module 2

Module 2

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics

Drug Classes

Drug Classes

MOA

MOA

5. Sympatholytics

5. Sympatholytics

B. Drugs for Heart Failure

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B. Drugs for Heart Failure

6問 • 1年前

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C. Drugs for Arrhythmia

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C. Drugs for Arrhythmia

36問 • 1年前

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D. Drugs for Hyperlipidemia

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D. Drugs for Hyperlipidemia

E. Angina Pectoris

E. Angina Pectoris

F. Thrombotic Disorders

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F. Thrombotic Disorders

Antidotes

Antidotes

Deficiencies

Deficiencies

A. Growth Hormones

A. Growth Hormones

B. Adrenal Steroids

B. Adrenal Steroids

C. GnRH, FSH & LH & Sex Hormones

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C. GnRH, FSH & LH & Sex Hormones

D. Thyroid Hormones

D. Thyroid Hormones

E. Diabetes Mellitus

E. Diabetes Mellitus

F. Drugs for osteoporosis

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F. Drugs for osteoporosis

Rationale Quiz

Rationale Quiz

A. Asthma

A. Asthma

B. Allergic Rhinitis

B. Allergic Rhinitis

問題一覧

Basic unit of LIFE

Cell

Proposed the three domain system

Carl Woese et al

He divided living things into five kingdoms

RH WhiHaker

These are the kingdoms that HAS Cell Wall, EXCEPT

Animalia

Chemical composition of plants

Cellulose

Composition of cellulose

Glucose

Cell WALL of Fungi are made of

Chitin

Chitins are made of

NAG

Bacterial cells walls are made of

Peptidoglycan

Peptidoglycan compositions

Peptides, Glucose

Cell MEMBRANES of fungi

Ergosterol

OUTERMOST part of an animal cell

Cell Membrane

Also known as Cell Membrane

Plasma Membrane

_____ are little organs embedded in a gel-like matrix

Organelles

Cytoplasm is also known as

Cytosol

Cytosol is also known as

Cytoplasm

2 Faces of biological membrane are

not the same

The 2 faces of biological membrane are not the same because of the presence of

Peripheral proteins

phospholipid bilayer also known as

bimolecular sheets

Swelling or bursting of cell

Lysis

Cell shrinking

Crenation

Bimolecular layers forms barriers so ____ molecules cannot pass through

Polar

Major class of membrane lipids

Phospholipids

Amino alcohol present in the polar head

Choline, Ehtanolamine

Lecitihin also known as

Phosphatidyl choline

Cephalin

Phosphatidyl ethanolamine

Cells present in CNS

Cephalin

Glycerol platform is for

Phosphoglycerides

Sphingosins

Sphingolipids

Glycerine is a/an

Alcohols

Alcohol

Polar

Single bonds

Saturated

It has TWO fatty acids, an alcohol and a phosphate group

Phosphoglycerides

Which of the following contains only ONE fatty acid

Sphingolipids

Ceramide

Sphingosines + Fatty Acid

MAJOR storage form of fatty acids

Triglycerides

Ceramide + Glucose or Galactose

Cerebrosides

Ceramide + Glucose AND Galactose

Globosides

Lipid + Oligosaccharides and Sialic acid

Gangliosides

Sialic acid

Nonose

Simplest gycolipids

Cerebrosides

It controls membrane fluidity

Cholesterol

If CM is TOO FLUID

it will not maintain its shape

If CM is too rigid

It will break apart easily

Downhill

Passive Transport

Movement AGAINST the concentration gradient

Active Transport

Energy requiring

Active Transport

Hydrolysis of ATP results to:

ADP + Pi + energy is released

Energy sources for PLANTS

Sunlight

Facilitated difussion

Passive Transport

Inhibits Na+ - K+ ATPase PUMP

Digoxin

Na+ - K+ ATPAse Pump

Uphill

It provides a membrane PORE to which ion can flow very rapidly in a DOWNHILL direction

Channels

Which are GABA receptor modulators

Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates, Ethanol

____ prolongs the opening of GABA receptors

Barbiturates

Negatively charged cells due to GABA inducers results to

Hyperpolarized cells

Hyperpolarized cells due to many chloride ions:

cannot transmit action potentials

Increases frequency of opening the GABA for Cl ions to enter the cells

Benzodiazepines

CNS Depressants

Barbiturates, Ethanol, Benzodiazepines

Which among the cell transport is more COMMON

Passive transport

Effect of HIGH temperature to fluids

Decrease effects

High temperatures: CM is

fluid

Low temperature: CM is

rigid

Arachidonic acid

Unsaturated

State of Fatty Acid in Saturated state

Ordered, rigid and straight chains

Ca La My Pa St A

Saturated FA

Cholesterol will intercalates between phospholipids to

prevent clumping together and stiffening

Receives and act on PROTEIN and membrane LIPIDS to further MODIFY them and passes these to other parts of the through budding vesicles

Golgi Apparatus

Site of Protein Synthesis

Ribosomes

Site of Protein Synthesis

Rough ER

Site of Lipid Synthesis

Smooth ER

It is a gel-like matrix

Cystosol

Have digestive vesicles and contains HYDROLASES that degrade protein and nucleic acid is

Lysosomes

Digest/Breaks/ Hydrolysis of the proteins

Lysosomes

Seperation of CHROMATIDS during mitosis

Microtubules

CENTER part of chromosomes

Centromere

It seperates chromatid during mitosis

Spindle Fibers

It prevents DEPOLYMERIZATION of microtubules

Taxanes

Taxane prototype

Paclitaxel

Sources of Paclitaxel

Taxus brevifolia

Pacific Yew

Taxus brevifolia

Disintegration other terms

Depolymerization, Disassembly

Inhibits tubulin POLYMERIZATION

Vinca Alkaloids

Sources of Vinka Alkaloids

Catharantus roseus

Generates metabolic ENERGY from macromolecules via oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells

Mitochondria

Site of Cellular Respiration

Mitochondria

Carry out OXIDATION reaction leading to producing HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

Peroxisomes

Network of membraned-enclosed tubules and sacs that extends from the nuclear membrane throughout the cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Site of Hormone Synthesis

Smooth ER

It has NO ribosomes

Smooth ER

Synthesis of Fatty Acids is in the site of

Cytosol

ESTERIFICATION of fatty acids with glycerol

Smooth ER

Bacterial Ribosomes

30s and 50s

Site of RNA transcription and processing, and of Ribosome ASSEMBLY

Nucleolus

CONTROL CENTER of the cell

Nucleus

INITIAL site of Protein Synthesis

Nucleus

DNA template for mRNA

Transcription

RNA to Protein Synthesis

Translation

Site of Transcription

Nucleus

100

TRANSLATION occurs in the

Ribosomes