Module 2 (Part 6)

68問 • 1年前

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通報

問題一覧

CO-ENZYME in TRANSAMINATION

Pyridoxal Phosphate

Vitamin precurson fot Pyridoxal Phosphate

Vit B6

Prsosthetic group of Cytochrome oxidasw

Copper

Tightly bound

Co-enzymes

Derived from vitamins

Co-factors

Enzyme can cause kinetic rate enhancement if a reaction and explains how reaction rates depend on the CONCENTRATION of enzymes and substrates

Michaelis Menten

The x-axis is the RECIPROCAL of the substrate concentration, or 1 / [S], and the y-axis is the reciprocal of the reaction velocity

Lineweaver Burk

Demonstrates enzyme COOPERATIVITY. The binding of a substrate to one active site in a molecule increases the likelihood that the substrate will bind to the other active sites

Sigmoidal Curve

Nucleoside analogs can be use as

Anti-Cancer, Anti-Viral

Nitrogen base + Ribose

Nucleoside

Nitrogen base + Ribose + Phosphate Group

Nucleotide

Guanosine

Nucleoside

Guanosine monophosphate

Nucleotide

Adenosine

Nucleoside

Adenosine monophosphate

Nucleotide

Guanine

Nucleobase

AMP

Nucleotide

ATP

Nucleotide

Thymine

Nucleobase

A = T

2 Hydrogen Bonds Stabilization

C = G

3 Hydrogen Bonds Stabilization

Template for transcribing the complementary DNA message

mRNA

carry an amino acid to the ribosomes

tRNA

Component of ribosomes

rRNA

DNA directed DNA synthesis

Replication

DNA directed RNA synthesis

Transcription

RNA directed protein synthesis

Translation

Site of DNA Replication

Nucleus

Site of Translation

Ribosomes

Site of Transcription

Nucleus

Opens/unwinds/unzips/seperate the DNA strand

Helicase

Anneals a primer

Primase

Elongates the DNA by adding complementary bases to the strand

DNA Polymerase

Joins discontinuous strands

DNA Ligase

Untangles the DNA by removing supercoils

Topoisomerase

a CONTINOUS single DNA strand that, during DNA replication, is replicated inthe 3' – 5' direction

Leading Strand

a DISCONTINUOUS , single DNA strand that, during DNA replication, is replicated in the 5' - 3' direction

Lagging Strand

short sequences of DNA nucleotides synthesized discontinuously and later linked together by the enzyme DNA ligase to create the laggingstrand

Okazaki Fragments

the end of a chromosome made of repetitive sequences of non-coding DNA that protect the chromosome from

Telomeres

A change that DOES NOT AFFECT the sequence of amino acids

Silence

a change to a different amino acid

Missense

a change to a termination codon

Nonsense

AAU to AAC

Transitional

GAU to GAC

Transitional

GCG to GAC

Transversional

UUA to UGA

Transversional

CAU to CAA

Transversional

AAU (Asn) to AUC (lle)

Missense

GAU (Asp) to GAC (Asp)

Silent

GCC (Ala) to GAG (Glu)

Missense

UUA(Leu) to UGA (Stop)

Nonsense

CAU (His) to CAC (His)

Silent

genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read.

FRAMESHIFT MUTATION

Involves the removal of one or more nucleotides from a segment of DNA

FRAMESHIFT DELETION

Involves the insertion of one or more nucleotides from a segment of DNA

FRAMESHIFT INSERTION

Deficiency of HGPRT or Hypoxanthine Guanosine Phosphoribosyl Transferase Result: accumulation of uric acid in body fluids, self-mutilation behaviors and mental retardation

Lesch Nyhan Syndrome

absence of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE

SCID or Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

Not a genetic disorder, this is a deficiency in FOLATE derivatives during pregnancy

Neural Tube Defects

Excessive accumulation of urate in joints

Gout

Animals used for Digoxin tet

Pigeons

Animals used for Tubocurarine test or Head drop test

Rabbits

Animals used for Insulin testing

Rabbits

Animals used for Glucagon testing

Cat

use of sense organs, the macroscopic appearance of the drug its odor and taste, the sound or “snap” of the fracture, and the feel of the drug to the touch.

Organoleptic Evaluation

applies physical contact to the active constituents of drugs.

Physical Evaluation

Employed for powdered samples

Microscopic Evaluation

Aka Bioassay Employs animals to evaluate the effects of drugs

Pharmacologic Evaluation

Use of reagents. Preferred method of determining official potency

Chemical Evalluation

Module 2 Part 1

Module 2 Part 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 2

Module 2

Antibiotics

Antibiotics

Module 2 (Part 2)

Module 2 (Part 2)

Module 2 Part 2

Module 2 Part 2

Module 2 Part 3

Module 2 Part 3

Module 4

Module 4

Module 4 Part 2

Module 4 Part 2

Module 4 Part 3

Module 4 Part 3

Module 2 (Part 4)

Module 2 (Part 4)

Randome Questions

Randome Questions

Module 2 (Part 5)

Module 2 (Part 5)

Module 4 Part 1

Module 4 Part 1

BCS

BCS

Routes of Administration

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Routes of Administration

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics

Enzyme Inducers and Enzyme Inhibitors

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Enzyme Inducers and Enzyme Inhibitors

25問 • 1年前

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Metabolism and Excretion

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Metabolism and Excretion

PHARMACODYNAMICS

PHARMACODYNAMICS

Ramdom

Ramdom

A. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Drugs

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A. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Drugs

Module 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 1

Module 2

Module 2

Module 3

Module 3

Module 2

Module 2

Module 3

Module 3

Module 3 Rationales

Module 3 Rationales

Module 3 Rationales

Module 3 Rationales

Terms

Terms

Excipients

Excipients

Module 4

Module 4

Module 5

Module 5

Flavors,Sweeteners, and Colors

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Flavors,Sweeteners, and Colors

Anti Glaucoma

Anti Glaucoma

B. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Blockers — Anti Cholinergic Agents

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B. Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) Blockers — Anti Cholinergic Agents

20問 • 1年前

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C. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs

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C. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs

80問 • 1年前

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D. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) BLOCKERS

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D. Sympathetic (Adrenergic) BLOCKERS

15問 • 1年前

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E. Nicotinic Receptor Blockers

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E. Nicotinic Receptor Blockers

30問 • 1年前

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F. Central Muscle Relaxants (or Spasmolytic agents)

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F. Central Muscle Relaxants (or Spasmolytic agents)

Rationale Quiz 1.0

Rationale Quiz 1.0

A. Anxiolytic Agents

A. Anxiolytic Agents

B.1 Drugs for Depression

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B.1 Drugs for Depression

29問 • 1年前

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B.2 Drugs for Mania / Bipolar Disorder

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B.2 Drugs for Mania / Bipolar Disorder

15問 • 1年前

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C. Drugs for Psychoses - Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics

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C. Drugs for Psychoses - Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics

44問 • 1年前

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D. Drugs for Seizure Disorders

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D. Drugs for Seizure Disorders

36問 • 1年前

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E. General Anesthetics

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E. General Anesthetics

32問 • 1年前

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G. Anti-Parkinson Drugs

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G. Anti-Parkinson Drugs

26問 • 1年前

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H. Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease

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H. Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease

Rationale Quiz 2

Rationale Quiz 2

1. Diuretics

1. Diuretics

2. Angiotensin Blockers

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2. Angiotensin Blockers

12問 • 1年前

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3 and 4. CCBs: Non-dihydropyridines and Vasodilators

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3 and 4. CCBs: Non-dihydropyridines and Vasodilators

Module 2

Module 2

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics

Drug Classes

Drug Classes

MOA

MOA

5. Sympatholytics

5. Sympatholytics

B. Drugs for Heart Failure

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B. Drugs for Heart Failure

6問 • 1年前

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C. Drugs for Arrhythmia

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C. Drugs for Arrhythmia

36問 • 1年前

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D. Drugs for Hyperlipidemia

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D. Drugs for Hyperlipidemia

E. Angina Pectoris

E. Angina Pectoris

F. Thrombotic Disorders

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F. Thrombotic Disorders

Antidotes

Antidotes

Deficiencies

Deficiencies

A. Growth Hormones

A. Growth Hormones

B. Adrenal Steroids

B. Adrenal Steroids

C. GnRH, FSH & LH & Sex Hormones

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C. GnRH, FSH & LH & Sex Hormones

D. Thyroid Hormones

D. Thyroid Hormones

E. Diabetes Mellitus

E. Diabetes Mellitus

F. Drugs for osteoporosis

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F. Drugs for osteoporosis

Rationale Quiz

Rationale Quiz

A. Asthma

A. Asthma

B. Allergic Rhinitis

B. Allergic Rhinitis

問題一覧

CO-ENZYME in TRANSAMINATION

Pyridoxal Phosphate

Vitamin precurson fot Pyridoxal Phosphate

Vit B6

Prsosthetic group of Cytochrome oxidasw

Copper

Tightly bound

Co-enzymes

Derived from vitamins

Co-factors

Enzyme can cause kinetic rate enhancement if a reaction and explains how reaction rates depend on the CONCENTRATION of enzymes and substrates

Michaelis Menten

The x-axis is the RECIPROCAL of the substrate concentration, or 1 / [S], and the y-axis is the reciprocal of the reaction velocity

Lineweaver Burk

Demonstrates enzyme COOPERATIVITY. The binding of a substrate to one active site in a molecule increases the likelihood that the substrate will bind to the other active sites

Sigmoidal Curve

Nucleoside analogs can be use as

Anti-Cancer, Anti-Viral

Nitrogen base + Ribose

Nucleoside

Nitrogen base + Ribose + Phosphate Group

Nucleotide

Guanosine

Nucleoside

Guanosine monophosphate

Nucleotide

Adenosine

Nucleoside

Adenosine monophosphate

Nucleotide

Guanine

Nucleobase

AMP

Nucleotide

ATP

Nucleotide

Thymine

Nucleobase

A = T

2 Hydrogen Bonds Stabilization

C = G

3 Hydrogen Bonds Stabilization

Template for transcribing the complementary DNA message

mRNA

carry an amino acid to the ribosomes

tRNA

Component of ribosomes

rRNA

DNA directed DNA synthesis

Replication

DNA directed RNA synthesis

Transcription

RNA directed protein synthesis

Translation

Site of DNA Replication

Nucleus

Site of Translation

Ribosomes

Site of Transcription

Nucleus

Opens/unwinds/unzips/seperate the DNA strand

Helicase

Anneals a primer

Primase

Elongates the DNA by adding complementary bases to the strand

DNA Polymerase

Joins discontinuous strands

DNA Ligase

Untangles the DNA by removing supercoils

Topoisomerase

a CONTINOUS single DNA strand that, during DNA replication, is replicated inthe 3' – 5' direction

Leading Strand

a DISCONTINUOUS , single DNA strand that, during DNA replication, is replicated in the 5' - 3' direction

Lagging Strand

short sequences of DNA nucleotides synthesized discontinuously and later linked together by the enzyme DNA ligase to create the laggingstrand

Okazaki Fragments

the end of a chromosome made of repetitive sequences of non-coding DNA that protect the chromosome from

Telomeres

A change that DOES NOT AFFECT the sequence of amino acids

Silence

a change to a different amino acid

Missense

a change to a termination codon

Nonsense

AAU to AAC

Transitional

GAU to GAC

Transitional

GCG to GAC

Transversional

UUA to UGA

Transversional

CAU to CAA

Transversional

AAU (Asn) to AUC (lle)

Missense

GAU (Asp) to GAC (Asp)

Silent

GCC (Ala) to GAG (Glu)

Missense

UUA(Leu) to UGA (Stop)

Nonsense

CAU (His) to CAC (His)

Silent

genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read.

FRAMESHIFT MUTATION

Involves the removal of one or more nucleotides from a segment of DNA

FRAMESHIFT DELETION

Involves the insertion of one or more nucleotides from a segment of DNA

FRAMESHIFT INSERTION

Deficiency of HGPRT or Hypoxanthine Guanosine Phosphoribosyl Transferase Result: accumulation of uric acid in body fluids, self-mutilation behaviors and mental retardation

Lesch Nyhan Syndrome

absence of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE

SCID or Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

Not a genetic disorder, this is a deficiency in FOLATE derivatives during pregnancy

Neural Tube Defects

Excessive accumulation of urate in joints

Gout

Animals used for Digoxin tet

Pigeons

Animals used for Tubocurarine test or Head drop test

Rabbits

Animals used for Insulin testing

Rabbits

Animals used for Glucagon testing

Cat

use of sense organs, the macroscopic appearance of the drug its odor and taste, the sound or “snap” of the fracture, and the feel of the drug to the touch.

Organoleptic Evaluation

applies physical contact to the active constituents of drugs.

Physical Evaluation

Employed for powdered samples

Microscopic Evaluation

Aka Bioassay Employs animals to evaluate the effects of drugs

Pharmacologic Evaluation

Use of reagents. Preferred method of determining official potency

Chemical Evalluation