chap 9

通報

問題一覧

represent goods and services flowing out of a country

exports

represent goods and services flowing into a country.

imports

EXPORT STRATEGY (4)

characteristics of exporters, why companies exports, stages of export development, potential pitfall of exporting

(the percentage of total revenues generated by exports)

export intensity

Companies export in order to increase sales revenues, achieve economies of scale in production, diversify markets and minimize risk

why companies exports

Stages of export development, three phases of export development:

pre-engagement, initial exporting, and advanced exporting.

Why companies exports

increase sales revenue, achieve economies of scale in production, diversify markets, and minimize risk

There are two basic types of imports:

extracompany and intracompany imports

from independent (unrelated) upstream sourcea

extracompany imports

From a firms upstream global supply that represent intermediate goods and services.

intracompany imports

is a certified specialist who obtains required government permissions and other clearances before forwarding the necessary documents to the carrier(s) of the good

import broker

reflect a country’s import and export procedures and restrictions.

customs

Import strategy 2

the role of custom's agencies, import documentation

process can be both complicated and cumbersome. Without proper documentation, customs agencies will not release shipment

import documentation

Third party intermediaries (7)

direct selling, Direct Exporting through the Internet and Electronic Commerce, indirect Selling, export management companies, export trading companies, foreign freight forwarders

are independent (unrelated) firms that facilitate international trade transactions by assisting both importers and exporters

third party intermediaries

represent products sold to an independent party outside of the exporter’s home country

direct exports

are first sold to an intermediary in the domestic market, who then sells the products in the export market. While services are more likely to be exported on a direct basis, goods are exported via both avenues.

indirect exports

exporting through sales representatives to distributors, foreign retailers, or final end users, gives exporters greater control over the marketing function and offers the potential to earn higher profits as well.

direct selling

usually operates on a commission basis,

sales representative

is a merchant who purchases goods from a manufacturer and resells them at a profit

distributor

allows companies both large and small to engage in direct marketing quickly, easily and inexpensively. It is especially important for small and medium-size firms that wish to reach distant markets

electronic commerce

selling products to or through an independent domestic intermediary, is carried out via export management companies and export trading companies

indirect selling

is a firm that either acts as a manufacturer’s agent or buys merchandise from manufacturers for international distribution. They generally operate on a contractual basis, provide exclusive representation in a well-defined foreign territory and act as the export arm of a manufacturer. Often, they specialize according to product, function and/or market area.

export management company (emc)

is somewhat like an export management company, but its primary purpose in becoming involved in international trade as an independent broker is to match domestic exporters to foreign customers. If they are based in the U.S. may be exempt from antitrust provisions in order to allow them to penetrate foreign markets by collaborating with other U.S. firms.

export trading company (etc)

is a foreign trade specialist who deals in the movement of goods from producer to customer

freight forwarder

The movement of goods across a variety of modes from origin to destination is known as

intermodal transportation

From the exporter’s point of view, four major issues relate to export financing: (i) the price of the product, (ii) the method of payment, (iii) the financing of receivables and (iv) insurance. (T or f)

Export prices must factor in exchange rate fluctuations, transportation costs, relevant duties, the costs of multiple wholesale channels, insurance fees, bank charges, antidumping laws, etc

product price

The flow of money across national borders requires the use of special documents and may be very complicate

method of payment

(obligates the buyer’s bank to pay the exporter)

letter of credit

may be changed by any of the parties to the agreement

revocable letter of credit

requires all parties to the agreement to consent to the change in the document

irrevocable letter of credit

adds a guarantee of payment to an additional bank (usually an interbank agreement).

confirmed letter of credit

a draft or bill of exchange (t or f)

instructs the importer to pay the exporter if specified documents are presented

documentary draft

requires payment to be made immediately

sight draft

requires payment to be made at some specific date in the future.

time draft

(the exporter bills the importer but does not require formal payment documents—generally limited to members of the same corporate group).

open account

involves a reciprocal flow of goods and services. It provides a means to complete a transaction when a firm (or government) does not have sufficient convertible currency to pay for imports, or it simply does not have sufficient funds.

countertrade

(based on clearing arrangements used to avoid money-based exchange)

barter

occurs when goods or services are traded for other goods and services, i.e., it represents a non-monetary transaction. (___ is not only the oldest form of countertrade, it is the oldest form of any type of trade transaction.)

barter

represent counter-deliveries the exporter receives as payment that in fact are related to or originate from the original export.

buybacks

curs when the exporter sells goods or services for cash but then helps the importer find opportunities to earn hard currency.

offset trade

include generated business that directly relates to the export;

direct offsets

include generated business unrelated to the export.

indirect offsets

EDI STANDS FOR

electronic data interchange

Chap 1

Chap 1

chap 1 part 2

chap 1 part 2

chap 2

Jake Matthew · 11問 · 1年前

chap 2

11問 • 1年前

galing kay jayson

Jake Matthew · 22問 · 1年前

galing kay jayson

22問 • 1年前

chap 2 part 2

chap 2 part 2

Chap 1

Chap 1

chap 2

Jake Matthew · 26問 · 1年前

chap 2

26問 • 1年前

chap 3

chap 3

chap 3

chap 3

case study 1

case study 1

chap 4

Jake Matthew · 12問 · 1年前

chap 4

12問 • 1年前

chapter 5

chapter 5

case study 2

case study 2

case study 3

case study 3

chap 5 part 2

Jake Matthew · 7問 · 1年前

chap 5 part 2

7問 • 1年前

case study 4

Jake Matthew · 19問 · 1年前

case study 4

19問 • 1年前

first mass

first mass

chap 1

chap 1

lesson1

lesson1

chap 2

chap 2

chap 3

chap 3

chap 4

Jake Matthew · 5問 · 1年前

chap 4

5問 • 1年前

chap 5

chap 5

chap 6

Jake Matthew · 7問 · 1年前

chap 6

7問 • 1年前

chap 1

chap 1

chap 2

chap 2

chap 3

chap 3

chap 1

chap 1

topic 6

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topic 6

45問 • 1年前

evolution

evolution

module 3

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module 3

27問 • 1年前

module 4

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module 4

32問 • 1年前

module 5

module 5

chap 6

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chap 6

36問 • 1年前

chap 7

chap 7

CHAP 8

CHAP 8

chap 8

chap 8

chap 9

Jake Matthew · 44問 · 1年前

chap 9

44問 • 1年前

chap 9

Jake Matthew · 9問 · 1年前

chap 9

9問 • 1年前

chap 11

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chap 11

7問 • 1年前

chap 10

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chap 10

30問 • 1年前

chap 6

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chap 6

36問 • 1年前

chap 7

chap 7

chap 8

chap 8

chap 10

Jake Matthew · 29問 · 1年前

chap 10

29問 • 1年前

metamorphosis and articles

Jake Matthew · 32問 · 1年前

metamorphosis and articles

32問 • 1年前

agrarian reform

Jake Matthew · 44問 · 1年前

agrarian reform

44問 • 1年前

taxation

Jake Matthew · 28問 · 1年前

taxation

28問 • 1年前

mod 17

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mod 17

14問 • 1年前

module 18

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module 18

22問 • 1年前

module 20

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module 20

27問 • 1年前

chap 1

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chap 1

28問 • 1年前

chap 1

Jake Matthew · 22問 · 1年前

chap 1

22問 • 1年前

chap 1

chap 1

chap1

chap1

chap 2

chap 2

chap 3

chap 3

chap 2

chap 2

chap 3

chap 3

chap 4

chap 4

chap 5

chap 5

chap 6

chap 6

chap 2

Jake Matthew · 45問 · 1年前

chap 2

45問 • 1年前

chap 3

Jake Matthew · 33問 · 1年前

chap 3

33問 • 1年前

chap 4

chap 4

chap 5

Jake Matthew · 32問 · 1年前

chap 5

32問 • 1年前

chap 2

chap 2

chap 3

chap 3

chap 4

Jake Matthew · 33問 · 1年前

chap 4

33問 • 1年前

chap 2

chap 2

creativity and business idea

Jake Matthew · 34問 · 1年前

creativity and business idea

34問 • 1年前

chap 5

chap 5

creativity part 2

creativity part 2

chap 4

chap 4

domestic and international

Jake Matthew · 48問 · 1年前

domestic and international

48問 • 1年前

business plan

business plan

Business plan part 2

Jake Matthew · 12問 · 1年前

Business plan part 2

12問 • 1年前

chap 5

Jake Matthew · 25問 · 1年前

chap 5

25問 • 1年前

marketing plan

marketing plan

chap 6

chap 6

chap 7

Jake Matthew · 29問 · 1年前

chap 7

29問 • 1年前

media research

media research

economic and social aspects of advertising

Jake Matthew · 9問 · 1年前

economic and social aspects of advertising

9問 • 1年前

advertising agency

advertising agency

planning an advertiser campaign

planning an advertiser campaign

chap 7

Jake Matthew · 5問 · 1年前

chap 7

5問 • 1年前

chap 8

chap 8

web store

web store

identifying and understanding customer

Jake Matthew · 41問 · 1年前

identifying and understanding customer

41問 • 1年前

advertising creativity

Jake Matthew · 44問 · 1年前

advertising creativity

44問 • 1年前

retailing establishing

Jake Matthew · 39問 · 1年前

retailing establishing

39問 • 1年前

integrated retail

Jake Matthew · 23問 · 1年前

integrated retail

23問 • 1年前