chap 6

通報

問題一覧

(importing and exporting activities) is one means by which countries are linked economically.

foreign trade

deal with the natural order of trade; they examine and explain patterns of trade under laissez-faire conditions

descriptive theories

deal with the question of whether governments should seek to alter the amount, composition, and/or direction of trade

prescriptive theories

(a zero-sum game) was popular from about 1500-1800; it purports that a country’s wealth is measured by its holdings of treasure (usually gold).

mercantilism

(a favorable balance of trade) a country must export more than it imports and then collect gold (and other forms of wealth) from countries that run a

surplus

an unfavorable balance of trade

deficits

represents the more recent policy of countries that try to run a favorable balance of trade in order to achieve some particular national objective via protectionism.

neomercantilism

He claimed that the wealth of a nation consisted of the goods and services available to its citizens.

adam smith

holds that a country can maximize its own economic well-being by specializing in the production of those goods it can produce more efficiently than any other nation and enhance global efficiency through its participation in (unrestricted) free trade.

absolute advantage

in the production of particular products because of given climatic conditions, access to certain natural resources, the availability of needed labor forces, etc.

natural advantage

represents a distinct advantage in skills, technology, and/or capital assets, leading to differentiated products or cost-competitive homogeneous products.

acquired advantage

shows that by specializing and trading, two countries can have more than they would without trade, thus optimizing global efficiency.

production possibilities curve

He reasoned there would still be gains from trade if a country specialized in the production of those things it can produce most efficiently, even if other countries can produce those things even more efficiently.

david ricardo

The theories of absolute and comparative advantage are based upon the economic gains from ____

specialization

holds that large countries are more apt to have varied climates and natural resources, and therefore will generally be more nearly self-sufficient than small countries

theory of country size

Large countries tend to have varied climates and a greater assortment of natural resources, making them more self-sufficient compared to smaller countries.

variety of resources

The greater the distance, the higher the transport costs.

transport costs

Countries with large economies and high per capita incomes tend to produce goods requiring long production runs and have competitive industries in both domestic and export markets.

the size economy and production scales

is useful in extending the concept of comparative advantage by bringing into consideration a nation’s endowment and cost of factors of production.

Heckscher-Ohlin theory of factor endowment

VII. THE FACTOR-PROPORTIONS THEOR

land-labor relationship labor-capital relationship technological complexities

In countries with many people relative to the size of the available land, labor would be relatively (comparatively) cheap; thus those countries should concentrate on producing and exporting labor-intensive goods.

land-labor relationship

In countries where little capital is available for investment and where the amount of investment per worker is low, then low labor rates would also be expected.

labor capital relationship

Factor proportions analysis becomes complicated when the same product can be produced by different methods, such as with different mixes of labor and capital.

technologic complexities

VIII. THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE THEORY OF TRADE (2)

changes through the cycle verification and limitations of plc theory

describes how the location of production and trade activities shifts as a product moves through its life cycle.

PLC theory

A. Changes through the Cycle. (4)

introduction, growth, maturity, decline

states that when a firm develops a new product in response to observed conditions in the home market, it is likely to turn to those foreign markets that are most similar to its domestic market when commencing its initial international expansion activities.

country similarity theory

Country similarity theory

A. The Economic Similarity of Industrial Countries B. The Similarity of Location C. Cultural Similarity D. The Similarity of Political and Economic Interests

a country would not rely on other countries for any goods, services, or technologies

independence

One way a country can limit its vulnerability to foreign changes is through ____£, i.e., the development of trade relationships on the basis of mutual need.

interdependence

Many developing countries are ___ (rely on) on the sale of one primary commodity, or on one country as a primary customer and/or supplier.

dependence/dependent

In addition to the four determinants of national competitive advantage that are set forth in the _____

porter diamond

The nature and size of demand in the home market lead to the establishment of production facilities to meet that demand.

demand conditions

Resource availability (inputs, labor, capital and technology) contributes to the competitiveness of both firms and nations that compete in particular industries.

factor conditions

The local presence of internationally competitive suppliers and other related industries contributes to both the cost effectiveness and strategic competitiveness of firms.

related and supporting industries

The creation and persistence of national competitive advantage requires leading-edge product and process technologies and business strategies

firm strategy, structure, and rivalry

Chap 1

Chap 1

chap 1 part 2

chap 1 part 2

chap 2

Jake Matthew · 11問 · 1年前

chap 2

11問 • 1年前

galing kay jayson

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galing kay jayson

22問 • 1年前

chap 2 part 2

chap 2 part 2

Chap 1

Chap 1

chap 2

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chap 2

26問 • 1年前

chap 3

chap 3

chap 3

chap 3

case study 1

case study 1

chap 4

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chap 4

12問 • 1年前

chapter 5

chapter 5

case study 2

case study 2

case study 3

case study 3

chap 5 part 2

Jake Matthew · 7問 · 1年前

chap 5 part 2

7問 • 1年前

case study 4

Jake Matthew · 19問 · 1年前

case study 4

19問 • 1年前

first mass

first mass

chap 1

chap 1

lesson1

lesson1

chap 2

chap 2

chap 3

chap 3

chap 4

Jake Matthew · 5問 · 1年前

chap 4

5問 • 1年前

chap 5

chap 5

chap 6

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chap 6

7問 • 1年前

chap 1

chap 1

chap 2

chap 2

chap 3

chap 3

chap 1

chap 1

topic 6

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topic 6

45問 • 1年前

evolution

evolution

module 3

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module 3

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module 4

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module 4

32問 • 1年前

module 5

module 5

chap 6

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chap 6

36問 • 1年前

chap 7

chap 7

CHAP 8

CHAP 8

chap 8

chap 8

chap 9

Jake Matthew · 44問 · 1年前

chap 9

44問 • 1年前

chap 9

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chap 9

9問 • 1年前

chap 11

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chap 11

7問 • 1年前

chap 10

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chap 10

30問 • 1年前

chap 9

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chap 9

47問 • 1年前

chap 7

chap 7

chap 8

chap 8

chap 10

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chap 10

29問 • 1年前

metamorphosis and articles

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metamorphosis and articles

32問 • 1年前

agrarian reform

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agrarian reform

44問 • 1年前

taxation

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taxation

28問 • 1年前

mod 17

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mod 17

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module 18

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module 18

22問 • 1年前

module 20

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module 20

27問 • 1年前

chap 1

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chap 1

28問 • 1年前

chap 1

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chap 1

22問 • 1年前

chap 1

chap 1

chap1

chap1

chap 2

chap 2

chap 3

chap 3

chap 2

chap 2

chap 3

chap 3

chap 4

chap 4

chap 5

chap 5

chap 6

chap 6

chap 2

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chap 2

45問 • 1年前

chap 3

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chap 3

33問 • 1年前

chap 4

chap 4

chap 5

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chap 5

32問 • 1年前

chap 2

chap 2

chap 3

chap 3

chap 4

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chap 4

33問 • 1年前

chap 2

chap 2

creativity and business idea

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creativity and business idea

34問 • 1年前

chap 5

chap 5

creativity part 2

creativity part 2

chap 4

chap 4

domestic and international

Jake Matthew · 48問 · 1年前

domestic and international

48問 • 1年前

business plan

business plan

Business plan part 2

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Business plan part 2

12問 • 1年前

chap 5

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chap 5

25問 • 1年前

marketing plan

marketing plan

chap 6

chap 6

chap 7

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chap 7

29問 • 1年前

media research

media research

economic and social aspects of advertising

Jake Matthew · 9問 · 1年前

economic and social aspects of advertising

9問 • 1年前

advertising agency

advertising agency

planning an advertiser campaign

planning an advertiser campaign

chap 7

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chap 7

5問 • 1年前

chap 8

chap 8

web store

web store

identifying and understanding customer

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identifying and understanding customer

41問 • 1年前

advertising creativity

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advertising creativity

44問 • 1年前

retailing establishing

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retailing establishing

39問 • 1年前

integrated retail

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integrated retail

23問 • 1年前