chap 7

29問 • 1年前

問題一覧

Four heritages form the bases for the majority of the legal systems of the world:

common law civil or code law islamic law marxist-socialist tenets

is tradition, past practices, and legal precedents set by the courts through interpretations of statutes, legal legislation, and past rulings. ______ seeks “interpretation through the past decisions of higher courts which interpret the same statutes or apply established and customary principles of law to a similar set of facts.”

common law

is based on an all-inclusive system of written rules (codes) of law. Under ___, the legal system is generally divided into three separate codes: commercial, civil, and criminal

civil or code law

The basis for the Shari’ah (___) is interpretation of the Koran. It encompasses religious duties and obligations, as well as the secular aspect of law regulating human acts.

islamic law

is strictly subordinate to prevailing economic conditions, such fundamental propositions as private ownership, contracts, due process, and other legal mechanisms have had to be developed

marxist-socialist tenets

International dispute resolution (3)

conciliation, arbitration, litigation

(also known as mediation ) is a nonbinding agreement between parties to re- solve disputes by asking a third party to mediate differences.

conciliation

procedure is for the parties in- volved to select a disinterested and informed party or parties as referees to determine the merits of the case and make a judgment that both parties agree to honor

arbitration

____ goods come from a wide range of industries—apparel, automo- tive parts, agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals, books (yes, even management books such as the one you are reading right now), 12 records, fi lms, computer software, mobile

counterfeiting and piracy

The failure to protect intellectual property rights adequately in the world marketplace can lead to the legal loss of rights in potentially profi table markets. Because patents, processes, trademarks, and copyrights are valuable in all countries, some companies have found their assets appropriated and profi tably exploited in foreign countries without license or reimbursement.

inadequate protection

whoever can establish fi rst use is typically considered the rightful owner. In many code-law countries,

prior use

ownership is established by ____ rather than by prior use—the first to ____ a trademark or other property right is considered the rightful owner.

registration

International Convention (3)

paris convention Inter-American convention madrid arrangement

for the Protection of Industrial Property, commonly referred to as the _____, includes the United States and 100 other countries

paris convention

includes most of the Latin American nations and the United States

Inter-American convention

which established the Bureau for International Registration of Trademarks, includes 26 European countries.

madrid arrangement

Bill Gates’s negotiation strategy with Chinese software pirates demon- strates his guile, prescience, and patience. He accidentally revealed his strategy in 1998 in an interview at the University of Washington:

Microsoft

One of the originators of “open innovation” is Philips Research in the Netherlands. Thirty years ago, it pioneered the concept of partnering 27 to develop and market new ideas

Philips

buy and register de- scriptive nouns, geographic names, names of ethnic groups and pharmaceutical substances, and other similar descriptors and hold them until they can be sold at an infl ated price

cybersquatters (CSQs)

All countries have laws regulating marketing activities in promotion, product development, labeling, pricing, and channels of distribution. U

marketing laws

Multinational corporations also face a growing variety of legislation designed to address environmental issues. Global concern for the environment extends beyond industrial pol- lution, hazardous waste disposal, and rampant deforestation to include issues that focus directly on consumer products

green marketing legislation

focus on environmentally friendly products and product packaging and its effect on solid waste management.

green marketing laws

They are intended to speed up the process of granting export licenses by removing a large number of items from specifi c export license control and concentrat- ing licensing on a specifi c list of items, most of which pertain to national security, nuclear nonproliferation, terrorism, or chemical and biological weapon

export administration regulations

permits exportation of certain products that are not subject to EAR control with nothing more than a declaration of the type of product, its value, and its destination.

general license

issued only on formal applications, is a specifi c document authorizing exportation within specific limitations designated under the EAR.

validated license

enables exporters that have authorization to submit license applications via the Internet for all commodities except supercomputers to all free-world destinations. When approved, licensing decisions are conveyed back to the exporters via the Internet.

ELAIN (exports license application and information network)

an automated voice response system for tracking applications, can be accessed using a touch-tone phone. It provides applicants with the status of their license and classifi cation applications and is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week

STELA (system for tracking export license application)

a supplementary service to ELAIN, allows an exporter to submit commodity classifi cation requests via the In- ternet to the Bureau of Export administration.

ERIC (electronic request for item classification)

an alternative to paper license submissions, enables an exporter to submit export and re-export applications, high- performance computer notices, and commodity classifi cation requests via the Internet.

SNAP(simplified network application process)

Chap 1

Jake Matthew · 10問 · 1年前

Chap 1