chap 5

25問 • 1年前

問題一覧

__ is a key concept in international marketing, and willingness to adapt is a crucial attitude.

adaptation

Adaptation does not require business executives to forsake their ways and change to local customs; rather, executives must be aware of local customs and be willing to accommo- date those differences that can cause misunderstandings.

degree of adaptation

Business customs can be grouped into

imperatives electives exclusives

are the business customs and expectations that must be met and conformed to or avoided if relationships are to be successful.

cultural imperatives

relate to areas of behavior or to customs that cultural aliens may wish to conform to or participate in but that are not required

cultural electives

are those customs or behavior patterns reserved exclusively for the locals and from which the foreigner is barred.

cultural exclusives

is an instrument for social action is the fundamental concept of U.S. corporations.

independent enterprise

Management styles around the world (7)

authority and decision making management objectives and aspirations communication styles formality and tempo p-time versus m-time negotiation emphasis marketing orientation

Business size, ownership, public accountability, and cultural values that determine the prominence of status and position (PDI) combine to infl uence the authority structure of business.

authority and decision making

___ relate directly to basic human motivation and therefore have widespread economic and social implications.

personal security and job mobility

To some, __ means a big paycheck and the training and ability required for moving from company to company within the business hierarchy; for others, it means the ___ of lifetime positions with their companies; to still others, it means adequate retirement plans and other welfare benefits.

security

To the Japanese, ___ is company life

personal life

typifies most North Americans, Swiss, Germans, and Scandinavians. These Western cultures tend to concentrate on one thing at a time. They divide time into small units and are concerned with promptness.

m time

is more dominant in high-context cultures, where the completion of a human transaction is emphasized more than holding to schedules

p time

___ are perhaps the most fundamental commercial rituals.

business negotiations

has been shown to relate positively to profits.

marketing orientation

Indeed, consistent with the discussions about language, the meaning of the word __ varies considerably around the world

corruption

Voluntarily offered payment by someone seeking unlawful advantage is

bribery

if payments are extracted under duress by someone in authority from a person seeking only what he or she is lawfully entitled to.

extortion

involves a relatively small sum of cash, a gift, or a service given to a low-ranking offi cial in a country where such offerings are not prohibited by law.

lubrication

generally involves giving large sums of money—frequently not properly accounted for—designed to entice an offi cial to commit an illegal act on behalf of the one offering the bribe.

subornation

A third type of payment that can appear to be a bribe but may not be is an ___

agent's fee

Does the action optimize the “common good” or benefits of all constituencies? And who are the pertinent constituencies?

utilitarian ethics

Does the action respect the rights of the individuals involved?

right of the parties

Does the action respect the canons of justice or fairness to all parties involved?

justice or fairness

Chap 1

Jake Matthew · 10問 · 1年前

Chap 1