mocrobiology: bacterial stain, nutrition, bacterial recombination, growth phrases, microbial growth factor, culture media

60問 • 1年前

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aqueous or alcohol soution of a single basic dye -METHYLENE BLUE AND MALACHITE GREEN -used to highlight microorganisms to determine cellular shapes and attangements

simple stain

-gram stain -acid fast stain

differential stain

one of the most useful procedures because ot clssifies bacteria into two large groups: gram+ and gram -

gram stain

used to distinguish microbaterium species nd some species o nocardia

acid fast stain

crystal violet

primary stain

iodine

mordant

acid alcohol

decolorizer

safranin

secondary stin

-resist decolorization -retain the primary stain -contain myolic acid -mycobacterium, nocardia, and sperm cell

acid fast organism

-not cell staininng- background acid stains: -nigrosin -india ink -congo red positive reult: COLORLESS AGAINST A DARK BACKGROUND

negative staining method

acquired in the form of co2, organic carcon compounds, nitrates, ammonia, oxygen, sulfates and phosphates

macronutrients

required as trace elements and are components of enzyme and co factors

micronutrients

donor cell lyse, a fragment of dnais released and passed into a recipeint cell. -enzyme dissolves one strand of the fragment, and the other strand displaces a homologous segment of the recipient's dna. -onvolves direct uptake of donor dna by recipient cells which depens on their competence fro transformation

transformation

involves two live bacterias, donor and recipent, with the transfer of genetic material from plasmid. -dna is transferred and the F- is converted to F+

conjuggation

the transfer of genetic material from one organism to another by transducing phase or bacteriophage (virus infecting the bacteria)

transduction

process of transferring genes through the so called "jumpng genes" -trasnposon

transposition

changes in DNA sequencewhich may include base substitution, deletions, insertions, and rearrangements -purine bases -pyrimidine bases

mutations

organisms are adjusting to the evironment (little or no division) -they are synthesizing dna, ribosomes and enzymes to breakdown nutrients, and to be used for growth

lag phase

division is at constant rate (generation time) but varies with species, temperature and media -cells are most susceptible to inhibitors

log phase

dying and dividing organisms are at an equilibrium

stationary phase

the population is dying in geometric fashion so there re ore deaths than new cells

deayh// decline phase

20c-40c

mesophile

50c-60c

thermophile

0c-10c

psychrophile

80c-110c

hyperthermophile

with oxygen

obligate aerobes

with or without oxygen

facultative

requires small amount of oxygen (1-15%)

microaerophilic

does not require oxygen but can survive in oxygen

aerotolerant

without oxygen

obligate anaerobe

acidophiles

ph 1-5

neutrophiles

ph 5.5-8

basophiles

ph 8.5

alkalophiles

ph 11.5

increase salt concentration

halophies

requires a high salt concentration for growth

extreme halophiles

requires high osmotic pressure sch as high concentration of nacl

obligate halophiles

1-2% salt only

facultative halophiles

air ppressure (halomonas salaria)(380 atm)

basophiles

are organisms that can produce their own foodfrom the substances available inn their surroundings using light (photosynthesis) or chemical energgy (chemosynthesis)

autotrophs

cannot synthesize their own food and reply on other organisms- bothe plants and animals- for nutrition -organic compounds as primary carbon source

heterotrophs

light asenergy source ( photosynthesis)

phototrophs

chemicals (organic compounds) as primary source

chemotrophs

uses light as its source of enegy and an organic carbon source, such as fatty acids (as organic compounds), alcohol,, and carbohydrates (carbon)

photoheterotrophs

uses light as its energy and co2 as its carbon sourcefrom the sun

photoautotrophs

uses electrons from an inorganic chhemical as an energy source and co2 as a carbon source

chemoautotrophs

uses electrons from hydrogen atoms in inorganic compounds as their energy source

chemoheterotophs

-aka nutrient broth -contains no agar -ex: brain heart infusion (BHI); tryptone soya broth (TSC); thioglycollate

liquid medium

contains 0.5-1% agar -ex: sulfide indole motility (SIM)

semi solid medium

contains 2-3% agar -ex: triple sugar iron (TSI), mac conkey and chocolate agar

solid medium

all substances are known to the user for researcg purposes

syntthetic/defined medium

composed of some unknown substances for isolation of bacteria -ex: nutrient broth, tsb, macconkey agar

non synthetic/ complex medium

isolate onligate inytacellular bacteria -ex:ex: w 138, hela 229 cells and mc coy cells

tissue culture medium

test tube-butt slant, slant and liquid media

tubed media

petri dish

plated media

routinely used in the laboratory and without added supplement ex: nutrient agar, broth, tsb

simple/general purpose

with added supplement necssary foor the growth of fastidious organism ex; blood agar, chocoate agar plate

enriched media

allows visualization of metabollic differences between group of species of bacteria ex: macconkey, bap, eosin methylenen blue, hektoen enteric agar

differential media

incorporated with antibiotics, dyes or chemicals to inhibit the growth of other organisms while promoting the growth of the desired organism ex: mcconkey hektoen xylose lysine decarboxylase agar bismuth sulfit agar mannitool salt agar

selective media

contains specific nutrients ex: alkaline peptone water, selenite f, buffered charcoal yeast extract, thioglycollate

enrichment media

gastro

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 100問 · 2年前

gastro