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問題一覧
1
Alkaloid occurring in plants -yellowish (amorphous) highly poisonous, very bitter to the taste -freely soluble in water, alcohol, chcl3 -less soluble in ether and benzene -insoluble in petroleum ether
colchicine
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Fatal dose of colchicine
less than 1/2 grain
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Death caused by colchicine
paralysis of the respiratory center
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Classification of colchicine
non volatile alkaloidal poison
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Tx of colchicine
tannic acid, strong tea, demulcents, artificial heart, opium
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Laboratory test for colchicine
nitric acid test
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Colchicine: reagents
1 ml nitric acid, add naoh
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Result of niyric acid test
orange yellow/ red color solution/ colorless
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Long orthorhombic prisms from acetone -rhombic needles -white crystalline or powder -tropane alkaloid drom deadly nightshade
atropine
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Physiological use of atropine 1
lowers rest and digest
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Physio use of atropine 2
competetive antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
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What neurotransmitter is used by pns
ach
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Opthalmic use of atropine
cyclopegic, mydriatic
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Atropine is contraindicated in
narrow angle glaucoma
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Resuscitation (tx bradycardia and cardiac arrest)
atropine iv
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Use of atropine
antidote for organophosphate poisoning
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Rare effects of atropine
life threatening dysrhythmias, cardio shock, bradycardia, cardiorespiratory arrest
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Used to distinguish anticholinerguc delirium feom other altered mental status
physostigmine
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Adult dose of physostigmine
1-2mg iv
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Child dose of physostigmine
0-02- 0.05mg/kg
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Tx tachycardia
physostigmine or iv propanolol
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Ventricular dysrhythmias
lidocaine
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Hpn
nitroprusside
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Hyperthermia
external cooling
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Hypotension
10-20 isotonic fluid
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Test for atropine
vitalis test, gerrards test
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Vitalis reagents
1ml test solution with drop of fuming nitric acid deop of alcoholic potassium hydroxide
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Result of vitalis
violet color that changes to red
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Reagents of gerards test
1ml alcoholic solution of mercuric chloride in 1ml test solution
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Result of gerards test
brick red ppt
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Color/form: oil/crystal, needles • Muscarinic alkaloids • Muscarinic receptor agonist of PNS • Treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma • Causing eye muscle contraction and produce miosis
pilocarpine
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Use in xerostomia (dry mouth)
pilocarpine
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Gastric lavage preceded by endotracheal intubation
betanechol
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Doc for muscarinic symptoms
atropine sulfate
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Overcome severe cardiovascular or bronchoconstriction response
epinephrine
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Test for policarpine
helchs test
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Helch test reagents
1ml test solution 2-3 crystals of k dichromatic 2ml chloroform 1ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide
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Properties • Color/form- White, prismatic crystals, prism-like crystals • Odor- Odorless • Taste- Slightly bitter taste
caffeine
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Test for caffeine
amalic acid test, tannic acud test
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Amalic acud test
1ml test solution 10 volumes of fresh chlorine water 2 drops of nitric acid
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Result of amalic
purple color that fades
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Tannic acid test
1 ml test aolution 1ml tannic solution