•Is the science of the delivery of APIs to the target site to achieve the pharmacological effect. •The study of the physical and chemical of drugs and their dosage forms. •Application of physics and chemistry in the study of drugs.

Transfer of electrons

non metal + metal

NM + NM

unequal sharing of electrons

equal sharing of electrons

aloy formation

M + M

weak forces that involves the dispersion of charge across a molecule called a dipole

van der waals forces

results from the tendency of molecules to align themselves with the oppositely charged end of their neighbor

polar molecules can produce temporary electric dipole in a non polar molecule

resposible for the LIQUEFACTION OF GASES is an aerosolized dosage form. •brings about condensation of non polar gas molecules

keesom dipole-dipole

debye dipole- induced dipole

london induced dipole-induced dipole

solubility of ionic crystals in water

formation of iodide complex which accounts for solubility of iodine in Kl. test solution

forces necessary to cohere and forces necessary to prevent molecular interpenetration "clad"

clad

uniquely strong hydrogen + fons accounts for the UNUSUAL PROPERTIES of water •high dielectric constant •high boiling point •low vapor pressure

•important in biological structures •ex.: mi celles and lipid bilayer membrane

physical properties of system

independent of the amount of the substance in the system •temperature •pressure •density, SG, VG •viscosity •surface tension *unchanged

DEPENDENT of the amount of tye substances in the system •mass •length •volume *changed

other physical properties

other term for mesophase

exhibits properties intermediate between solids and liquids

characteristics of molecules that form mesophase

types of mesophase

soap like or grease like •rotate in 1 axis •mobile in 2 directions

•thread like •rotate in 1 axis •mobile in 3 directions

•special case •chiral nematic •higher opacity

the first recorded type of liquid crystal obtained through the application of heat

•fills available spaces •compressible •invisible •kinetic energy in rapid motion •weakest intermolecular forces

only visible gas

most common gas laws

other gas law

states that the total pressure in a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of each gas

this law states that the rate of diffusion of the gas and the speed of the gas molecules. are inversely proportional to the diffusion and effusion

•follows the shape of its container •definite volume •gliding motion

pressure of the saturated vapor above a liquid resulting from the escape of the surface liquid molecules

describes the relationship between vapor pressure. and the absolute temperature of a liquid

heat absorbed by 1 mole of liquid when it passes into vapor state

states that solubility of any gas increases as the external pressure is increased

•mariotte's law • constant T •ISOTHERMIC •non linear

•amonton's law •constant v •ISOCHORIC •linear

•constant P •ISOBARIC •Linear

classification of dispersed system

<0.1 nm •INVISIBLE •pass thru filter paper amd semi permeable membrabe

0.1 nm •visible only in ELECTRIC microscope •pass thru filter paper eg: cheese, butter

>0.5 mcm •visible in both ordinary and electric microscope •does not PASS THROUGH eg: enulsions, suspensions

a mixture of two or more components that form a honogenous molecular dispersion or one ohase system

molecules or ions dispersed throughout the solvent