問題一覧
1
causes burning scaling irritation or damage to the area of contact.
example: acid
corrosive
2
produce effects on the CNS
example: hallucinogens
neurotics
3
causes developmental damage to the
fetus.
Example: thalidomide Irritants- cause tissue
necrosis on contact, caustic effects
teratogen
4
cause dyspnea.
Example: methane gas, CO
Asphyxiants
5
stimulates the growth of cancer cells.
Example: benzene
Carcinogen
6
stimulate flow of tears.
Lacrimators
7
produce muscular weakness.
Example: tubocurarine, statins
Asthenics
8
cause excessive sneezing
Examples: pollen, pepper, veratrine
Sternutator
9
cause stupor, insensibility, of loss of feeling
Examples: morphine, hypnotics
Narcotic
10
acts on the spinal cord, produce spasm and continuou muscular contractions.
Example: strychnine
Tetanic
11
effect resulting from a single exposure or exposure to high doses.
Manifestation of effect is immediate.
Acute effect
12
effect resulting from long exposure or accumulated effect of several exposures
Chronic effect
13
lengths of exposure referring to exposure shorter than chronic exposure but more than one single exposure.
Subchronic effect
14
the toxic effect occurs only at a certain level of exposure, below which no toxic effect occurs. Safe doses do not result in damage
or injury. Not associated with genetic modification
example: Teratogens
Threshold effect
15
the toxic effect occurs at any level of exposure with no established safe doses. Associated with genetic modification.
Examples: carcinogens in mutagens
Non-threshold effect
16
no permanent change in the biological system. The effect vanishes when the poison is removed.
Reversible effect
17
the change in the biological system is permanent and does not return to normal after the poison is removed.
Irreversible effect
18
an effect that is manifested after several exposures where the poison accumulates in the target organ until a critical toxic concentration is reached.
Example: heavy metals
Cumulative effect
19
effect at the site of first contact such as skin and mucous membranes
Local effect
20
the poison is absorbed and distributed in the body.
Systemic effect
21
take away the poison, prevent absorption of poison
Mechanical or physical antidotes
22
process of cleaning out the contents of the stomach to eliminate the poison Donot use in: acids and alkali poisoning or if there is a risk of gastric perforation
Gastric lavage or stomach suction
23
induce vomiting to eliminate the poison. Emetic use is syrup
of ipecac. Do not use in: volatile chemicals (gasoline), chemicals that foam (soap), strong acids, and alkaline. If patient is unconscious
Induced Emesis
24
induce evacuation of poison through bowel movement. No longer
recommended.
Cathartics
25
antidotes that react with the poison to produce nontoxic byproducts
Chemical antidotes
26
react with the poison to form insoluble products
Examples: milk of magnesia, tea (due to tannin), the potassium permanganate
Precipitants
27
counteract the effects of the poison by producing opposing effects.
Examples: naloxone for morphine poisoning,
NAC for a set acetaminophen poisoning,
atropine for organophosphate poisoning and
sodium thiosulfate for cyanide poisoning
Physiological or pharmacological antidotes
28
acts directly on the chemoreceptor trigger zone to induce emesis. _________________ is generally the emetic of choice because of its rapid onset and the ability to reverse its action.
apomorphine
29
the barbiturates below are long acting, except
thiopental
30
should renal or cardiac failure, electrolyte abnormalities, or acid-base disturbances occur in acute barbiturate OD, which management is recommeded?
hemodialysis
31
sudden withdrawal of barbiturates from addicted individuals runs the risk of developing
all are correct
32
Respiratory depression and hypotension from benzo overdose occur more often with
patenteral administration
33
This drugs has been used as date-rape drugs because they are tasteless, odorless tablets and liquids
all of the choices
34
This has been promoted and abused for sleep disorders (narcolepsy), as an anesthetic agent, as a treatment for alcohol and controlled substance withdrawal, and currently, as an inducer of growth hormone (body building) and aphrodisiac
GHB
35
Treatment for flunitrazepam OD
flumazenil
36
It is an array of signs and neurobehavioral symptoms experienced by a human newborn that occur after abrupt discontinuation of gestational exposure to opioids (narcotics) during maternity
neonatal abstinence syndrome
37
This refers to psychological dependence
habituation
38
It primarily stimulates central post synaptic a2 receptors that inhibit neuronal activity and decrease sympathetic overtone. It shares so e pharmacological properties and features with opioids
clonidine
39
It is the narcotic of choice among illicit drug users, principally because of its enhanced potency. At 200 times and 7000 times greater potency than morphine
fentanyl
40
The clinical presentation of the opioid toxidrome is characterized by
all of the choices
41
This is a pure opioid antagonist available only in oral tablet dosage form only. A 50 mg dose blocks the pharmacological effects of opioids by competitive binding at opioid receptors.
naltrexone
42
The drugs below are synthetic opioids except
cedeine
43
This synthetic opiate chemically related to meperidine, is combined with atropine for the treatment of diarrhea. The toxicity ofthe combination, therefore, is primarily due to the presence of the anticholinergic.
diphenoxylate
44
Treatment program for methamphetamine addiction
none of the above
45
This is used to control coceine induced seizuresif the benzodiazepines are inadequate
phenobarbital
46
Therapeutic drug intervention for treating cocaine addiction
none of the above
47
Individuals who ingest up to 10mg/kg of caffeine are at risk of developing
all of the above
48
Its structural similarity to amphetamine has made this drug desirable as a chemical precursor in the illicit manufacture of methamphetamine
pseudoephedrine
49
Cardiovascular, neurologic, and psychiatric complications from cocaine are effectively controlled with
benzodiazepines
50
Clinical management if LSD
symptomatic treatment
51
This is the most commonly used and misused controlled substance in the united states and the number one cash crop
marijuana
52
-The drug is derived from the dried leaves of the plant Erythroxylon coca
-was sold medicinally as a brain tonic in the early 1900s (as an ingredient of Coca-Cola®).
cocaine
53
is the most active component of coffee and the coffee beans (seeds) of Coffea arabica, a small evergreen shrub abundant in the tropical areas of South America, Central America, and the Middle East.
caffeine
54
is a pyridine alkaloid (1-methyl-2(3-pyridyl) pyrrolidine) obtained from the cured and dried leaves of the tobacco plant, Nicotiana sp.
nicotine
55
an alkaloidal amine derived from the plant Ephedra sinica Although its effects are less pronounced, ______________ is a long-acting orally
active adrenergic sympathetic stimulant whose actions mimic epinephrine.
ephedrine
56
shares the pharmacological properties of ephedrine but causes less CNS stimulation. It is an α1-agonist that can produce significant hypertension with a resultant reflex bradycardia.
Phenylpropranolamine
57
shares the same pharmacological properties as ephedrine. It binds
to central and peripheral α1-receptors, resulting in significant CNS stimulation and vasoconstriction, respectively, particularly
affecting arterioles of the mucous membranes, skin, kidneys, and abdomen.
Pseudoephedrine
58
derived from the dried sclerotium (resting body of fungus) of Claviceps purpurea (rye plant). Although preparations of the crude drug are seldom found in pharmaceutical formulas, the alkaloid derivatives are important medicinal agents resulting from parasitic and saprophytic alteration of the plant.
Ergot
59
does not occur naturally but is a semi-synthetic preparation of dlysergic acid. Discovered by A. Hoffman in 1943 during the course of experiments directed toward the synthesis of stimulants (analeptics), _____ produces opposing actions of powerful central
stimulation with slight depression.
LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD)
60
The synthetic hallucinogenic amphetamine derivatives are widely used among high-school and college students at rave parties, alcoholic bars, and events requiring endurance and alertness, such as marathon dances.
PHENETHYLAMINE DERIVATIVES
61
are up to 100 times more potent than mescaline. Both have been associated with fatalities in the United States, particularly as a result of neurotoxic events. However, their effects are milder than those of MDMA.
DOM (2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine, STP) and MDA (3,4-MethyleneDioxyamphetamine)
62
Originally marketed in the E.U. as an intravenous (I.V.) anesthetic (Sernyl®), the drug was soon identified with postanesthetic confusion and delirium. After a brief shift as an animal tranquilizer, its legitimate therapeutic use was banned, but its street popularity blossomed.
PHENCYCLIDINE (1-PHENYLCYCLOHEXYL PIPERIDINE; PCP)
63
a synthetic form of δ-THC, is available in 5 and 10 mg capsules for the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. It is also indicated as an appetite stimulant for anorexia associated with weight loss in AIDS patients.
Dronabinol
64
is a rapidacting general nonbarbiturate anesthetic used alone or as a supplemental anesthetic in diagnostic and surgical procedures in emergency medicine and veterinary medicine. It produces a
dissociative anesthesia similar to that of PCP.
Ketamine (special k, vitamin K)
65
Originally developed and used in the 1970s as an anesthetic agent and for sleep dis- orders, GHB is currently listed as an “orphan drug” for the treatment of narcolepsy and auxiliary symptoms of cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations.
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB; xyreM®)
66
are familiar as synthetic derivatives of the androgens that promote
skeletal muscle growth (anabolic effect) and the development of sex characteristics (androgenic effect).
Anabolic steroids
67
are hormones that stimulate the development and activity of accessory male sex organs (primary sex characteristics) and
encourage the development of male sex characteristics (secondary sex characteristics).
Androgens
68
a synthetic analog and solubilizing agent for amino- pyrine. It was initially used as an anti inflammatory agent and subsequently for its analgesic and antipyretic actions.
phenylbutazone
69
oculogyric crisis (upward gaze paralysis); muscular spasms of the neck (torticollis); back (opisthotonos), and tortipelvis (abdominal wall)
acute dystonic reactions
70
motor restlessness and discomfort, inability to sit still
akathisia
71
bradykenesia, shuffling gait, resting tremor (pill rolling movements), "masked face," perioral tremors ("rabbit syndrome")
parkinsonism (akinesia)
72
choreoatheriod movements: involuntary, repetitive, spasmodic movements of face, tongue, lips (chorea); slow, writhing, involuntary movements of fingers and hands (athetoid); may occur years after neuroleptic therapy.
tardive dyskinesia or tardive dystonia
73
catatonia, muscle (lead pipe), rigidity, stupor, hyperpyrexia, altered mental status, autonomic instability
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
gastro
gastro
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 100問 · 2年前gastro
gastro
100問 • 2年前gastro m
gastro m
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 7問 · 2年前gastro m
gastro m
7問 • 2年前lab
lab
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 13問 · 2年前lab
lab
13問 • 2年前m2
m2
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 94問 · 2年前m2
m2
94問 • 2年前m1
m1
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 88問 · 2年前m1
m1
88問 • 2年前poisons
poisons
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 50問 · 1年前poisons
poisons
50問 • 1年前lec
lec
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 19問 · 1年前lec
lec
19問 • 1年前exam
exam
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 16問 · 1年前exam
exam
16問 • 1年前spec
spec
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 41問 · 1年前spec
spec
41問 • 1年前midterm
midterm
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 55問 · 1年前midterm
midterm
55問 • 1年前PHYSICAL PHARMACY
PHYSICAL PHARMACY
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 54問 · 1年前PHYSICAL PHARMACY
PHYSICAL PHARMACY
54問 • 1年前PHYSICAL PHARMACY II
PHYSICAL PHARMACY II
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 29問 · 1年前PHYSICAL PHARMACY II
PHYSICAL PHARMACY II
29問 • 1年前DDS
DDS
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 33問 · 1年前DDS
DDS
33問 • 1年前hallucinogens
hallucinogens
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 22問 · 1年前hallucinogens
hallucinogens
22問 • 1年前non volatile poisons
non volatile poisons
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 42問 · 1年前non volatile poisons
non volatile poisons
42問 • 1年前endterm
endterm
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 63問 · 1年前endterm
endterm
63問 • 1年前q3 endterm
q3 endterm
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 17問 · 1年前q3 endterm
q3 endterm
17問 • 1年前mockboard 2019
mockboard 2019
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 65問 · 1年前mockboard 2019
mockboard 2019
65問 • 1年前mockboard 2019 II
mockboard 2019 II
Hannah Angelique Losaria · 39問 · 1年前mockboard 2019 II
mockboard 2019 II
39問 • 1年前問題一覧
1
causes burning scaling irritation or damage to the area of contact.
example: acid
corrosive
2
produce effects on the CNS
example: hallucinogens
neurotics
3
causes developmental damage to the
fetus.
Example: thalidomide Irritants- cause tissue
necrosis on contact, caustic effects
teratogen
4
cause dyspnea.
Example: methane gas, CO
Asphyxiants
5
stimulates the growth of cancer cells.
Example: benzene
Carcinogen
6
stimulate flow of tears.
Lacrimators
7
produce muscular weakness.
Example: tubocurarine, statins
Asthenics
8
cause excessive sneezing
Examples: pollen, pepper, veratrine
Sternutator
9
cause stupor, insensibility, of loss of feeling
Examples: morphine, hypnotics
Narcotic
10
acts on the spinal cord, produce spasm and continuou muscular contractions.
Example: strychnine
Tetanic
11
effect resulting from a single exposure or exposure to high doses.
Manifestation of effect is immediate.
Acute effect
12
effect resulting from long exposure or accumulated effect of several exposures
Chronic effect
13
lengths of exposure referring to exposure shorter than chronic exposure but more than one single exposure.
Subchronic effect
14
the toxic effect occurs only at a certain level of exposure, below which no toxic effect occurs. Safe doses do not result in damage
or injury. Not associated with genetic modification
example: Teratogens
Threshold effect
15
the toxic effect occurs at any level of exposure with no established safe doses. Associated with genetic modification.
Examples: carcinogens in mutagens
Non-threshold effect
16
no permanent change in the biological system. The effect vanishes when the poison is removed.
Reversible effect
17
the change in the biological system is permanent and does not return to normal after the poison is removed.
Irreversible effect
18
an effect that is manifested after several exposures where the poison accumulates in the target organ until a critical toxic concentration is reached.
Example: heavy metals
Cumulative effect
19
effect at the site of first contact such as skin and mucous membranes
Local effect
20
the poison is absorbed and distributed in the body.
Systemic effect
21
take away the poison, prevent absorption of poison
Mechanical or physical antidotes
22
process of cleaning out the contents of the stomach to eliminate the poison Donot use in: acids and alkali poisoning or if there is a risk of gastric perforation
Gastric lavage or stomach suction
23
induce vomiting to eliminate the poison. Emetic use is syrup
of ipecac. Do not use in: volatile chemicals (gasoline), chemicals that foam (soap), strong acids, and alkaline. If patient is unconscious
Induced Emesis
24
induce evacuation of poison through bowel movement. No longer
recommended.
Cathartics
25
antidotes that react with the poison to produce nontoxic byproducts
Chemical antidotes
26
react with the poison to form insoluble products
Examples: milk of magnesia, tea (due to tannin), the potassium permanganate
Precipitants
27
counteract the effects of the poison by producing opposing effects.
Examples: naloxone for morphine poisoning,
NAC for a set acetaminophen poisoning,
atropine for organophosphate poisoning and
sodium thiosulfate for cyanide poisoning
Physiological or pharmacological antidotes
28
acts directly on the chemoreceptor trigger zone to induce emesis. _________________ is generally the emetic of choice because of its rapid onset and the ability to reverse its action.
apomorphine
29
the barbiturates below are long acting, except
thiopental
30
should renal or cardiac failure, electrolyte abnormalities, or acid-base disturbances occur in acute barbiturate OD, which management is recommeded?
hemodialysis
31
sudden withdrawal of barbiturates from addicted individuals runs the risk of developing
all are correct
32
Respiratory depression and hypotension from benzo overdose occur more often with
patenteral administration
33
This drugs has been used as date-rape drugs because they are tasteless, odorless tablets and liquids
all of the choices
34
This has been promoted and abused for sleep disorders (narcolepsy), as an anesthetic agent, as a treatment for alcohol and controlled substance withdrawal, and currently, as an inducer of growth hormone (body building) and aphrodisiac
GHB
35
Treatment for flunitrazepam OD
flumazenil
36
It is an array of signs and neurobehavioral symptoms experienced by a human newborn that occur after abrupt discontinuation of gestational exposure to opioids (narcotics) during maternity
neonatal abstinence syndrome
37
This refers to psychological dependence
habituation
38
It primarily stimulates central post synaptic a2 receptors that inhibit neuronal activity and decrease sympathetic overtone. It shares so e pharmacological properties and features with opioids
clonidine
39
It is the narcotic of choice among illicit drug users, principally because of its enhanced potency. At 200 times and 7000 times greater potency than morphine
fentanyl
40
The clinical presentation of the opioid toxidrome is characterized by
all of the choices
41
This is a pure opioid antagonist available only in oral tablet dosage form only. A 50 mg dose blocks the pharmacological effects of opioids by competitive binding at opioid receptors.
naltrexone
42
The drugs below are synthetic opioids except
cedeine
43
This synthetic opiate chemically related to meperidine, is combined with atropine for the treatment of diarrhea. The toxicity ofthe combination, therefore, is primarily due to the presence of the anticholinergic.
diphenoxylate
44
Treatment program for methamphetamine addiction
none of the above
45
This is used to control coceine induced seizuresif the benzodiazepines are inadequate
phenobarbital
46
Therapeutic drug intervention for treating cocaine addiction
none of the above
47
Individuals who ingest up to 10mg/kg of caffeine are at risk of developing
all of the above
48
Its structural similarity to amphetamine has made this drug desirable as a chemical precursor in the illicit manufacture of methamphetamine
pseudoephedrine
49
Cardiovascular, neurologic, and psychiatric complications from cocaine are effectively controlled with
benzodiazepines
50
Clinical management if LSD
symptomatic treatment
51
This is the most commonly used and misused controlled substance in the united states and the number one cash crop
marijuana
52
-The drug is derived from the dried leaves of the plant Erythroxylon coca
-was sold medicinally as a brain tonic in the early 1900s (as an ingredient of Coca-Cola®).
cocaine
53
is the most active component of coffee and the coffee beans (seeds) of Coffea arabica, a small evergreen shrub abundant in the tropical areas of South America, Central America, and the Middle East.
caffeine
54
is a pyridine alkaloid (1-methyl-2(3-pyridyl) pyrrolidine) obtained from the cured and dried leaves of the tobacco plant, Nicotiana sp.
nicotine
55
an alkaloidal amine derived from the plant Ephedra sinica Although its effects are less pronounced, ______________ is a long-acting orally
active adrenergic sympathetic stimulant whose actions mimic epinephrine.
ephedrine
56
shares the pharmacological properties of ephedrine but causes less CNS stimulation. It is an α1-agonist that can produce significant hypertension with a resultant reflex bradycardia.
Phenylpropranolamine
57
shares the same pharmacological properties as ephedrine. It binds
to central and peripheral α1-receptors, resulting in significant CNS stimulation and vasoconstriction, respectively, particularly
affecting arterioles of the mucous membranes, skin, kidneys, and abdomen.
Pseudoephedrine
58
derived from the dried sclerotium (resting body of fungus) of Claviceps purpurea (rye plant). Although preparations of the crude drug are seldom found in pharmaceutical formulas, the alkaloid derivatives are important medicinal agents resulting from parasitic and saprophytic alteration of the plant.
Ergot
59
does not occur naturally but is a semi-synthetic preparation of dlysergic acid. Discovered by A. Hoffman in 1943 during the course of experiments directed toward the synthesis of stimulants (analeptics), _____ produces opposing actions of powerful central
stimulation with slight depression.
LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD)
60
The synthetic hallucinogenic amphetamine derivatives are widely used among high-school and college students at rave parties, alcoholic bars, and events requiring endurance and alertness, such as marathon dances.
PHENETHYLAMINE DERIVATIVES
61
are up to 100 times more potent than mescaline. Both have been associated with fatalities in the United States, particularly as a result of neurotoxic events. However, their effects are milder than those of MDMA.
DOM (2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine, STP) and MDA (3,4-MethyleneDioxyamphetamine)
62
Originally marketed in the E.U. as an intravenous (I.V.) anesthetic (Sernyl®), the drug was soon identified with postanesthetic confusion and delirium. After a brief shift as an animal tranquilizer, its legitimate therapeutic use was banned, but its street popularity blossomed.
PHENCYCLIDINE (1-PHENYLCYCLOHEXYL PIPERIDINE; PCP)
63
a synthetic form of δ-THC, is available in 5 and 10 mg capsules for the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. It is also indicated as an appetite stimulant for anorexia associated with weight loss in AIDS patients.
Dronabinol
64
is a rapidacting general nonbarbiturate anesthetic used alone or as a supplemental anesthetic in diagnostic and surgical procedures in emergency medicine and veterinary medicine. It produces a
dissociative anesthesia similar to that of PCP.
Ketamine (special k, vitamin K)
65
Originally developed and used in the 1970s as an anesthetic agent and for sleep dis- orders, GHB is currently listed as an “orphan drug” for the treatment of narcolepsy and auxiliary symptoms of cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations.
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB; xyreM®)
66
are familiar as synthetic derivatives of the androgens that promote
skeletal muscle growth (anabolic effect) and the development of sex characteristics (androgenic effect).
Anabolic steroids
67
are hormones that stimulate the development and activity of accessory male sex organs (primary sex characteristics) and
encourage the development of male sex characteristics (secondary sex characteristics).
Androgens
68
a synthetic analog and solubilizing agent for amino- pyrine. It was initially used as an anti inflammatory agent and subsequently for its analgesic and antipyretic actions.
phenylbutazone
69
oculogyric crisis (upward gaze paralysis); muscular spasms of the neck (torticollis); back (opisthotonos), and tortipelvis (abdominal wall)
acute dystonic reactions
70
motor restlessness and discomfort, inability to sit still
akathisia
71
bradykenesia, shuffling gait, resting tremor (pill rolling movements), "masked face," perioral tremors ("rabbit syndrome")
parkinsonism (akinesia)
72
choreoatheriod movements: involuntary, repetitive, spasmodic movements of face, tongue, lips (chorea); slow, writhing, involuntary movements of fingers and hands (athetoid); may occur years after neuroleptic therapy.
tardive dyskinesia or tardive dystonia
73
catatonia, muscle (lead pipe), rigidity, stupor, hyperpyrexia, altered mental status, autonomic instability
neuroleptic malignant syndrome