what sedative hypnotic drug is not detected by urine?

what test is used to detect flunitrazepam?

Historically, these compounds were associated with significant toxic potential and abuse, and their popularity in the illicit drug market soared in the 1960s. The com- pounds, however, are no longer available therapeutically and have not resurfaced as significant drugs of abuse.

Since its synthesis in 1960, ____ has been promoted and abused for sleep disorders (narcolepsy), as an anesthetic agent, as treatment for alcohol and controlled sub- stance withdrawal, and currently, as an inducer of growth hormone (bodybuilding) and aphrodisiac. The tasteless, odorless, liquid or gel form makes it convenient for use as a “date-rape” drug.

what happens when you ingest GHB with alcohol?

been used as a “date-rape” drug because of its intoxicating and amnestic effects.* The agent causes euphoria, hal- lucinations, and disinhibiting effects and has also been used to enhance heroin and cocaine euphoria. It is highly lipid soluble with a quick onset (20–30 min) and dura- tion of up to 12 h.

ised in the treatment of airway depression except in the presence of stimulants

Although ________ is used internationally in the treatment of insomnia as well as a preanesthetic benzodiazepine, it is a U.S. federal schedule I controlled substance with no legitimate therapeutic or prescribing uses.

an antianxiety agent that is not chemically or pharmacologically related to the BZs, barbiturates, or other S/H drugs. It does not exert anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant effects, nor does it interact with GABA receptors.

brand name of buspirone

a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic of the imidazopyridine class.

brand name of flunitrazepam

brand name of zolpidem tartrate

A propanediol carbamate derivative, ______ is still marketed as an alternative S/H to barbiturates.

brand name of meprobamate

recommended for ameliorating chloral hydrate–induced cardiac arrhythmias.

it is currently available in oral liquid form only

miscellaneous sedative hypnotics

only hypnotic benzodiazepine

alprazolam

bromazepam

camazepam

chlordiazepoxide

chlorazepate

diazepam

flurazepam

halazepam

lorazepam

midazolam

oxazepam

prazepam

temazepam

triazolam

street name of phenobarbitals

streetname of phentobarbitals

streetname of secobarbital

opiods are detected using

primarily stimulates central postsynaptic α2-receptors that inhibit neuronal activity and decrease sympathetic overtone. Clonidine shares some pharmacological properties (μ-receptors) and clinical features with the opioids.

brand name of clonidine

is a centrally acting synthetic analog of codeine with low affinity for the μ-receptor.

are powerful μ-receptor agonists with addictive and analgesic potential equivalent to those of morphine and heroin, respectively.

methadone analog, ____ is implicated in cardiotoxicity.

is a benzomorphan derivative of morphine with three to four times its analgesic potency and the same addictive potential.

first synthetic opioid

enhanced potency of fentanyl

narcotic of choice among illicit drug users

analog of phentanyl

solid form if fentanyl

A synthetic opiate chemically related to meperidine

_____ (methylmorphine) is available in combination with other ingredients as an analgesic (Tylenol with _____®) and as an antitussive in prescription cough, cold, antihistaminic, and expectorant formulas

Withdrawal fear, craving, compulsive drug-seeking behavior

Lacrimation, sweating, listless behavior, anxiety, restlessness, stomach cramps

Restless sleep, nausea, vomiting, mydriasis, anorexia, tremors; cold clammy skin, fever, chills; compulsive drug-seeking behavior

Peak intensity: tachycardia, hypertension, hypothermia, piloerection (goose-flesh appearance of skin, “cold turkey”), muscle spasms; continued nausea, vomiting, dehydration, compulsive drug-seeking behavior; risk of cardiovascular collapse

Stimulus-driven cravings, anorexia, fatigue, bradycardia, hypotension